CN110651892A - 一种罗氏沼虾微生态饲料复合添加剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种罗氏沼虾微生态饲料复合添加剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂及其在制备罗氏沼虾用微生态饲料中的应用，所述复合添加剂中包括益生菌成分和益生元成分。相对于现有技术，本发明虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，使用时操作简单，切实可行，应用广泛。可直接应用于实际养殖生产，对于促进罗氏沼虾的生长和免疫力的提高有显著作用，并且无环境副作用，不会对养殖水体的水质情况产生影响。添加本发明复合添加剂，可以将微生态制剂直接应用于饲料，为水产饲料行业的微生态制剂发展提供了参考依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种罗氏沼虾微生态饲料复合添加剂及其应用，属于虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂技术领域。
背景技术
由于生长速度快，对温度和盐度的耐受能力强，以及对一些常见疾病的强抵抗力，罗氏沼虾在过去十年中在中国的产量已经超过了13万吨，成为占据国内水产市场的一种主要淡水产品。但是细菌感染类的疾病却对这一行业产生了巨大的影响，严重影响了罗氏沼虾养殖行业的发展。
为了解决这一类疾病问题，益生元、益生菌和合生元等微生态制剂被广泛应用于水产行业，经研究发现，它们具有促进动物生长、提高饲料效率和免疫能力的功能，对提高机体对病原体的抵抗力也有很大的促进作用。
目前国内水产养殖行业中普遍通过在养殖水体中使用微生态制剂来调控水质，促进鱼虾生长，减少疾病发生。但是，现有的微生态制剂存在诸多问题，如在水体中添加的微生态制剂很难保证进入到生物体中的量、单一的微生态制剂效果不佳、对环境中原有的微生物生态***造成威胁等。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂及其在制备罗氏沼虾用微生态饲料中的应用。
技术方案：为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，所述复合添加剂中包括益生菌成分和益生元成分。
优选，所述益生菌成分包括乳酸片球菌和酵母菌。
进一步优选，所述乳酸片球菌和酵母菌菌粉浓度的比例为1：(0.5-1.5)。
优选，所述益生元成分为β-葡聚糖。
优选，所述微生态饲料主要由鱼粉、豆粕、面粉、大豆卵磷脂、鱼油、虾壳粉、沸石粉、维生素预混料、矿物质预混料、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、蜕壳素、维生素C和海藻酸钠组成。
所述的虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂在制备罗氏沼虾用微生态饲料中的应用。
应用时，将所述复合添加剂掺入微生态饲料中，使饲料中的最终益生菌浓度为(0.5-1.5)×108CFU。
应用时，将所述复合添加剂掺入微生态饲料中，使饲料中β-葡聚糖的质量为饲料总质量的0.1％-0.2％。
技术效果：相对于现有技术，本发明虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，使用时操作简单，切实可行，应用广泛。可直接应用于实际养殖生产，对于促进罗氏沼虾的生长和免疫力的提高有显著作用，并且无环境副作用，不会对养殖水体的水质情况产生影响。添加本发明复合添加剂，可以将微生态制剂直接应用于饲料，为水产饲料行业的微生态制剂发展提供了参考依据。
附图说明
图1为罗氏沼虾免疫相关基因表达量，其中，同种基因相同上标表示组间差异不显著，同种基因不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
图2为罗氏沼虾抗氧化酶相关基因表达量，其中,同种基因相同上标表示组间差异不显著，同种基因不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
图3为罗氏沼虾血液总血细胞计数，其中，相同上标表示组间差异不显著，不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
图4为罗氏沼虾血液呼吸爆发活性，其中，相同上标表示组间差异不显著，不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
图5为罗氏沼虾血液吞噬指数，其中，相同上标表示组间差异不显著，不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
图6为罗氏沼虾攻毒试验累积死亡率，其中，相同上标表示组间差异不显著，不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例，进一步阐明本发明。
实施例
制备罗氏沼虾用微生态饲料，将本发明复合添加剂(包括益生菌成分乳酸片球菌和酵母菌，以及益生元成分β-葡聚糖)掺入微生态饲料中，在相同微生态饲料的基础上掺入不同的添加剂，形成一组试验饲料和四组对照饲料，基础对照微生态饲料组(GC)、乳酸片球菌组(GP)、乳酸片球菌+酵母菌组(GPS)、乳酸片球菌+葡聚糖组(GPG)和试验组饲料乳酸片球菌+葡聚糖+酵母菌组(GPGS-本发明添加剂)。并使各种饲料中每种益生菌的最终浓度为1×108CFU，β-葡聚糖的质量为饲料总质量的0.15％，乳酸片球菌和酵母菌的菌粉浓度比例为1：1。
所述微生态饲料的配方如下表所示：
分别使用五种饲料投喂初始体重为0.18±0.01g的罗氏沼虾幼虾，日投喂量为体质量的4％，确保饱食投喂，经过60天的养殖后，分别对各组虾进行测量称重，计算其生长性能，并取样测定各组虾的免疫能力，同时使用嗜水气单胞菌进行攻毒试验，检测各组虾的抵抗力。
试验结果如下所示：
各组罗氏沼虾生长性能如表1所示，微生态制剂对各组虾的存活率没有显著影响，但显著影响生长性能。与对照组中的相同值相比，试验组GPGS组中虾的终末体重，增重率和特定生长率明显升高。此外，试验组GPGS组的虾饲料效率最低，且显著低于GC，GP和GPG组。
通过对对照组和试验组罗氏沼虾血液相关指标和肝胰腺中免疫相关基因的表达量进行测定来评估罗氏沼虾的免疫能力，其结果如图1-图6所示，试验组GPGS组血液总细胞数高于GC组和GPS组。同时，GPGS组中的虾的呼吸爆发活性高于GC组、GP组和GPS组。试验组GPGS组虾的吞噬指数显著高于GC组、GPG组和GPS组，同时GPGS组虾的吞噬指数也高于GP组。
添加微生态制剂导致虾肝胰腺中免疫相关基因相对表达水平的显著差异。
如图1所示，试验组GPGS组的凝集素(Lectins)、Toll受体基因的表达量高于四组对照组。同时，试验组GPGS组的溶菌酶(Lysozyme)和酚氧化酶(proPO)的表达量也高于GC组、GP组和GPG组。此外，微生态制剂对所有组之间IMD基因表达均无显著影响。
如图2所示，对于抗氧化酶基因的相对表达水平，试验组GPGS组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因表达水平显著高于GC组，且GPGS组过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因表达水平显著高于GC组、GP组和GPG组。GPGS组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPxs)基因表达水平与GC组、GP组和GPG组没有显著差异。试验组GPGS组的抗肿瘤因子(TNF-α)基因表达水平高于GPG组和GPGS组，且GPGS组热激蛋白70(HSP 70)的基因表达水平低于四组对照组。
在使用嗜水气单胞菌进行攻毒试验后对其累积死亡率进行统计，结果如图6所示，GPGS组的累积死亡率为40％，显著低于GC组。
以上试验结果均说明：本发明所制备的复合添加剂添加在罗氏沼虾饲料中，对于罗氏沼虾的生长、免疫和抵抗力有显著的提高作用。
表1.对照组和试验组罗氏沼虾生长性能、存活率和饲料效率
同列数据相同上标表示组间差异不显著，同列数据不同上标表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。
Claims (8)
1.一种虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述复合添加剂中包括益生菌成分和益生元成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述益生菌成分包括乳酸片球菌和酵母菌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述乳酸片球菌和酵母菌的添加质量比例为1：(0.5-1.5)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述益生元为β-葡聚糖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述微生态饲料主要由鱼粉、豆粕、面粉、大豆卵磷脂、鱼油、虾壳粉、沸石粉、维生素预混料、矿物质预混料、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、蜕壳素、维生素C和海藻酸钠组成。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的虾用微生态饲料复合添加剂在制备罗氏沼虾用微生态饲料中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，将所述复合添加剂掺入微生态饲料中，使饲料中的最终益生菌浓度为(0.5-1.5)×108CFU。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，将所述复合添加剂掺入微生态饲料中，使饲料中β-葡聚糖的质量为饲料总质量的0.1％-0.2％。
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