CN110663505A - Matrix for rice planting - Google Patents
Matrix for rice planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110663505A CN110663505A CN201911024082.2A CN201911024082A CN110663505A CN 110663505 A CN110663505 A CN 110663505A CN 201911024082 A CN201911024082 A CN 201911024082A CN 110663505 A CN110663505 A CN 110663505A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a matrix for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of vermiculite, 10-15 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of straw ash, 5-10 parts of rice hull ash, 4-7 parts of fertilizer aid, 6-10 parts of mushroom residue, 3-6 parts of cassava residue, 4-8 parts of vinegar residue, 3-5 parts of sugar alcohol, 1-3 parts of regulator and 0.5-0.8 part of pesticide; the regulator comprises gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, ferrous sulfide powder, zinc sulfate powder and calcium oxide powder. The invention improves the seedling emergence rate and seedling quality of rice seeds by improving the quality of the matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural science, in particular to a substrate for rice planting.
Background
The traditional rice seedling raising technology in China is field rice seedling raising, seedling root washing and transplanting are needed during seedling transplanting, labor and time are wasted, the seedlings are only suitable for manual transplanting, and the mechanical transplanting is serious in plant injury and poor in effect. The existing seedling raising technology mainly adopted for the production of machine-mounted rice seedlings at present comprises soft disk seedling raising, hard disk seedling raising, double-film seedling raising and the like, and more advanced industrial seedling raising is added on the seedling raising mode. The machine-transplanted rice is mainly cultivated by nutrient soil, and a large amount of soil is taken every year to seriously damage farmland soil. Meanwhile, a large amount of cost is spent on the manufacture, transportation and storage of seedling raising bed soil every year, the uniformity is easy to be inconsistent due to the fertilization of the bed soil, the quality of nutrient soil cannot be guaranteed, and the yield of the machine-transplanted rice is influenced. Along with the continuous expansion of the planting area of the rice machine transplanting, the necessary trend of rice production is that the rice machine transplanting is uniformly raised in a commercialized way and is uniformly transplanted, but the preparation of nutrient soil becomes one of barrier factors for large-area popularization of the rice machine transplanting.
As a novel seedling raising technology, the matrix seedling raising technology can meet the requirements of machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and compared with the common nutrient soil seedling raising technology, the matrix seedling raising technology has remarkable advantages in the aspects of seedling verticality, mechanical operability, disease, pest and weed control, yield increase, income increase, ecological benefit and the like. How to develop a substrate formula with stable physicochemical property and high quality is important for meeting the requirements of seedling emergence and seedling raising and improving the quality of seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a substrate for rice planting, which improves the emergence rate of rice seeds and the seedling quality by improving the quality of the substrate.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a substrate for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of vermiculite, 10-15 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of straw ash, 5-10 parts of rice hull ash, 4-7 parts of fertilizer aid, 6-10 parts of mushroom residue, 3-6 parts of cassava residue, 4-8 parts of vinegar residue, 3-5 parts of sugar alcohol, 1-3 parts of regulator and 0.5-0.8 part of pesticide; the regulator comprises gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, ferrous sulfide powder, zinc sulfate powder and calcium oxide powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gibberellin is beneficial to promoting the germination of seeds and the growth of stems and leaves; the naphthylacetic acid is beneficial to promoting the rooting of seedlings and improving the protein content in the seedlings; the trace element iron in the ferrous sulfide is beneficial to improving the chlorophyll content in the seedlings and has a sterilization effect, so that the seedlings are prevented from being damaged by bacteria; the trace element zinc in the zinc sulfate is beneficial to promoting the accumulation of dry substances in seedlings and improving the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar in the seedlings, and the trace element zinc is beneficial to exciting the growth of seeds, so that the germination rate of the seeds and the vitality of the seedlings are improved; the trace element calcium in the calcium oxide is beneficial to increasing the plant height of the seedling, improving the accumulation of nutrient substances in the seedling and simultaneously being beneficial to enhancing the cold resistance of the seedling; the compounding of gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, ferrous sulfide powder, zinc sulfate powder and calcium oxide powder is beneficial to improving the emergence rate of seeds and the quality of seedlings, so that the survival rate of the seedlings in transplanting is improved;
the vinegar residue is a slightly acidic substance, has high water content, and is suitable for being matched with a regulator to regulate the pH value in the matrix to 4.5-5.5, so that the matrix reaches the pH value according with the growth and development of rice seeds, and the germination rate of the rice seeds is ensured; the organic matter combination of the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs is used as a matrix to supplement organic matters, so that the content of nutrient elements such as calcium and potassium in the matrix is improved, and the germination rate of rice seeds is improved;
vermiculite and perlite are inorganic substances, straw ash, rice hull ash, mushroom residue, cassava residue and mushroom bran are organic substances, and the inorganic substances and the organic substances are combined for use, so that the defects of the above components when used alone are overcome, the physicochemical property of the matrix is improved, the content of nutritional ingredients of the matrix is increased, and the seed emergence rate and the seedling quality are improved.
The invention is further configured to: the mass fraction ratio of the gibberellin, the naphthylacetic acid, the ferrous sulfide powder, the zinc sulfate powder and the calcium oxide powder is 1: (0.4-0.6): (1.5-2): (1-1.5): (1-1.5).
By adopting the technical scheme, the reasonable proportion of the gibberellin, the naphthylacetic acid, the ferrous sulfide powder, the zinc sulfate powder and the calcium oxide powder is beneficial to improving the physicochemical property of the matrix, thereby ensuring the seedling quality.
The invention is further configured to: the preparation method of the straw ash and the rice hull ash comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, putting straws and rice hulls into carbendazim, soaking for 24 hours, and then dehydrating;
s2, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the straws and the rice hulls at the temperature of 130-;
and S3, finally crushing the straws and the rice hulls to prepare straw ash and rice hull ash.
By adopting the technical scheme, the straws and the rice hulls are soaked in the carbendazim, so that harmful substances such as bacteria and the like in the straws and the rice hulls are killed, and damage to seedlings caused by the harmful substances is avoided; the straws and the rice hulls are subjected to high-temperature treatment, pathogenic bacteria in the straws and the rice hulls can be further killed by the high temperature, the straws and the rice hulls are puffed by the high temperature, and fiber tissues of the puffed straws and the rice hulls are in a fluffy state, so that the water absorption and water retention of the straws and the rice hulls are improved; finally, pressing the straws and the rice hulls into powder so as to be mixed with other components.
The invention is further configured to: the straw ash is any one of wheat straw ash, rice straw ash, corn straw ash or sugarcane straw ash.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw materials of the wheat straw ash, the rice straw ash, the corn straw ash and the sugarcane straw ash are cheap and easy to obtain, and the raw materials contain rich nutrient substances, so that one of the raw materials is selected to be used as the straw ash in the substrate formula.
The invention is further configured to: the fertilizer aid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (0.3-0.6): (0.2-0.5) nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to promoting the growth of seedlings and leaves, the phosphate fertilizer is mainly used for promoting the growth of roots in the early stage of the growth of the seedlings and promoting the growth of fruits and the formation of seeds in the later stage, and the potassium fertilizer is used for improving the toughness of stalks and preventing the stalks from lodging; the addition ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is controlled within a proper range, so that the quality of the matrix is ensured, and the quality of the seedlings is ensured.
The invention is further configured to: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
By adopting the technical scheme, the urea has the highest nitrogen content in the solid nitrogen fertilizer, so the urea is selected as the nitrogen fertilizer in the substrate formula; the dipotassium phosphate has certain water absorption, can provide trace element phosphorus for the matrix and can improve the water absorption and retention of the matrix; the potassium chloride not only can provide trace element potassium for the matrix, but also has the function of adjusting the electrolyte balance in the matrix, thereby improving the quality of the matrix and the quality of the seedlings.
The invention is further configured to: the sugar alcohol is any two or the combination of more than two of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol or maltitol.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sorbitol, the mannitol, the erythritol or the maltitol is cheap and easy to obtain, so two or more of the sorbitol, the mannitol, the erythritol or the maltitol are selected to be used as the sugar alcohol of the substrate formula.
The invention is further configured to: the pesticide is dimethoate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the action mechanism of the dimethoate is absorbed by the seeds, roots, stems and leaves of the seedlings and is transferred to the whole plant, and the protomer or the activated metabolite thereof enters the insect body along with the feeding of plant tissues or the sucking of plant juice by pests, so that the pests are poisoned and killed, the dimethoate does not damage the seedlings, and the excellent insecticidal effect can be realized by a very small using amount, so that the production cost is reduced.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the compound use of gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, ferrous sulfide powder, zinc sulfate powder and calcium oxide powder provides various nutrient components required by seed emergence, and is beneficial to improving the emergence rate of seeds and the quality of seedlings, so that the survival rate of the seedlings in transplanting is improved;
2. the reasonable proportion of the gibberellin, the naphthylacetic acid, the ferrous sulfide powder, the zinc sulfate powder and the calcium oxide powder is beneficial to improving the physicochemical property of the matrix, thereby ensuring the quality of seedlings;
3. the organic matter combination of mushroom dregs, cassava dregs and vinegar dregs is adopted, so that the nutritional requirement of rice seed emergence is met, and the seed emergence rate is effectively improved; the vinegar residue is also matched with a regulator to regulate the pH value of the substrate, so that the pH value is about 4.5-5.5 approximately, and the requirement of the seedling emergence environment of seeds is met;
4. the straw and the rice hull are soaked for disinfection and then are subjected to high-temperature puffing treatment before being crushed, so that the physical and chemical properties of the straw and the rice hull are improved, the quality of a matrix is improved, and the emergence rate of seeds is improved.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.34 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.14 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.68 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.51 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.34 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, putting corn straws and rice husks into carbendazim, soaking for 24 hours, and then dehydrating;
s2, performing high-temperature puffing treatment on the corn straws and the rice hulls at the temperature of 145 ℃;
and S3, finally crushing the corn straws and the rice hulls to prepare corn straw ash and rice hull ash.
Embodiment 2 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalkAsh of | 8 | Vinegar residue | 6 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 1.02 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.21 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.08 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.31 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.21 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.21 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Embodiment 3 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.45 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.27 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.9 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.68 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.68 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Embodiment 4 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 6 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 1.02 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.61 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.24 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.92 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.61 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.61 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 5 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.15 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.09 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.3 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.23 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.23 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 6 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 20 | Mushroom residue | 6 |
| Perlite | 10 | Cassava dregs | 3 |
| Corn stalk ash | 5 | Vinegar residue | 4 |
| Rice hull ash | 5 | Sorbitol | 1.5 |
| Urea | 1.91 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 1.5 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.14 | Conditioning agents | 2.01 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.95 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.5 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.34 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.14 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.68 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.51 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.34 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 7 discloses a substrate for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 35 | Mushroom residue | 10 |
| Perlite | 15 | Cassava dregs | 6 |
| Corn stalk ash | 10 | Vinegar residue | 8 |
| Rice hull ash | 10 | Sorbitol | 2.4 |
| Urea | 4.67 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.4 | Conditioning agents | 2.01 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.93 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.8 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.34 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.14 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.68 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.51 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.34 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 1, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 6 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 0 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 6 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 2.25 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 1.5 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.75 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 3, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.85 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.55 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.65 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 4, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 0 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 0 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 0 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 2.01 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
The regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.34 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.14 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.68 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.51 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.34 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 5, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 0 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 2.01 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs and the cassava dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 6, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 6 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 2.01 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight |
| Gibberellins | 0.34 |
| Naphthylacetic acid | 0.14 |
| Ferrous sulfide powder | 0.68 |
| Zinc sulfate powder | 0.51 |
| Calcium oxide powder | 0.34 |
The preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash comprises the following steps:
s1, performing high-temperature puffing treatment on corn straws and rice hulls at 145 ℃;
and S2, crushing the corn straws and the rice hulls to prepare corn straw ash and rice hull ash.
Comparative example 7, the matrix for rice planting disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
| components | Parts by weight | Components | Parts by weight |
| Vermiculite | 30 | Mushroom residue | 8 |
| Perlite | 12 | Cassava dregs | 5 |
| Corn stalk ash | 8 | Vinegar residue | 6 |
| Rice hull ash | 8 | Sorbitol | 2.1 |
| Urea | 3.05 | Erythritol and its preparation method | 2.6 |
| Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate | 1.83 | Conditioning agents | 2.01 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.61 | Leguo (fruit of musical instruments) | 0.65 |
Wherein, the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are required to be fermented before use;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the corn straw ash and the rice hull ash comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, putting corn straws and rice husks into carbendazim, soaking for 24 hours, and then dehydrating;
and S2, crushing the corn straws and the rice hulls to prepare corn straw ash and rice hull ash.
Performance test
The substrate formulas in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 5 are adopted to cultivate rice seeds, the conductivity, the volume weight and the water retention of the substrates with different formulas are detected, and the detection results are recorded in table 1; and detecting the emergence rate of the rice seeds and the growth condition of the seedlings, and recording the detection results in table 2.
And (3) detecting the conductivity of the matrix: detecting by using a conductivity meter;
and (3) detecting the volume weight of the matrix: detecting according to the specification of 4.2 in DB 32/T1144-2007;
and (3) detecting the water retention of the matrix: detecting the free water content in the matrix according to the specification of 4.2 in DB 32/T1144-2007;
and (3) detecting the emergence rate of the seeds: respectively putting 30 rice seeds with basically the same conditions into the matrixes of each group of examples and each group of comparative examples, recording the number of seedlings of the rice seeds in the matrixes of each group after 10 days, and calculating the rate of seedling emergence through a formula;
seedling growth conditions: timing is started after rice seeds emerge, the overall growth condition of the seedlings in each group of matrix is observed by naked eyes at 20d and 40d, the growth condition of the seedlings is divided into three grades, and grade 1 is that the seedlings with thick stems and leaves are high in height, less in lodging condition and excellent in overall growth vigor; grade 2 is that the stem and leaf of the seedling are thicker, the height is higher, the lodging condition exists, and the overall growth vigor is good; the grade 3 is that the stem and leaf of the seedling have different thickness and height, and have lodging condition, and the whole growth is good.
Table 1-data for the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the substrates of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 5
| Conductivity (ms/cm) | Volume weight (g/cm)3) | Free Water content (%) | |
| Example 1 | 1.82 | 0.335 | 38.2 |
| Example 2 | 1.64 | 0.327 | 36.4 |
| Example 3 | 1.71 | 0.319 | 37.9 |
| Example 4 | 1.74 | 0.293 | 36.7 |
| Example 5 | 1.55 | 0.296 | 35.2 |
| Example 6 | 1.79 | 0.307 | 34.9 |
| Example 7 | 1.68 | 0.314 | 38.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.44 | 0.271 | 34.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.57 | 0.282 | 33.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.61 | 0.291 | 35.4 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.52 | 0.286 | 34.8 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1.72 | 0.324 | 36.5 |
| Comparative example 6 | 1.54 | 0.322 | 35.6 |
| Comparative example 7 | 1.45 | 0.319 | 28.4 |
From the data in examples 1-5 in Table 1, it can be seen that: the proportion of each component in the regulator is changed within a reasonable range, the physicochemical properties of the matrix are floated within a proper range, and the quality of the matrix can be ensured;
from the data in example 1 and examples 6-7 in table 1, it can be seen that: the proportion of each component in the matrix formula is changed within a reasonable range, the physicochemical properties of the matrix are floated within a proper range, and the quality of the matrix can be ensured;
from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 in table 1, it can be seen that: the removal of the regulator or a certain component in the regulator can cause the electrical conductivity and the volume weight of the matrix to be reduced, but the reduction range is not large, the electrical conductivity of the matrix is also maintained in a proper range, and the removal of the regulator or a certain component in the regulator has little influence on the water retention rate of the matrix;
as can be seen from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 4-5 in Table 1: in comparative example 4, after the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs are removed, the conductivity, the volume weight and the water retention rate of the matrix are all reduced, but the water retention rate is not greatly reduced, which indicates that the synergistic effect of the mushroom dregs, the cassava dregs and the vinegar dregs has a promoting effect on improving the conductivity, the volume weight and the water retention rate of the matrix; after the vinegar residue was deleted in comparative example 5, the conductivity, the volume weight and the water retention rate of the matrix were decreased compared with the related data in example 1, but were increased compared with comparative example 4, which shows that the addition of the vinegar residue to the matrix has the effect of improving the conductivity, the volume weight and the water retention rate of the matrix;
from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 6-7 in table 1, it can be seen that: when the corn straws and the rice hulls are subjected to high-temperature puffing, the conductivity, the water retention rate and the volume weight of the matrix are not changed greatly; when the corn straws and the rice hulls are only subjected to soaking disinfection treatment, the volume weight of the matrix is not changed greatly, the conductivity is reduced to some extent, and the numerical value of the water retention rate of the matrix is obviously reduced, which shows that the high-temperature puffing treatment of the corn straws and the rice hulls has a beneficial effect on improving the water retention rate of the matrix.
TABLE 2-test data of rice seeds and seedlings in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 5
| Rate of emergence (%) | Growth condition of seedling | |
| Example 1 | 82 | 1 |
| Example 2 | 77 | 1 |
| Example 3 | 79 | 1 |
| Example 4 | 83 | 2 |
| Example 5 | 81 | 2 |
| Example 6 | 81 | 1 |
| Example 7 | 80 | 1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 52 | 3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 61 | 3 |
| Comparative example 3 | 58 | 2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 48 | 3 |
| Comparative example 5 | 67 | 2 |
| Comparative example 6 | 76 | 2 |
| Comparative example 7 | 66 | 2 |
From the data in examples 1-5 in Table 2, it can be seen that: the ratio of the components of the regulator in the matrix is changed, the emergence rate of rice seeds is not greatly influenced, but the growth condition of seedlings is influenced to a certain extent, the growth vigor of the seedlings in the examples 4 and 5 is not as good as that of the seedlings in the examples 1 to 3, probably because the quantity of the regulator in the example 4 is more, but the quantity of the regulator in the example 5 is less, so that the quantity and the ratio of the regulator have obvious influence on the growth condition of the seedlings;
from the data in example 1 and examples 6-7 in table 2, it can be seen that: the proportion of each component in the substrate formula is changed within a reasonable range, so that the influence on the emergence rate of rice seeds and the growth vigor of seedlings is small;
from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 in table 2, it can be seen that: after the regulator is deleted, the emergence rate of the rice seeds is obviously reduced, and the grade of the growth condition of the seedlings is lower, which shows that the regulator has a promoting effect on the emergence of the rice seeds and the growth of the seedlings; after the three trace elements in the regulator are deleted, the emergence rate of the rice seeds is obviously reduced, but the emergence rate is higher than that in the comparative example 1, the growth condition grade of the seedlings is lower, and the trace elements have promotion effects on the emergence of the rice seeds and the growth of the seedlings; after the gibberellin and the naphthylacetic acid in the regulator are deleted, the emergence rate of the rice seeds is obviously reduced, but the emergence rate is higher than that in the comparative example 1, the grade of the growth condition of the seedlings is 2, which shows that the gibberellin and the naphthylacetic acid have promotion effects on the emergence of the rice seeds and the growth of the seedlings, and the influence of the trace elements on the growth condition of the seedlings is greater than that of the gibberellin and the naphthylacetic acid on the growth condition of the seedlings;
as can be seen from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 4-5 in Table 2: comparative example 4 mushroom residue, manioc waste and vinegar residue were removed, the emergence rate of the rice seeds was greatly reduced compared to that of the rice seeds in example 1, and the seedling growth condition was of a lower grade, indicating that the combination of mushroom residue, manioc waste and vinegar residue is beneficial to improving the emergence rate of the rice seeds and promoting the growth of the seedlings; the vinegar residue is deleted in the comparative example 5, the emergence rate of the rice seed is reduced compared with that of the rice seed in the example 1, and is equivalent to the emergence rate of the rice seed in the comparative example 4, the growth condition of the rice seedling in the comparative example 5 is poorer than that of the rice seedling in the example 1, and is improved compared with that of the rice seedling in the comparative example 4, so that the cassava residue and the mushroom residue have promotion effects on improving the emergence rate of the rice seed and the growth condition of the rice seedling, but the effects when the mushroom residue, the cassava residue and the vinegar residue are not synergistically used are obvious;
from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 6-7 in table 2, it can be seen that: the corn straws and the rice hulls are not subjected to soaking disinfection treatment, the emergence rate of rice seeds is not greatly influenced, the growth condition of seedlings is reduced, and the soaking disinfection treatment is beneficial to improving the growth condition of the seedlings because harmful substances in the disinfected matrix are reduced; the high-temperature puffing treatment is not carried out on the corn straws and the rice hulls, the emergence rate of rice seeds and the growth condition of rice seedlings are reduced, and the high-temperature puffing treatment has a promoting effect on improving the emergence rate of the rice seeds and the growth condition of the rice seedlings.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A substrate for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of vermiculite, 10-15 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of straw ash, 5-10 parts of rice hull ash, 4-7 parts of fertilizer aid, 6-10 parts of mushroom residue, 3-6 parts of cassava residue, 4-8 parts of vinegar residue, 3-5 parts of sugar alcohol, 1-3 parts of regulator and 0.5-0.8 part of pesticide; the regulator comprises gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, ferrous sulfide powder, zinc sulfate powder and calcium oxide powder.
2. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the mass fraction ratio of the gibberellin, the naphthylacetic acid, the ferrous sulfide powder, the zinc sulfate powder and the calcium oxide powder is 1: (0.4-0.6): (1.5-2): (1-1.5): (1-1.5).
3. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the straw ash and the rice hull ash comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, putting straws and rice hulls into carbendazim, soaking for 24 hours, and then dehydrating;
s2, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the straws and the rice hulls at the temperature of 130-;
and S3, finally crushing the straws and the rice hulls to prepare straw ash and rice hull ash.
4. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the straw ash is any one of wheat straw ash, rice straw ash, corn straw ash or sugarcane straw ash.
5. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer aid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (0.3-0.6): (0.2-0.5) nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
6. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 5, wherein: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
7. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the sugar alcohol is any two or the combination of more than two of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol or maltitol.
8. A substrate for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the pesticide is dimethoate.
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| CN114586621A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 龙门县顺喜来生态农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving rice quality |
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