CN110655110B - Molybdenum disulfide with atomic layer step and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Molybdenum disulfide with atomic layer step and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001507 sample dispersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
- C01G39/06—Sulfides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/047—Sulfides with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/051—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with an atomic layer step, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: pretreating raw materials; centrifugal cleaning; distributing the dispersion solution; sample dispersion; pulse laser processing; and (4) centrifugally cleaning and separating. The invention also discloses a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with an atomic layer step, and the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is prepared by the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution materials, in particular to a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with an atomic layer step and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
The excessive use of fossil fuels causes severe environmental problems such as environmental pollution, global warming, etc., and hydrogen is an ideal alternative energy source for fossil fuels. Currently, the generation of hydrogen by electrolysis or photolysis of water is two major routes to hydrogen production. Wherein, the direct electrolysis of water requires a large overpotential, which causes the waste of electric energy and increases the price of hydrogen, and people need to add a catalyst to reduce the overpotential of the electrolysis of water.
From an electrochemical point of view, electrolysis of water involves two half-reactions: hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. Molybdenum disulfide is a common catalytic material for reducing overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction, but the overpotential of the molybdenum disulfide is still higher, and the catalytic performance of the molybdenum disulfide needs to be further improved, so that the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction is further reduced. Experiments show that the active sites of molybdenum disulfide used as a catalytic material are mostly concentrated on the boundary of an atomic layer, and the catalytic activity on the atomic surface is weak. Therefore, one way to improve the catalytic hydrogen evolution performance of molybdenum disulfide is to expose more boundaries. How to expose as much as possible the boundaries of the molybdenum disulfide atomic layer becomes a matter of concern to researchers in this field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a molybdenum disulfide atomic layer step, which increases the boundary of the atomic layer and exposes more active sites, thereby overcoming the defects of insufficient boundary and low hydrogen evolution catalytic performance of molybdenum disulfide and improving the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of molybdenum disulfide.
Another objective of the present invention is to disclose a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with atomic layer steps to further reduce the overpotential and tafel slope of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
The invention provides a method for preparing a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with an atomic layer step, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preprocessing raw materials: molybdenum disulfide with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for grinding; carrying out ultrasonic stripping in a warm water bath, wherein the stripping time is 2 hours, and the water bath temperature is 60 ℃;
centrifugal cleaning: dispersing the sample obtained by stripping in the step I in deionized water, and then placing the sample in a centrifuge for centrifugation at the centrifugation speed of 8000 rpm; pouring out the supernatant, re-dispersing the cleaned sample in deionized water, and repeating the operation for 3 times; drying in a forced air drying oven at 40 ℃ for 2 hours;
dispersing solution distribution: adding 25 ml of deionized water into a beaker; adding 20 ml of ethanol into a beaker; add 5 ml PVP to the beaker; uniformly stirring the mixed solution by using a glass rod, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes; the addition of the surfactant can inhibit the recrystallization of Mo atoms and S atoms knocked off by laser, so that the Mo atoms and S atoms can be conveniently removed by a centrifugal method, the surface of the prepared molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is kept neat, and no residue is attached;
sample dispersion: weighing 2 mg of the sample prepared in the step II, pouring the sample into the dispersion solution prepared in the step III, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20 minutes;
pulse laser treatment: transferring 3 ml of the solution with the dispersed sample in the step (iv) to a thin straight-opening glass bottle with the volume of 5 ml by using a transfer pipette; irradiating a sample by adopting a nanosecond laser in an ice-water bath environment, wherein the pulse time is 10 nanoseconds, the laser frequency is 15 kilohertz, the single irradiation time is 60 seconds, and the irradiation is carried out for 30 times; the ice water bath can provide a low-temperature environment, accelerate the cooling speed, inhibit the recrystallization of Mo atoms and S atoms knocked off by laser, facilitate the removal by a centrifugal method, and keep the surface of the prepared molybdenum disulfide nanosheet clean and tidy without residue adhesion;
sixthly, centrifugal cleaning and separation: centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and collecting supernatant; centrifuging for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 rpm, and pouring out the supernatant; 10 ml of deionized water was added, 15 ml of ethanol was added, and the mixture was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 2 minutes, and this operation was repeated 3 times.
The molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with the atomic layer step provided by the invention has the following characteristics:
a large number of atomic layer steps exist on the surface of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet;
the existence of the atomic layer step does not destroy the structure of the atoms of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet in a plane perpendicular to the normal line of the nanosheet;
the surface of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is free of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles or quantum dots;
the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
The molybdenum disulfide nanosheet prepared by the method provided by the invention contains obvious atomic layer steps; the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with the atomic layer step is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, and the current density is 10 mA/cm2Under the condition of (3), the overpotential is obviously lower than that of the common molybdenum disulfide catalyst, and the Tafel slope is obviously lower than that of the common molybdenum disulfide catalyst.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a high resolution transmission electron microscopy image of molybdenum disulfide nanoplates prepared according to the method of the example.
Figure 2 is a high resolution transmission electron microscopy image of molybdenum disulfide nanoplates prepared according to the method of the comparative example.
Figure 3 is an atomic force microscope image of molybdenum disulfide nanoplates prepared according to the method of the example.
Figure 4 is an atomic force microscope image of molybdenum disulfide nanoplates prepared according to the method of the comparative example.
Figure 5 is an overpotential comparison graph of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared according to the method of the example and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared according to the method of the comparative example.
Fig. 6 is a plot comparing the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction column fiell slopes of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared according to the method of the example and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared according to the method of the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
The specific steps of this example are as follows:
preprocessing raw materials: molybdenum disulfide with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for grinding; carrying out ultrasonic stripping in a warm water bath, wherein the stripping time is 2 hours, and the water bath temperature is 60 ℃;
centrifugal cleaning: dispersing the sample obtained by stripping in the step I in deionized water, and then placing the sample in a centrifuge for centrifugation at the centrifugation speed of 8000 rpm; pouring out the supernatant, re-dispersing the cleaned sample in deionized water, and repeating the operation for 3 times; drying in a forced air drying oven at 40 ℃ for 2 hours;
dispersing solution distribution: adding 25 ml of deionized water into a beaker; adding 20 ml of ethanol into a beaker; add 5 ml PVP to the beaker; uniformly stirring the mixed solution by using a glass rod, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
sample dispersion: weighing 2 mg of the sample prepared in the step II, pouring the sample into the dispersion solution prepared in the step III, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20 minutes;
pulse laser treatment: transferring 3 ml of the solution with the dispersed sample in the step (iv) to a thin straight-opening glass bottle with the volume of 5 ml by using a transfer pipette; irradiating a sample by adopting a nanosecond laser in an ice-water bath environment, wherein the pulse time is 10 nanoseconds, the laser frequency is 15 kilohertz, the single irradiation time is 60 seconds, and the irradiation is carried out for 30 times;
sixthly, centrifugal cleaning and separation: centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and collecting supernatant; centrifuging for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 rpm, and pouring out the supernatant; 10 ml of deionized water was added, 15 ml of ethanol was added, and the mixture was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 2 minutes, and this operation was repeated 3 times.
To illustrate the technical effects of this example, a sample was prepared as a comparative example of this example according to the following procedure:
preprocessing raw materials: molybdenum disulfide with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for grinding; carrying out ultrasonic stripping in a warm water bath, wherein the stripping time is 2 hours, and the water bath temperature is 60 ℃;
centrifugal cleaning: dispersing the sample obtained by stripping in the step I in deionized water, and then placing the sample in a centrifuge for centrifugation at the centrifugation speed of 8000 rpm; pouring out the supernatant, re-dispersing the cleaned sample in deionized water, and repeating the operation for 3 times; drying in a forced air drying oven at 40 ℃ for 2 hours;
the invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet prepared according to the method of the example, and fig. 2 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet prepared according to the method of the comparative example. It can be seen that the atomic arrangement of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared according to the method of the comparative example has strict rules, and basically no defects exist; the molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared by the method provided by the invention are also very regular in atomic arrangement, but contrast with different brightness appears on certain atomic columns; many edge structures appear on the surface. Because the arrangement of the atomic columns in the paper surface direction is regular, the contrast of light and shade can only be derived from the defect vertical to the paper surface direction, namely, a plurality of atomic layer steps appear. Figure 3 is an atomic force microscope photograph of molybdenum disulfide nanoplates prepared according to the method of the example, and figure 4 is an atomic force microscope photograph of molybdenum disulfide nanoplates prepared according to the method of the comparative example. It can be seen that the molybdenum disulfide nanosheets prepared according to the method of the comparative example have smooth surfaces and no height difference in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface; the surface of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet prepared by the method in the embodiment has obvious height difference, which further illustrates that the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with the atomic layer step can be prepared by the method provided by the invention.
The overpotential measurement of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction was performed on the samples obtained according to the methods of examples and comparative examples, and the results are shown in fig. 5. The results of measuring the gradient of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction tower are shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the samples obtained according to the example method both had a significantly better overpotential and tafel slope for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction than the samples obtained according to the comparative example method. At a current density of 10 mA/cm2The overpotential of the sample obtained according to the method of example is 201 mV lower than that of the sample obtained according to the comparative example method; the Tafel slope of the sample obtained according to the example method was 74 mV/dec lower than that of the sample obtained according to the comparative example method. The molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with the atomic layer steps has excellent performance, and the overpotential and Tafel slope of electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution are remarkably reduced; the preparation method provided by the invention can be used for preparing the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with better performance.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations, which may be directly derived or suggested to one skilled in the art without departing from the basic concept of the invention, are to be considered as included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preparing molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with atomic layer steps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preprocessing raw materials: molybdenum disulfide with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for grinding; carrying out ultrasonic stripping in a warm water bath, wherein the stripping time is 2 hours, and the water bath temperature is 60 ℃;
centrifugal cleaning: dispersing the sample obtained by stripping in the step I in deionized water, and then placing the sample in a centrifuge for centrifugation at the centrifugation speed of 8000 rpm; pouring out the supernatant, re-dispersing the cleaned sample in deionized water, and repeating the operation for 3 times; drying in a forced air drying oven at 40 ℃ for 2 hours;
dispersing solution distribution: adding 25 ml of deionized water into a beaker; adding 20 ml of ethanol into a beaker; add 5 ml PVP to the beaker; uniformly stirring the mixed solution by using a glass rod, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes;
sample dispersion: weighing 2 mg of the sample prepared in the step II, pouring the sample into the dispersion solution prepared in the step III, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20 minutes;
pulse laser treatment: transferring 3 ml of the solution with the dispersed sample in the step (iv) to a thin straight-opening glass bottle with the volume of 5 ml by using a transfer pipette; irradiating a sample by adopting a nanosecond laser in an ice-water bath environment, wherein the pulse time is 10 nanoseconds, the laser frequency is 15 kilohertz, the single irradiation time is 60 seconds, and the irradiation is carried out for 30 times;
centrifugal cleaning and separation: centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and collecting supernatant; centrifuging for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000 rpm, and pouring out the supernatant; 10 ml of deionized water was added, 15 ml of ethanol was added, and the mixture was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 2 minutes, and this operation was repeated 3 times.
2. A molybdenum disulfide nanosheet with an atomic layer step has the following characteristics:
firstly, an atomic layer step exists on the surface of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet;
the existence of the atomic layer step does not destroy the structure of the atoms of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet in a plane perpendicular to the normal line of the nanosheet;
the surface of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is free of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles or quantum dots;
the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
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