CN110654086A - 防火布料及采用所述防火布料的避火服 - Google Patents

防火布料及采用所述防火布料的避火服 Download PDF

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CN110654086A
CN110654086A CN201911021518.2A CN201911021518A CN110654086A CN 110654086 A CN110654086 A CN 110654086A CN 201911021518 A CN201911021518 A CN 201911021518A CN 110654086 A CN110654086 A CN 110654086A
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fireproof
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邹亮
刘镀
张磊
史训苗
吴银
曾永红
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Youputai (shenzhen) Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种防火布料及避火服。所述防火布料包括依次层叠设置的防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层，所述防火外层包括混纺层及固设于所述混纺层外侧的防火层；所述隔热中层包括隔热主层及固设于所述隔热主层的防水透气层；所述舒适内层为***波浪形结构，所述舒适内层一部分与所述防水透气层贴合固定，另一部分与所述防水透气层间隔设置形成容纳空气的空气层。所述避火服采用所述防火布料。与相关技术相比，本发明提供的防火布料设计合理，重量轻便，穿戴者穿着舒适并且调温性能显著，防火效果显著，可以有效延长火场救援时间。

Description

防火布料及采用所述防火布料的避火服
技术领域
本发明涉及个体防护装备领域，尤其涉及一种防火布料及采用所述防火布料的避火服。
背景技术
避火服是消防员进入火场内扑救恶性火灾和抢险救援时穿着的防护服装，用来对其全身进行避火防护的专用防护服。在火灾抢救中，消防员需要穿着避火服才能靠近火灾区，在靠近火焰时，受到强辐射热侵害，为保证消防员的安全，避火服需要有较强的隔热、耐高温、阻燃等性能。
传统的避火服由面层覆铝箔、防水透气层、隔热层和舒适里布从外至内顺序组成，消防员穿戴此服装只能在极短时间内穿越火场实施救援。相关技术中如公开号为CN201110048233.5公开了一种能降温可延长在火海中救援时间的消防避火服，避火服本体由耐火布层、隔热布层、防水布层、能配装降温吸热材料的网格降温层和舒适布层顺序叠接组成。使用前需将装有降温吸热材料的网格降温层放入冰柜中蓄冷，使用时需打开服装的拉链将降温层放入服装内相应部位。此专利是在传统避火服的基础上增设了一个吸热降温层，理论上该降温层可以吸收部分的热量是人体感觉更舒适，但它的实施性却存在很大问题，其一是避火服本身就比较厚重，增加降温层会使穿戴者负重增加许多，影响其机动性；其二是降温吸热材料需提前放入冷冻箱蓄冷，增加了很多时间成本和材料成本；其三是避火服的穿戴本就比较繁复，该降温层的装配和脱卸方式使服装整体的穿戴难度加大。并且相关技术中的避火服只能在短时间内穿越火场实施救援，隔热性不够、舒适度也欠佳，加工较为困难，难以实现标准化量产。
因此，有必要提供一种新的防火布料及采用所述防火布料的避火服来解决上述问题。
发明内容
针对相关技术的避火服由于较为厚重，会增加穿戴者的负重影响机动性，并且穿戴/脱卸难度较大，同时隔热性不够，加工较为困难，无法实现标准化量产等技术问题。本发明提供了一种轻便并且防火效果良好的防火布料。
一种防火布料，其包括依次层叠设置的防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层，其中：
所述防火外层包括混纺层及固设于所述混纺层外侧的防火层；
所述隔热中层包括隔热主层及固设于所述隔热主层的防水透气层；
所述舒适内层为波浪形结构，所述舒适内层一部分与所述防水透气层贴合固定，另一部分与所述防水透气层间隔设置形成容纳空气的空气层。
优选的，所述混纺层由预氧丝和对位芳纶混纺织成。
优选的，所述混纺层由70％预氧丝和30％对位芳纶混纺织成。
优选的，所述防火层为铝箔，所述混纺层通过阻燃粘合剂贴合所述铝箔组成所述防火外层。
优选的，所述隔热主层为气凝胶和增强纤维复合制成。
优选的，所述气凝胶为纳米纤维素气凝胶，所述增强纤维为玻璃纤维或预氧化纤维。
优选的，所述防水透气层为芳纶无纺布覆阻燃PTFE膜制成。
优选的，所述防水透气层设有两层，且两层所述防水透气层分别位于所述隔热主层的相对两侧。
优选的，所述舒适内层由相变储能纤维与芳纶混纺织成。
一种避火服，所述避火服采用上述任一项所述的防火布料。
与相关技术相比，本发明提供的防火布料采用防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层三层组合方式，设计合理，重量轻便，可以实现标准化量产；并且舒适内层为波浪形结构，波浪形结构形成容纳空气的空气层，穿戴者穿着舒适并且调温性能显著，通过防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层三层结构可以有效提升防火效果，延长火场救援时间。
隔热中层中的隔热主层通过采用纤维素气凝胶，其具有极低的导热系数，可以有效提高整体的隔热效果；并且舒适内层采用相变材料制成所述舒适层，与所述舒适层的波浪形结构配合，具有分散均匀和调温性能显著的特点。
相对应的，本申请中的避火服通过采用本申请提供防火布料隔热效果良好，可以有效延长消防员火场救援时间，并且穿戴难度小，重量轻便也能降低消防员的负重，节省体力，同时结构简单可以实现标准化量产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一提供的防火布料的局部剖面示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一提供的避火服的结构示意图；
图3为对比参照例1中所提供材料在试验过程中热量随时间的变化曲线图；
图4为对比参照例2中所提供材料在试验过程中热量随时间的变化曲线图；
图5为对比参照例3中所提供材料在试验过程中热量随时间的变化曲线图；
图6为对比参照例4中所提供材料在试验过程中热量随时间的变化曲线图；
图7为本发明实施例一中所提供材料在试验过程中热量随时间的变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请结合参阅图1。本发明提供了一种防火布料100，所述防火布料100包括依次层叠设置的防火外层1、隔热中层2及舒服内层3。本发明提供的三层结构的面料，结构简单，可以降低材料成本，具有良好的隔热性能并且具有调温透湿性。
所述防火外层1包括混纺层11及固设与所述混纺层11外侧的防火层12。具体的，所述防火层12位于所述混纺层11的远离所述隔热中层2的一侧。
所述混纺层11由预氧丝和对位芳纶混纺织成。其中：所述预氧丝是由含碳的有机纤维原丝在空气介质下，经过几十至几百分钟的预氧化过程得到的一种纤维，其极限氧指数在45％以上，能承受很高的温度，在普通火焰燃烧下不会发生燃烧反映，是一种很好的耐高温材料。所述对位芳纶，具有非常好的热稳定性和超高的强度。通过所述预氧丝和所述对位芳纶混纺织成所述混纺层11，使得所述混纺层11可以具有良好的耐高温性、热稳定性及强度。具体的，在本实施例中，所述混纺层11由70％预氧丝和30％对位芳纶混纺织成。
所述防火层12为铝箔，铝箔表面光滑平整，光反射率高，具有很好的反射热辐射性能。具体的，所述铝箔通过阻燃粘合剂与所述混纺层11贴合组成所述防火外层1，不仅能实现阻燃，且能反射96％以上的辐射热，具有很高的热防护能力。
所述隔热中层2为气凝胶复合毡，所述气凝胶复合毡为三层复合结构。具体的，所述隔热中层2包括隔热主层21及固设于所述隔热主层21的防水透气层22，所述防水透气层22设有两层，且两所述防水透气层22分别位于所述隔热主层21的两侧，即两所述防水透气层22分别位于所述隔热主层21的靠近所述防火外层1的一侧以及所述隔热主层21的靠近所述舒适内层3的一侧。
所述隔热主层21是以气凝胶为主体材料并复合于增强纤维中。具体的，在本实施例中，所述气凝胶为纳米纤维素气凝胶，所述增强纤维为玻璃纤维或预氧化纤维，当然，在其他实施例中，所述增强纤维还可采用其他任意材质，并且也可采用通过特殊工艺合成的柔性材料。
两层所述防水透气层22均为芳纶无纺布覆阻燃PTFE膜制成。两所述防水透气层22分别通过阻燃粘合剂复合在所述隔热主层21的两侧。通过设置两所述防水透气层22与所述隔热主层21的两侧可以防止所述隔热主层21中凝胶粉末泄漏，并且能防水透气。通过采用所述隔热主层21及两层所述防水透气层22复合形成所述隔热中层2，使得所述隔热中层2导热系数为0.016W/mk，使用温度为1300℃，具有很强的隔热性能，还具有一定的抗拉及抗压强度。
所述舒适内层3为***波浪形结构，即所述舒适内层3上设有若干个圆柱形的凸起中空结构。所述波浪形结构内具有空隙，所述空隙形成容纳空气的空气层4。具体的，所述舒适内层3一部分与所述防水透气层22贴合固定，另一部分与所述防水透气层22间隔设置形成容纳空气的所述空气层4。在本实施例中，所述舒适内层3包括与所述防水透气层22相对间隔设置的内层31及夹设于所述内层31与所述防水透气层22之间的波浪层32，所述空气层4位于所述防水透气层22与所述内层31之间，即在本实施例中，所述空气层4一部分位于所述波浪层32围成的空间内，一部分位于所述波浪层32围成的空间外。通过所述空气层4容纳足够的空气既能增强隔热效果，并且使得所述舒适内层3具有良好的透气、透湿及舒适性。
具体的，在本实施例中，所述舒适内层3由相变储能纤维与芳纶混纺织成。所述相变储能纤维是将相变微胶囊混入纺丝液中制成，具有分散均匀和调温性能显著的特点。
所述舒适层3通过相变储能纤维与芳纶混纺制成***的所述波浪结构，可以通过所述空气层4容纳足够的空气增强隔热效果，并且具有良好的透气、透湿及舒适性，同时分散效果和调温性能显著，增加穿着者的舒适感。
在本实施例中，所述防火布料100通过所述防火外层1、所述隔热中层2及所述舒适内层3组成，整体防火性能TPP(Thermal Protective Performance)值为176.0kW·s/m2，材质重量较轻，并且隔热性能良好。具体的，本发明提供的所述防火布料100通过三层结构的新型组合，结构简单，并且由预氧丝和对位芳纶混纺织成的所述防火外层1具有高热反射热辐射性能。采用导热系数极低的芳纶无妨布纤维素气凝胶制成的所述隔热中层2实现了很高的隔热性能。采用相变储能纤维和芳纶混纺织成的***的波浪形结构的所述舒适内层3具有调温、透气、透湿、隔热效果，增加了舒适性。
请结合参阅表1和表2以及图3至图7。其中表1为隔热中层采用不同材料进行克重测试以及TPP值测试的测试结果，表2为防火布料采用不同材料进行TPP值测试的测试结果。
表1
Figure BDA0002244646770000061
表2
Figure BDA0002244646770000062
Figure BDA0002244646770000071
图3至图7分别表示由不同材料形成的布料在同一条件下进行试验过程中热量随时间的变化曲线，I曲线表示的是一次烧伤，II曲线表示的是二次烧伤，III曲线表示的是测试时间过程中传感器所受热量温度变化,也就是累计的热量。其中I曲线与III曲线相交时的TPP值为一次烧伤值，II曲线与III曲线相交时的TPP值为二次烧伤值(表1与表2中所测试得出的TPP值均为二次烧伤值)。
在本实施例中，所述隔热中层2采用气凝胶复合毡(所述隔热主层21和两层所述防水透气层22组成)，而所述隔热主层21以气凝胶为主体材料复合于增强纤维中制成，良好的解决了气凝胶的脆性的问题，不容易破碎，并且在所述隔热主层21两侧均设置所述防水透气层22也能良好的对所述隔热主层21进行保护，增加了所述防火布料100的防火隔热效果以及稳定性。所述舒适内层3由相变储能纤维与芳纶混纺织成，而所述相变储能纤维是将相变微胶囊混入纺丝液中制成，具有分散均匀和调温性能显著的特点，并且所述舒适内层3构成波浪形结构形成所述空气层4可以容纳空气，从而可以良好的吸收热量，并且所述相变储能纤维不易渗出。
请结合参阅图2。同时本发明还提供了一种避火服200，所述避火服200采用所述防火布料100制成。所述避火服200通过采用三层结构的所述防火布料100制成，所述隔热中层2采用纤维素气凝胶复合毡具有极低的导热系数，提高了所述避火服的整体隔热效果，延长了火场救援时间。所述舒适内层采用相变材料制成具有***的所述波浪形结构，具有分散均匀和调温性能显著的特点，所述防火布料100三层组合设计合理，可以实现标准化量产。并且材质较轻，简便易穿戴，也能节省消防员的体力。
可以理解的是，本申请提供的所述防火布料100不仅可以应用于消防员所穿的避火服上，也可应用于一些高温防护服装上，如室外环境工作下的服装、高温环境工作下的服装。即在存在高辐射热的环境作业的服装均可采用本申请提供的所述防火布料100。
与相关技术相比，本发明提供的防火布料采用防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层三层组合方式，设计合理，重量轻便，可以实现标准化量产；并且舒适内层为波浪形结构，波浪形结构形成容纳空气的空气层，穿戴者穿着舒适并且调温性能显著，通过防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层三层结构可以有效提升防火效果，延长火场救援时间。
隔热中层中的隔热主层通过采用纤维素气凝胶，其具有极低的导热系数，可以有效提高整体的隔热效果；并且舒适内层采用相变材料制成所述舒适层，与所述舒适层的波浪形结构配合，具有分散均匀和调温性能显著的特点。
相对应的，本申请中的避火服通过采用本申请提供防火布料隔热效果良好，可以有效延长消防员火场救援时间，并且穿戴难度小，重量轻便也能降低消防员的负重，节省体力，同时结构简单可以实现标准化量产。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种防火布料，其特征在于，包括依次层叠设置的防火外层、隔热中层及舒适内层，其中：
所述防火外层包括混纺层及固设于所述混纺层外侧的防火层；
所述隔热中层包括隔热主层及固设于所述隔热主层的防水透气层；
所述舒适内层为波浪形结构，所述舒适内层一部分与所述防水透气层贴合固定，另一部分与所述防水透气层间隔设置形成容纳空气的空气层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述混纺层由预氧丝和对位芳纶混纺织成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述混纺层由70％预氧丝和30％对位芳纶混纺织成。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述防火层为铝箔，所述混纺层通过阻燃粘合剂贴合所述铝箔组成所述防火外层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述隔热主层为气凝胶和增强纤维复合制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述气凝胶为纳米纤维素气凝胶，所述增强纤维为玻璃纤维或预氧化纤维。
7.根据权利要求5所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述防水透气层为芳纶无纺布覆阻燃PTFE膜制成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述防水透气层设有两层，且两层所述防水透气层分别位于所述隔热主层的相对两侧。
9.根据权利要求1所述的防火布料，其特征在于，所述舒适内层由相变储能纤维与芳纶混纺织成。
10.一种避火服，其特征在于，所述避火服采用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的防火布料。
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