CN110666337A - Pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device and method - Google Patents
Pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110666337A CN110666337A CN201910982251.7A CN201910982251A CN110666337A CN 110666337 A CN110666337 A CN 110666337A CN 201910982251 A CN201910982251 A CN 201910982251A CN 110666337 A CN110666337 A CN 110666337A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/125—Rotary tool drive mechanism
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device and a method, wherein the device comprises a separated stirring head, a main shaft, a displacement sensor, a hydraulic system and a hollow pressure sensor; the separated stirring head comprises a stirring needle and a static shaft shoulder; the stirring pin is connected to the lower end of the main shaft; the displacement sensor detects the thickness change of a to-be-welded workpiece at the front end of the path; the static shaft shoulder is connected to the lower end of a piston rod of the hydraulic system, and constant pressure is applied to the surface of a workpiece to be welded by the static shaft shoulder in the welding process by utilizing the voltage-stabilizing output of the hydraulic system; the hollow pressure sensor detects the pressure output value of the piston rod in real time. The friction stir welding process is cooperatively controlled through the stirring pin displacement and the static shaft shoulder pressure, so that full penetration of the welding position of the friction stir welding is realized, the welding process is stable, the problem of incomplete penetration of the root of the friction stir welding is solved, and the problem of unstable welding process caused by the difference of the form and position sizes of workpieces is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction stir welding control technology, in particular to a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device and a welding method.
Background
Friction stir welding is a solid phase joining technique that uses a non-lossy stir head inserted into a workpiece to be welded in a high-speed rotating state, and when a rotating stir pin advances along a welding path, the heat source generated by friction between the stir head and the workpiece and plastic deformation of the metal plastically softens the weld metal, and the stir pin stirs the plastic metal to flow to form a solid phase welded joint. The friction stir welding process has no pollution of arc light, smoke, dust and the like, and the welding process is green and environment-friendly and has high automation degree. The friction stir welding is mainly applied to the connection of light metal alloys such as aluminum, magnesium and the like.
The friction stir welding heat source mainly depends on the friction between the shaft shoulder and the surface of a workpiece to be welded to generate heat and the friction between the surface of the stirring pin and the weld metal to generate heat, wherein the friction between the shaft shoulder and the surface of the workpiece to be welded to generate heat accounts for the main proportion. Heat generated by shaft shoulder friction is transferred along the plate thickness direction in a heat conduction mode to form a temperature gradient, so that the axial heat distribution of a welding joint is uneven, and the welding performance is large in unevenness along the plate thickness direction. For thick plate materials or materials with poor heat conductivity, the uneven axial heat distribution of the welding seam easily causes overlarge heat input on the upper surface of the welding seam and overhigh temperature, thereby causing the surface flash defect; meanwhile, the heat input of the welding seam on the lower surface of the welding seam is insufficient, and the defect of incomplete penetration of the root is caused. The heat generated by friction between the shaft shoulder of the stirring head and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is partially dissipated in the surrounding environment, and the utilization rate of a heat source is reduced. Therefore, a static shoulder friction stir welding technique has been proposed on the basis of the friction stir welding technique. The static shoulder mixing head consists of a rotating mixing needle and a static/non-rotating shoulder. The static shaft shoulder friction stir welding technology has advantages in the fields of material welding with poor thermal conductivity, fillet weld welding and the like.
The parameters of the friction stir welding process comprise the rotating speed, the advancing speed, the axial pressure and the like of the stirring head. The welding process control generally adopts two methods of displacement control and pressure control. When displacement control is adopted, the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder on the metal on the surface of the welding seam is kept at a constant value in the welding process; when pressure control is adopted, a hollow pressure sensor is added at the axial position of the main shaft, and the stirring head and metal on the surface of the welding seam are kept at constant pressure for output. Proper axial pressure plays a crucial role in the quality of the weld: the pressure overload can cause the metal on the surface of the welding seam to be extruded, thereby causing surface defects such as flash and the like, the metal extrusion can also cause the welding seam to be thinned, the effective bearing area is reduced, and the mechanical property of the joint is deteriorated; on the contrary, insufficient welding pressure can cause insufficient heat generation of weld metal, insufficient flow of plastic metal and defects of inner holes or incomplete penetration of the welded joint.
The prior static shaft shoulder friction stir welding technology has two problems to be solved urgently:
1. axial pressure is easy to fluctuate in the welding process due to factors such as form and position size deviation of a workpiece to be welded, uneven material performance, heat accumulation in the welding process and the like, and the stability of the technological process is poor. Welding pressure changes and welding pressure overload or insufficiency can be caused without real-time feedback control, and welding quality is influenced.
2. When the thickness of a workpiece changes in the welding process, the displacement control of the stirring pin causes untimely adjustment of the penetration depth of the stirring pin, the short penetration depth of the stirring pin causes the defect that the bottom of a welding line is not welded thoroughly, and the too long penetration depth of the stirring pin causes the contact between the end part of the stirring pin and a base plate, so that the stirring pin is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device and a welding method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shoulder friction stir welding apparatus, comprising:
the separation type stirring head comprises a stirring needle controlled by displacement and a static shaft shoulder controlled by constant pressure;
a main shaft sleeve;
the main shaft is connected in the main shaft sleeve, and the stirring needle is connected to the lower end of the main shaft through a cutter handle;
the displacement sensor is arranged on the main shaft sleeve and is positioned in the advancing direction of the stirring needle, and the axial position of the stirring needle is adjusted in real time by detecting the thickness change of a to-be-welded workpiece at the front end of the path through the displacement sensor;
the hydraulic system comprises an oil cylinder and a piston rod which are matched with each other, and the oil cylinder sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the main shaft sleeve; the static shaft shoulder is connected to the lower end of the piston rod; the constant pressure of the static shaft shoulder on the surface of a workpiece to be welded is applied in the welding process by utilizing the voltage-stabilized output of the hydraulic system;
the hollow pressure sensor is installed between the static shaft shoulder and the piston rod, and the pressure output value of the piston rod is detected in real time through the hollow pressure sensor.
Further, the main shaft is connected with the main shaft sleeve through a main shaft bearing.
Further, the welding device also comprises a pressure-displacement control system, and the pressure-displacement control system adjusts the axial position of the main shaft in real time through the thickness change of the workpiece to be welded at the front end of the detection path of the displacement sensor, so that the axial position of the stirring pin is adjusted; the pressure-displacement control system detects pressure change through the hollow pressure sensor, controls the hydraulic system to adjust the pressure output of the piston rod in real time, and realizes that the static shaft shoulder applies constant pressure on the surface of a workpiece to be welded in the welding process.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding method adopts the pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device, and comprises the following steps:
fixing a workpiece to be welded on a workbench;
before welding starts, the pressure-displacement control system sets the penetration depth value of the stirring pin according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded at the starting point, and simultaneously, the pressure-displacement control system sets the output pressure value of a static shaft shoulder which is tightly contacted with the surface of the workpiece to be welded and applies constant upsetting force to the contact surface of the workpiece to be welded;
in the process that the stirring pin carries out welding along a welding seam path, the thickness of a workpiece to be welded is changed, the displacement sensor detects the thickness of the workpiece to be welded at the front end of the stirring pin on line and transmits a numerical value to the pressure-displacement control system in real time, and the pressure-displacement control system adjusts the axial position of the stirring pin in real time according to the thickness change of the workpiece to be welded, so that the stirring pin penetrates into the workpiece to be welded, and a full penetration welding seam is obtained.
Further, in the welding process of the stirring pin along the welding seam path, the flatness and thickness change of the surface of the workpiece to be welded causes the pressure change of the static shaft shoulder applied to the surface of the workpiece to be welded, the hollow pressure sensor detects the pressure change, the hydraulic system adjusts the pressure output of the piston rod in real time, and the static shaft shoulder applies constant pressure to the surface of the workpiece to be welded in the welding process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the pressure-displacement cooperative control separation type stirring head, realizes the full penetration of the friction stir welding seam, has stable static shaft shoulder pressure process, and solves the problems of incomplete penetration of the friction stir welding seam and unstable welding process caused by the difference of the shape and position sizes of workpieces.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding technical device;
FIG. 2: the invention relates to a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding technical device pressure-displacement cooperative control schematic diagram;
the attached drawings are marked as follows: the welding machine comprises a workpiece 1, a stirring needle 2, a hollow pressure sensor 3, a piston rod 4, an oil outlet oil cylinder 5, an oil inlet oil cylinder 6, an oil cylinder barrel 7, a static shaft shoulder 8, a tool handle 9, a displacement sensor 10, a main shaft bearing 11 and a main shaft 12, wherein the workpiece is to be welded; 13 is a main shaft sleeve; 14 is a pressure-displacement control system.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device comprises a separation type stirring head, a hollow pressure sensor 3, a hydraulic system, a tool holder 9, a displacement sensor 10, a main shaft bearing 11, a main shaft 12, a main shaft sleeve 13, a pressure-displacement control system 14 and the like.
The separating stirring head comprises a stirring pin 2 controlled by displacement and a static shaft shoulder 8 controlled by constant pressure. The axial movement of the stirring pin 2 is controlled by displacement, and the axial displacement of the stirring pin 2 is adjusted in real time according to the thickness change of the workpiece 1 to be welded in the welding process; the axial movement of the static shaft shoulder 8 is controlled by pressure, and the static shaft shoulder 8 applies constant pressure to the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded in the welding process by utilizing the voltage stabilization output of the hydraulic system.
The main shaft 12 is connected in the main shaft sleeve 13 through the main shaft bearing 11, and the stirring needle 2 is connected at the lower end of the main shaft 12 through the cutter handle 9. The displacement sensor 10 is mounted on the spindle sleeve 13 and located in the advancing direction of the stirring pin 2, the displacement sensor 10 detects the plate thickness change of the to-be-welded workpiece 1 at the front end of the path in real time in the welding process, the measurement data are transmitted to the pressure-displacement control system 14, and the axial position of the stirring pin 2 is adjusted according to the measurement data of the displacement sensor 10.
The static shaft shoulder 8 realizes the constant pressure output of the workpiece 1 to be welded in a hydraulic mode. The hydraulic system comprises a piston rod 4 and an oil cylinder which are matched with each other, the oil cylinder comprises an oil outlet oil cylinder 5, an oil inlet oil cylinder 6 and an oil cylinder barrel 7, and the oil cylinder barrel 7 is sleeved on the outer side of the lower part of the main shaft sleeve 13; the static shaft shoulder 8 is connected to the lower end of the piston rod 4; the steady voltage output of the hydraulic system is transmitted to the static shaft shoulder 8, the upsetting force of the static shaft shoulder 8 on weld surface metal is constant in the welding process, and the hollow pressure sensor 3 installed between the piston rod 4 and the static shaft shoulder 8 monitors the output pressure of the piston rod 4 in real time.
In the welding process, the stirring pin 2 adjusts the axial displacement in real time according to the thickness change of the plate of the workpiece 1 to be welded. The displacement sensor 10 measures the thickness change of the to-be-welded workpiece 1 on the welding path, and feeds the measured value back to the pressure-displacement control system 14, and the pressure-displacement control system 14 adjusts the axial position of the stirring pin 2 in real time through the main shaft 12 according to the thickness change, so that the stirring pin 2 is completely inserted into the to-be-welded workpiece 1.
In the welding process, when the thickness of the workpiece 1 to be welded changes or other factors cause pressure changes between the static shaft shoulder 8 and the workpiece 1 to be welded, the hollow pressure sensor 3 detects the pressure changes and feeds a pressure value back to the pressure-displacement control system 14, and the pressure-displacement control system 14 controls the hydraulic system to adjust the pressure output of the piston rod 4 in real time through a pressure stabilizing valve, an overflow valve and the like, so that the static shaft shoulder 8 applies constant pressure on the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded in the welding process.
The pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device is adopted for welding, and comprises the following steps:
when welding, the workpiece 1 to be welded is first fixed on a work table. Before welding starts, the pressure-displacement control system 14 sets the penetration depth value of the stirring pin 2 according to the thickness of the workpiece 1 to be welded at the starting point, meanwhile, the pressure-displacement control system 14 sets the output pressure value of the static shaft shoulder 8, the static shaft shoulder 8 is tightly contacted with the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded, constant upsetting force is applied to the contact surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded, and surface metal overflow is prevented. In the welding process of the stirring pin 2 along the welding seam path, the thickness of the workpiece 1 to be welded is changed, the displacement sensor 10 detects the thickness of the workpiece 1 to be welded at the front end of the stirring pin 2 on line and transmits the value to the pressure-displacement control system 14 in real time, the pressure-displacement control system 14 adjusts the axial position of the stirring pin 2 in real time according to the thickness change of the workpiece 1 to be welded, the stirring pin 2 is inserted into the workpiece 1 to be welded, and the full penetration welding seam is obtained.
Meanwhile, in the welding process of the stirring needle 2 along the welding seam path, the flatness and thickness change of the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded causes the pressure change of the static shaft shoulder 8 applied to the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded, the hollow pressure sensor 3 detects the pressure change, the hydraulic system adjusts the pressure output of the piston rod 4 in real time, and the static shaft shoulder 8 applies constant pressure to the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded in the welding process.
The stirring head adopts a static shaft shoulder 8 with constant pressure control and a stirring needle 2 with displacement control separated tool, and a friction stir welding device is provided with a displacement sensor 10, a hollow pressure sensor 3 and a hydraulic system. The displacement sensor 10 is mounted on the spindle sleeve 13, and the hollow type pressure sensor 3 is mounted between the stationary shoulder 8 and the piston rod 4. In the friction stir welding process, the axial displacement of the stirring pin 2 is adjusted according to the real-time detection value of the displacement sensor 10, the displacement sensor 10 measures the thickness change of the workpiece 1 to be welded on the welding line path in real time, data is transmitted to the pressure-displacement control system 14, the pressure-displacement control system 14 adjusts the axial displacement of the stirring pin 2 in real time, and the stirring pin 2 is completely inserted into the workpiece 1 to be welded. The static shaft shoulder 8 is connected with a piston rod 4 in a hydraulic system, the piston rod 4 provides pressure to realize that the static shaft shoulder 8 is tightly connected with the surface of a workpiece 1 to be welded, the surface pressure fluctuation of the static shaft shoulder 8 and the workpiece 1 to be welded is caused by the shape and position size difference or the actual concave-convex condition of the surface of the workpiece 1 to be welded in the welding process, the constant pressure output is realized by the axial fine adjustment of the piston rod 4 in the hydraulic system, the surface pressure of the static shaft shoulder 8 and the workpiece 1 to be welded is adjusted in real time, and the 'constant pressure' control of the static shaft. The welding method provided by the invention has the advantages that the friction stir welding process is cooperatively controlled through the displacement of the stirring pin 2 and the pressure of the static shaft shoulder 8, the full penetration of the welding position of the friction stir welding is realized, the welding process is stable, the problem that the root of the friction stir welding is not penetrated is solved, and the problem of unstable welding process caused by the difference of the shape, position and size of the workpiece is eliminated.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device is characterized by comprising:
the separation type stirring head comprises a stirring needle (2) controlled by displacement and a static shaft shoulder (8) controlled by constant pressure;
a main shaft sleeve (13);
the main shaft (12) is connected into the main shaft sleeve (13), and the stirring needle (2) is connected to the lower end of the main shaft (12) through a cutter handle (9);
the displacement sensor (10) is mounted on the spindle sleeve (13) and located in the advancing direction of the stirring needle (2), and the axial position of the stirring needle (2) is adjusted in real time through the thickness change of a to-be-welded workpiece (1) at the front end of a detection path of the displacement sensor (10);
the hydraulic system comprises an oil cylinder and a piston rod (4) which are matched with each other, and the oil cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the lower part of the spindle sleeve (13); the static shaft shoulder (8) is connected to the lower end of the piston rod (4); the constant pressure of the static shaft shoulder (8) on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded is applied in the welding process by utilizing the stable pressure output of the hydraulic system;
hollow type pressure sensor (3), install hollow type pressure sensor (3) static shaft shoulder (8) with between piston rod (4), through hollow type pressure sensor (3) real-time detection the pressure output value of piston rod (4).
2. A pressure-displacement controlled stationary shoulder friction stir welding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said spindle (12) is connected to said spindle sleeve (13) by a spindle bearing (11).
3. A pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the welding device further comprises a pressure-displacement control system (14), wherein the pressure-displacement control system (14) detects the thickness change of the workpiece (1) to be welded at the front end of the path through the displacement sensor (10) to adjust the axial position of the main shaft (12) in real time so as to adjust the axial position of the stirring pin (2); the pressure-displacement control system (14) detects pressure change through the hollow pressure sensor (3), controls the hydraulic system to adjust the pressure output of the piston rod (4) in real time, and realizes that the static shaft shoulder (8) applies constant pressure on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded in the welding process.
4. A pressure-displacement cooperative control static shoulder friction stir welding method, characterized in that the pressure-displacement cooperative control static shoulder friction stir welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is adopted, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
fixing a workpiece (1) to be welded on a workbench;
before welding starts, the pressure-displacement control system (14) sets the penetration depth value of the stirring needle (2) according to the thickness of a workpiece (1) to be welded at a starting point, meanwhile, the pressure-displacement control system (14) sets the output pressure value of the static shaft shoulder (8), the static shaft shoulder (8) is tightly contacted with the surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded, and constant upsetting force is applied to the contact surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded;
in the welding process of the stirring pin (2) along a welding line path, the thickness of a workpiece (1) to be welded is changed, the displacement sensor (10) detects the thickness of the workpiece (1) to be welded at the front end of the stirring pin (2) on line and transmits the value to the pressure-displacement control system (14) in real time, the pressure-displacement control system (14) adjusts the axial position of the stirring pin (2) in real time according to the thickness change of the workpiece (1) to be welded, the stirring pin (2) is inserted into the workpiece (1) to be welded, and a full penetration welding line is obtained.
5. A pressure-displacement cooperative control static shaft shoulder friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that during the welding process of the stirring needle (2) along the welding seam path, the flatness and thickness change of the surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded causes the pressure change of the static shaft shoulder (8) applied on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded, the hollow pressure sensor (3) detects the pressure change, the hydraulic system adjusts the pressure output of the piston rod (4) in real time, and the static shaft shoulder (8) applies constant pressure on the surface of the workpiece (1) to be welded during the welding process.
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| CN111545891A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-18 | 首都航天机械有限公司 | Hydraulically-driven constant-pressure constant-displacement friction stir welding spindle unit |
| CN111975190A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-24 | 湖南坤鼎数控科技有限公司 | Friction stir welding constant pressure structure device |
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| CN112719566A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-30 | 昆山六丰机械工业有限公司 | Process method for improving performance of retractable friction stir welding joint |
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