CN110669986B - 310S stainless steel preparation method and 310S stainless steel - Google Patents
310S stainless steel preparation method and 310S stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 310S stainless steel preparation method and 310S stainless steel, wherein the 310S stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is 0.03-0.06; si: 0.40 to 0.70; mn: 1.30-1.60; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.0010; cr: 25.30-25.90; 19.00 to 19.80 parts of Ni; mo: 0 to 0.5; n is 0.02-0.05; cu: 0 to 0.5; al: 0 to 0.1200; the balance being Fe; the preparation method comprises smelting → continuous casting → hot rolling → annealing and acid pickling. The invention has the beneficial effects that the oxygen content of the plain steel is effectively reduced and the surface quality of the product is improved by accurately controlling the oxygen content; the surface oxide skin is easy to clean, has excellent heat resistance and is suitable for harsh high-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel production, and particularly relates to 310S stainless steel applicable to high-temperature-resistant environments in petrochemical industry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of the petrochemical industry, more and more operations are performed under high temperature conditions, but equipment materials at high temperature are easy to corrode and lose efficacy. In the prior art, 310S stainless steel (2520) is austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel, has high nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) contents, has good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, acid and salt resistance and high temperature resistance, and is widely applied to the petrochemical industry. The disadvantages are that the production difficulty of the 310S stainless steel is large: deoxidation is difficult, the common production process can only reach the oxygen content level of 50ppmm, and the requirements of steel grades are difficult to reach; the casting blank obtained under the existing process condition is easy to generate longitudinal cracks; meanwhile, the difficult problems of difficult pickling and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 310S stainless steel preparation method and 310S stainless steel, which effectively reduce the oxygen content of plain steel and improve the surface quality of products by accurately controlling the oxygen content; the surface oxide skin is easy to clean, has excellent heat resistance and is suitable for harsh high-temperature environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of 310S stainless steel comprises smelting → continuous casting → hot rolling → annealing and acid pickling; the method is characterized by comprising the following smelting steps:
A1) melting alloy and scrap steel by an EAF (electric furnace) at the temperature of 1550 ℃, and slagging off after tapping;
A2) AOD (argon oxygen decarburization refining) smelting is carried out, C is reduced to be below 0.03%, a reducing agent SiFe alloy is added, and lime, fluorite and aluminum balls are added after 3min to continue slagging, deoxidizing and desulfurizing; controlling the tapping temperature at 1630 ℃; slagging off after tapping;
A3) according to the aluminum-oxygen equilibrium solubility of 310S and the limitation of ladle treatment, the continuous casting sampling Al (aluminum) content is controlled to be 1000-1200ppm, and the total oxygen content under the deoxidation equilibrium state is ensured to be less than 10 ppm; the Ca (calcium) content in calcium treatment is controlled to be 20-30ppm, so that the castability of molten steel is ensured; 1.0-3.0 kg of synthetic slag per t of molten steel is added into a weak stirring port to adsorb impurities, and the mixture is stirred for more than 30min under weak stirring, so that the floating of the impurities is promoted, and the purity of the molten steel is improved; the minimum control of other alloys and cooling agents is added in the ladle treatment;
the continuous casting step comprises:
B1) casting the ladle by using a ladle nozzle and argon protection; the superheat degree of the tundish is controlled at 30-40 ℃; a covering agent with proper alkalinity is adopted in the tundish to adsorb impurities and protect molten steel from being oxidized by air;
B2) the dip angle of a submerged nozzle (SEN nozzle) for continuous casting is 15 degrees, and the insertion depth is controlled to be 80-120mm according to the section size of a slab being 200-220 mm;
B3) the casting powder is 304 stainless steel casting powder, and is cooled for one time, wherein the water quantity of a narrow surface is 500L/min, and the water quantity of a wide surface is 3500L/min;
B4) secondary cooling, wherein the secondary cooling water is 0.56L/kg;
B5) water cooling the plate blank for 20-30 min; grinding to a depth of 2-5 mm;
the 310S stainless steel cast structure contains a certain amount of ferrite, the volume can shrink or expand when delta → gamma is transformed, particularly, the structure transformation cannot be simultaneously carried out and completed because of larger temperature difference on the cross section of a continuous casting billet, and uneven deformation is generated inside and outside the continuous casting billet, so that tensile or compressive stress is generated, and longitudinal cracks are further caused; according to the invention, the secondary cooling water cooling process of the upper surface and the lower surface is arranged, so that the occurrence of longitudinal cracks is reduced;
still further, the hot rolling step comprises:
C1) heating temperature of a heating furnace is 1210-1250 ℃, furnace time is 230-280 min, extraction temperature is 1180-1220 ℃, average excess oxygen of a heating area of the heating furnace is 2-4%, and ferrite of a casting blank is fully dissolved;
C2) the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1180-1220 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 990-1000 ℃, 5-pass rolling operation is carried out, and the thickness is rolled from 220mm to 180mm casting blank;
C3) putting 180mm casting blanks into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1240-1260 ℃, the furnace time is 190-210 min, and the average oxygen passing amount of a heating area of the heating furnace is 2-4%;
the slab is heat treated and rolled (220 mm-180 mm), the stress is eliminated, and the ferrite of the casting blank is dissolved to homogenize the raw material;
C4) carrying out secondary rough rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1220-1240 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 980-998 ℃, and the thickness is 27mm after 7-pass rolling operation is carried out;
C5) and (3) finish rolling, namely performing coil furnace operation, wherein the heating temperature of the coil furnace is 990-1100 ℃, performing 7-pass operation, and rolling the steel plate from 27mm to 4mm or 3 mm.
Still further, the annealing and pickling step includes:
D1) the annealing furnace adopts plate temperature detection to improve the accuracy degree of temperature control, the temperature of the stainless steel band of the preheating zone is 570 ℃, the temperature of the stainless steel band of the heating zone is 1050 ℃, and the temperature of the stainless steel band of the soaking zone is 1130 ℃;
D2) the specific gravity of neutral salt sodium sulfate in the pickling section is 1.2 +/-0.05, the current is 6500 +/-200A, and the temperature is 75 +/-5 ℃; the mixed acid is 80-100 g/L of nitric acid, 38-41 g/L of hydrofluoric acid and the acid temperature is 65-70 ℃. The pickling section is provided with a dense oxide film on the surface of 310S stainless steel through neutral salt electrolysis treatment.
The invention also provides 310S stainless steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is 0.03-0.06; si: 0.40 to 0.70; mn: 1.30-1.60; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.0010; cr: 25.30-25.90; 19.00 to 19.80 parts of Ni; mo: 0 to 0.5; n is 0.02-0.05; cu: 0 to 0.5; al: 0 to 0.1200; the balance being Fe; the 310S stainless steel is produced by the preparation method.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the oxygen content of the plain steel is effectively reduced through the accurate control of the oxygen content during smelting, and the surface quality of the product is improved;
(2) setting secondary cooling water cooling processes on the upper surface and the lower surface according to the distribution rule of ferrite in the 310S continuous casting process to reduce the occurrence of longitudinal cracks;
(3) the slab is heat treated and rolled, the stress is eliminated, and the ferrite of the casting blank is dissolved to homogenize the raw material;
(5) a step of neutral salt electrolysis treatment is carried out, so that a 310S surface compact oxide film is broken, and the final product is obtained by acid washing more easily;
(6) 310S has excellent heat resistance, and compared with common 304 stainless steel, the stainless steel can be used in a more high-temperature and harsh environment; when the chromium content in the 310S stainless steel is more than 25 percent, Cr is generated on the surface during isothermal oxidation at 1000 DEG C2O3A protective oxide film without internal oxidation; meanwhile, the nickel content is increased, so that the adhesive force of an oxide film can be improved, the peeling is reduced, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the oxide film is greatly improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is the aluminum-oxygen equilibrium concentration product for 310S stainless steel of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the distribution of ferrite in a 220mm thick ingot produced by heating in a furnace according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the distribution of ferrite in rough rolling to 180mm thickness according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the high temperature oxidation resistance of 310S stainless steel at 1100 ℃ according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
A310S stainless steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is 0.03-0.06; si: 0.40 to 0.70; mn: 1.30-1.60; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.0010; cr: 25.30-25.90; 19.00 to 19.80 parts of Ni; mo: 0 to 0.5; n is 0.02-0.05; cu: 0 to 0.5; al: 0 to 0.1200; the balance being Fe; when the chromium content in the 310S stainless steel is more than 25 percent, Cr is generated on the surface during isothermal oxidation at 1000 DEG C2O3A protective oxide film without internal oxidation; meanwhile, the nickel content is increased, so that the adhesive force of an oxide film can be improved, the peeling is reduced, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the oxide film is greatly improved. The preparation method of the 310S stainless steel comprises smelting → continuous casting → hot rolling → annealing and pickling；
The smelting steps comprise:
A1) melting alloy and scrap steel by an EAF (electric furnace) at the temperature of 1550 ℃, and slagging off after tapping;
A2) AOD (argon oxygen decarburization refining) smelting is carried out, C is reduced to be below 0.03%, a reducing agent SiFe alloy is added, and lime, fluorite and aluminum balls are added after 3min to continue slagging, deoxidizing and desulfurizing; controlling the tapping temperature at 1630 ℃; slagging off after tapping;
A3) as shown in figure 1, according to the aluminum-oxygen equilibrium solubility of 310S and the limitation of ladle treatment, the continuous casting sampling Al (aluminum) content is controlled to be 1000-1200ppm, and the total oxygen content under the deoxidation equilibrium state is ensured to be less than 10 ppm; the Ca (calcium) content in calcium treatment is controlled to be 20-30ppm, so that the castability of molten steel is ensured; 1.0-3.0 kg of synthetic slag per t of molten steel is added into a weak stirring port to adsorb impurities, and the mixture is stirred for more than 30min under weak stirring, so that the floating of the impurities is promoted, and the purity of the molten steel is improved; the minimum control of other alloys and cooling agents is added in the ladle treatment;
wherein the continuous casting step comprises:
B1) casting the ladle by using a ladle nozzle and argon protection; the superheat degree of the tundish is controlled at 30-40 ℃; a covering agent with proper alkalinity is adopted in the tundish to adsorb impurities and protect molten steel from being oxidized by air;
B2) the dip angle of a submerged nozzle (SEN nozzle) for continuous casting is 15 degrees, and the insertion depth is controlled to be 80-120mm according to the section size of a slab being 200-220 mm;
B3) the casting powder is 304 stainless steel casting powder, and is cooled for one time, wherein the water quantity of a narrow surface is 500L/min, and the water quantity of a wide surface is 3500L/min;
B4) secondary cooling, wherein the secondary cooling water is 0.56L/kg;
B5) water cooling the plate blank for 20-30 min; grinding to a depth of 2-5 mm;
the 310S stainless steel cast structure contains a certain amount of ferrite, the volume can shrink or expand when delta → gamma is transformed, particularly, the structure transformation cannot be simultaneously carried out and completed because of larger temperature difference on the cross section of a continuous casting billet, and uneven deformation is generated inside and outside the continuous casting billet, so that tensile or compressive stress is generated, and longitudinal cracks are further caused; according to the invention, the secondary cooling water cooling process of the upper surface and the lower surface is arranged, so that the occurrence of longitudinal cracks is reduced;
wherein the hot rolling step comprises:
C1) heating temperature of a heating furnace is 1210-1250 ℃, furnace time is 230-280 min, extraction temperature is 1180-1220 ℃, average excess oxygen of a heating area of the heating furnace is 2-4%, and ferrite of a casting blank is fully dissolved;
C2) the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1180-1220 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 990-1000 ℃, 5-pass rolling operation is carried out, and the thickness is rolled from 220mm to 180mm casting blank;
C3) putting 180mm casting blanks into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1240-1260 ℃, the furnace time is 190-210 min, and the average oxygen passing amount of a heating area of the heating furnace is 2-4%;
as shown in FIG. 2, the distribution of ferrite in a casting blank with a thickness of 220mm is obtained by heating in a heating furnace; FIG. 3 shows the distribution of ferrite in rough rolling to 180mm thickness; the slab is heat treated and rolled (220 mm-180 mm), the stress is eliminated, and the ferrite of the casting blank is dissolved to homogenize the raw material;
C4) carrying out secondary rough rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1220-1240 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 980-998 ℃, and the thickness is 27mm after 7-pass rolling operation is carried out;
C5) and (3) finish rolling, namely performing coil furnace operation, wherein the heating temperature of the coil furnace is 990-1100 ℃, performing 7-pass operation, and rolling the steel plate from 27mm to 4mm or 3 mm.
Wherein the annealing and pickling step comprises the following steps:
D1) the annealing furnace adopts plate temperature detection to improve the accuracy degree of temperature control, the temperature of the stainless steel band of the preheating zone is 570 ℃, the temperature of the stainless steel band of the heating zone is 1050 ℃, and the temperature of the stainless steel band of the soaking zone is 1130 ℃;
D2) the specific gravity of neutral salt sodium sulfate in the pickling section is 1.2 +/-0.05, the current is 6500 +/-200A, and the temperature is 75 +/-5 ℃; the mixed acid is 80-100 g/L of nitric acid, 38-41 g/L of hydrofluoric acid and the acid temperature is 65-70 ℃. The pickling section is provided with a dense oxide film on the surface of 310S stainless steel through neutral salt electrolysis treatment.
FIG. 4 shows the oxidation weight gain of 310S stainless steel and 304 stainless steel over time at 1100 deg.C, and it can be seen that the oxidation weight gain of 304 stainless steel is significantly higher than that of 310S stainless steel within 100 hours of heat preservation. The 310S has excellent heat resistance, and can be used in a more high-temperature and harsh environment compared with the common 304 stainless steel.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments may be used, not restrictive; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of 310S stainless steel comprises smelting → continuous casting → hot rolling → annealing and acid pickling; the method is characterized in that: the 310S stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is 0.03-0.06; si: 0.40 to 0.70; mn: 1.30-1.60; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.0010; cr: 25.30-25.90; 19.00 to 19.80 parts of Ni; mo: 0 to 0.5; n is 0.02-0.05; cu: 0 to 0.5; al: 0 to 0.1200; the balance being Fe; the smelting step comprises the following steps:
A1) EAF melts alloy and scrap steel, the temperature reaches 1550 ℃, and slag is removed after tapping;
A2) removing C to below 0.03% by AOD smelting, adding a reducing agent SiFe alloy, adding lime, fluorite and aluminum balls after 3min, and continuously slagging, deoxidizing and desulfurizing; controlling the tapping temperature at 1630 ℃; slagging off after tapping;
A3) according to the 310S aluminum-oxygen equilibrium solubility and the limitation of ladle treatment, the continuous casting sampling Al content is controlled to be 1000-1200ppm, and the total oxygen content in a deoxidation equilibrium state is ensured to be below 10 ppm; the Ca content in calcium treatment is controlled to be 20-30ppm, so that the castability of molten steel is ensured; 1.0-3.0 kg of synthetic slag per t of molten steel is added into a weak stirring port to adsorb impurities, and the mixture is stirred for more than 30min under weak stirring, so that the floating of the impurities is promoted, and the purity of the molten steel is improved; the minimum control of other alloys and cooling agents is added in the ladle treatment;
the continuous casting step comprises:
B1) casting the ladle by using a ladle nozzle and argon protection; the superheat degree of the tundish is controlled at 30-40 ℃; a covering agent with proper alkalinity is adopted in the tundish to adsorb impurities and protect molten steel from being oxidized by air;
B2) the dip angle of the submerged nozzle for continuous casting is 15 degrees, and the insertion depth is controlled to be 80-120mm according to the section size of the slab being 200-220 mm;
B3) the casting powder is 304 stainless steel casting powder, and is cooled for one time, wherein the water quantity of a narrow surface is 500L/min, and the water quantity of a wide surface is 3500L/min;
B4) secondary cooling, wherein the secondary cooling water is 0.56L/kg;
B5) water cooling the plate blank for 20-30 min; grinding to a depth of 2-5 mm;
the hot rolling step includes:
C1) heating temperature of a heating furnace is 1210-1250 ℃, furnace time is 230-280 min, extraction temperature is 1180-1220 ℃, average excess oxygen of a heating area of the heating furnace is 2-4%, and ferrite of a casting blank is fully dissolved;
C2) the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1180-1220 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 990-1000 ℃, 5-pass rolling operation is carried out, and the thickness is rolled from 220mm to 180mm casting blank;
C3) putting 180mm casting blanks into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1240-1260 ℃, the furnace time is 190-210 min, and the average oxygen passing amount of a heating area of the heating furnace is 2-4%;
C4) carrying out secondary rough rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1220-1240 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 980-998 ℃, and the thickness is 27mm after 7-pass rolling operation is carried out;
C5) finish rolling, namely performing coil furnace operation, wherein the heating temperature of a coil furnace is 990-1100 ℃, performing 7-pass operation, and rolling the steel plate from 27mm to 4mm or 3 mm;
the annealing and pickling step comprises the following steps:
D1) the annealing furnace adopts plate temperature detection to improve the accuracy degree of temperature control, the temperature of the stainless steel band of the preheating zone is 570 ℃, the temperature of the stainless steel band of the heating zone is 1050 ℃, and the temperature of the stainless steel band of the soaking zone is 1130 ℃;
D2) the specific gravity of neutral salt sodium sulfate in the pickling section is 1.2 +/-0.05, the current is 6500 +/-200A, and the temperature is 75 +/-5 ℃; the mixed acid is 80-100 g/L of nitric acid, 38-41 g/L of hydrofluoric acid and the acid temperature is 65-70 ℃.
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| CN113584401A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 山东盛阳金属科技股份有限公司 | 310S heat-resistant steel hot continuous rolling plate coil and processing technology thereof |
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| CN114395727A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-04-26 | 浦项(张家港)不锈钢股份有限公司 | Smelting and continuous casting process of martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel |
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