CN110651666A - Culture medium compressed block formula, preparation method and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Culture medium compressed block formula, preparation method and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture medium compressed block formula, a preparation method and a culture method thereof. The formula of the culture medium compressed block comprises a compressed block and an edible fungus culture medium; the compressed block comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65-70% of agricultural and forestry crop residue, 20-25% of mixed powder, 1-5% of lime powder and 5-9% of gypsum powder; the agricultural and forestry crop residues comprise broad-leaved forest wood chips and/or bamboo scraps; the mixed powder comprises one or more of straw, corncob and bran. The preparation method of the culture medium compressed block comprises the following steps: mixing the agricultural and forestry crop excess material, the mixed powder, the lime powder and the gypsum powder to obtain a mixed raw material; conveying the mixed raw materials into a drying cabin, heating and controlling moisture; continuously preserving the heat of the mixed raw materials, conveying the mixed raw materials to a material inlet of a punching machine, and compressing the mixed raw materials into a compressed block, wherein the compressed block is provided with a through hole; and (3) putting the compressed block into a pressure container, injecting an edible fungus culture solution, draining and airing to obtain the culture medium compressed block. The invention also provides a culture medium compressed block culture method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a formula of a culture medium compressed block and a preparation method and a culture method thereof.
Background
The edible fungi in the wild environment are all grown by fungus growing in natural environments such as rotten wood, humus soil and the like. The early edible fungi cultivation mostly adopts the open-air placement of the log for direct cultivation, and the edible fungi are cultivated in the banned log in various places based on the purpose of protecting forest resources.
At present, the cultivation of edible fungi mostly adopts bagged bulk material fully-cooked culture medium for fungus cultivation, the sterilization time of the bagged bulk material fully-cooked culture medium is long, the pyrolysis loss proportion of nutrient components is high, the bagging capacity of the culture medium must be increased in order to ensure the nutrition required by the growth period of the edible fungi, the occupied space of production land is further increased, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is reduced; the pollution caused by the tiny damage of the material bag generated in the transportation process can not be found in time, the polluted culture medium flows into the next procedure, the mixed bacteria grow in a large area after the cultivation for a long time and can be found by visual inspection, and resources such as the culture medium material and the cultivation working hour are wasted.
When the sporophore is cultivated to the growth stage, the sporophore is exposed and grows, and is easily damaged by external infection and insects to influence the growth. The traditional edible fungus cultivation is greatly influenced by natural environment and climate, the production efficiency is low, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is influenced; and partial varieties can not be cultivated in all regions due to the limitation of regional climate environment, and under the condition that the prior art can not effectively preserve the freshness for a long time (the freshness is not added with chemical substances), the transportation cost is high and the consumption waste is large, so that the production profit of the edible fungus cultivation industry is not high, and consumers are at a high price and low consumption strange circle.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a culture medium compressed block formula, a preparation method and a culture method thereof.
The formula of the culture medium compressed block comprises the compressed block and edible fungus culture medium permeating into the compressed block;
the compressed block comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65-70% of agricultural and forestry crop residue, 20-25% of mixed powder, 1-5% of lime powder and 5-9% of gypsum powder;
wherein the agricultural and forestry crop residue comprises broad-leaf forest wood chips and/or bamboo chips with the particle size of 0.5-5 mm;
the mixed powder comprises one or more of straw, corncob and bran.
In one embodiment, the culture solution for edible fungi comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of high-temperature high-pressure cooking material leaching solution after crushing straws, corncobs and bran, 30 parts of peptone, 5 parts of urea, 4 parts of sodium hydroxide, 5 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 800 parts of sterile water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the culture medium compressed block, which comprises the following steps:
s1, blending and mixing the agricultural and forestry crop excess material, the mixed powder, the lime powder and the gypsum powder in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, conveying the mixed raw materials into a drying cabin through a conveying pipe, heating, and controlling moisture;
s3, continuing to preserve heat of the mixed raw material and conveying the mixed raw material to a material inlet of a punching machine, and compressing the mixed raw material into a die cavity by using the punching machine to form a compression block in a compression mode, wherein the compression block is provided with a through hole;
and S4, putting the compressed block into a pressure container, vacuumizing, heating, injecting an edible fungus culture solution into the pressure container through a pipeline, opening the pressure container, taking out, draining and airing to obtain the culture medium compressed block.
In one embodiment, in S2, heating to 75-80 ℃ and controlling the moisture to 10% -15%.
In one embodiment, in S3, the density of the compressed block is 360-400kg/m3；
The compression block comprises a polygonal bottom and a round table which are connected into a whole, the through hole penetrates through the polygonal bottom and the round table and is conical, and the maximum diameter of the through hole is located at the bottom of the polygonal bottom.
In one embodiment, in S4, the placing the compressed block into a pressure vessel, vacuumizing, and heating includes:
s41, placing the compression block into a pressure container, and placing a heavy block on the compression block for pressing;
s42, opening a vacuumizing valve, vacuumizing to 0.1Pa, closing the vacuumizing valve, starting a pressure container heating device until the temperature in the pressure container reaches 80-90 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping the vacuum state for 30-40 min;
s43, opening a pressure relief valve, closing after the pressure in the pressure container is restored to normal pressure, opening an air inlet valve, starting an air pump, pressurizing to 6MPa, and simultaneously heating to 120 ℃;
and S44, after the pressurization and heating are finished, stopping heating and keeping the pressure for 90-120min, and quickly opening the pressure relief valve and closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is recovered to normal pressure.
In one embodiment, in S4, the injecting the edible fungus cultivation medium into the pressure vessel through the pipe includes:
s401, injecting edible fungus cultivation nutrient solution into the pressure container through a pipeline, and stopping injecting the liquid after the liquid level is immersed in the culture medium compression block;
s402, opening the vacuumizing valve again, vacuumizing to 0.1Pa, closing the vacuumizing valve, starting the pressure container heating device until the temperature in the pressure container reaches 75-80 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping the vacuum state for 30-40 min;
s403, opening a pressure relief valve, closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is restored to normal pressure, opening an air inlet valve, starting an air pump to pressurize to 6MPa, and heating to 115 ℃ at the same time;
s404, after the pressurization and the heating are finished, the heating is stopped, the pressure is kept for 2 hours, and then the pressure relief valve is slowly opened until the pressure is recovered to the normal pressure.
In one embodiment, in S4, the opening the pressure vessel, taking out, draining, and drying to obtain a compressed block of culture medium, includes:
s4001, opening a pressure container, taking out, draining, airing, and recycling residual liquid;
s4002, placing the prepared compressed blocks of the culture medium into a sterile drying room for drying treatment, stacking the compressed blocks of the culture medium after the water content is reduced to 5% -10%, placing the compressed blocks of the culture medium into a sealing bag for vacuumizing storage, and storing the sealed blocks of the culture medium in a shade place for standing for more than 3 days for later use.
The invention further provides a culture medium compressed block culture method, which comprises the following steps:
s01, spraying sterile water to the culture medium compressed block in a sterile room for rewetting, and sending the culture medium compressed block into an inoculation room after the moisture of the culture medium compressed block reaches 75% -85%;
s02, quantitatively and uniformly spraying liquid strains to the wall surface of the inner ring of the through hole of the culture medium compression block in a closed inoculation cabinet;
and S03, after inoculation is finished, the through holes of the culture medium compressed blocks are communicated with each other, stacked and combined, put into a material bag, sealed by using a breathable cover, returned to a purification room and kept stand until hyphae grow to penetrate out of the outer surfaces of the culture medium compressed blocks.
In one embodiment, in S02, the liquid spawn is quantitatively and uniformly sprayed onto the inner wall surface of the through hole of the compressed block of culture medium by using an inoculation spray gun;
and in the S03, returning to the clean room and standing for 3-7 d.
The formula of the culture medium compressed block, the preparation method thereof and the culture method have the beneficial effects that:
(1) the culture medium compressed block has the advantages of wide formula source, natural and environment-friendly property, low cost and simple preparation method, and is suitable for popularization and application. The culture medium compressed block culture method simulates climate of optimal growth environment, guarantees nutritional requirements of the whole process of mycelium growth, and can realize splicing growth of mycelium.
(2) The mixed raw materials are compressed into compressed blocks, so that the contradiction between the bagging volume of the culture medium and the proportion of the nutrient components is effectively solved, and the fruiting batch of a single material bag can reach 5 to 7 times.
(3) During the compression forming process, all ova, larvae and most thalli in the mixed raw materials can be effectively killed by instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated by compression and friction in the period. And the pressure and the temperature are changed violently for a plurality of times in a short time, so that the sterilizing effect on various environment-tolerant bacteria is further good.
(4) Through the operations of S41-S42 and S401-S404, the temperature is regulated and controlled to spread the wood fiber group mass, and meanwhile, the processes of vacuumizing, pressurizing and pressure maintaining are performed, so that the culture nutrient solution can fully permeate into microscopic gaps of the culture medium compressed block for storage, and the proportion of effective nutrient components in the unit volume of the culture medium compressed block is effectively improved. In the process that hypha grows into the interior of the medium compression block, the hypha gradually contacts with the nutrients stored in the interior, and the nutritional requirements of the whole hypha growth process are guaranteed.
(5) The culture medium compressed blocks are stacked and combined for planting, the peripheries of the culture medium compressed blocks are in close contact, the circular truncated cones are sleeved with each other, the through holes are communicated with each other, the hollow and transverse broken line structure of rotten wood in nature is effectively simulated, the effects of ventilation, moisture preservation and sundry fungus isolation are achieved, the outer dry and inner wet environment is formed, the splicing growth of mycelia can be realized without adding bridging substances between the stacked combinations, the growth quantity of the edible fungus fruiting bodies is controlled by preserving the size and picking the size, and the larger edible fungus fruiting bodies can be cultivated.
(6) Because the culture medium compressed block contains a large amount of hypha active ingredients and lignin particles, the discarded culture medium compressed block is beneficial to improving the ecological environment of soil, and can be directly used as an organic fertilizer to return to the field after being crushed; the biomass fuel can be used as biomass fuel to be put into a boiler for combustion after being dried, and can be used as heating and power generation energy; the ember can be used as ash fertilizer and matched with organic fertilizer to return to the field, thus playing a positive cycle role in environmental protection.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred structure of a compression block.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred construction of the compression block.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a culture medium compressed block cultivating apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred stacked assembly of media compression blocks.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a stacked assembly of media compression blocks.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the bag after inoculation.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the bag after inoculation is complete.
Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at I in fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The terms of orientation of up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, and the like, referred to or may be referred to in this specification, are defined relative to their configuration, and are relative concepts. Therefore, it may be changed according to different positions and different use states. Therefore, these and other directional terms should not be construed as limiting terms.
The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used in the present disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The culture medium compressed block comprises a compressed block and an edible fungus culture medium permeating into the compressed block.
The compressed block comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65-70% of agricultural and forestry crop residue, 20-25% of mixed powder, 1-5% of lime powder and 5-9% of gypsum powder.
Wherein the agricultural and forestry crop residue comprises broad-leaf forest wood chips and/or bamboo chips with the particle size of 0.5-5 mm; the mixed powder comprises one or more of straw, corncob and bran.
The following example provides four compressed block embodiments by way of example:
the agricultural and forestry crop residue comprises broad-leaf forest wood chips with the particle size of 0.5-5mm, and the mixed powder comprises corncobs and bran.
The agricultural and forestry crop residue of the second embodiment comprises bamboo scraps with the grain diameter of 0.5-5mm, and the mixed powder comprises bran.
The agricultural and forestry crop residues of the third and fourth embodiments include broadleaf wood chips and bamboo chips having a particle size of 0.5-5 mm.
The mixed powder of the third embodiment comprises straw, corncob and bran.
The mixed powder of example four comprises straw and corncob.
The third embodiment of the compressed block has the highest and most balanced nutrient content, and experiments show that the best effect can be achieved by adopting the formula of the compressed block of the culture medium.
In one embodiment, the culture solution for edible fungi comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of high-temperature high-pressure cooking material leaching solution after crushing straws, corncobs and bran, 30 parts of peptone, 5 parts of urea, 4 parts of sodium hydroxide, 5 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 800 parts of sterile water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the culture medium compressed block, which comprises the following steps:
s1, blending and mixing the agricultural and forestry crop excess material, the mixed powder, the lime powder and the gypsum powder in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed raw material.
And S2, conveying the mixed raw materials into a drying cabin through a conveying pipe, heating and controlling moisture.
In one embodiment, it is preferable to heat to 75-80 ℃ and control the moisture to 10% -15%.
And S3, continuing to preserve heat of the mixed raw material and conveying the mixed raw material to a material inlet of a punching machine, and compressing the mixed raw material into a die cavity by using the punching machine to form a compression block in a compression mode, wherein the compression block is provided with a through hole.
The mixed raw materials are compressed into compressed blocks, so that the contradiction between the bagging volume of the culture medium and the proportion of the nutrient components is effectively solved, and the fruiting batch of a single material bag can reach 5 to 7 times.
During the compression forming process, all ova, larvae and most thalli in the mixed raw materials can be effectively killed by instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated by compression and friction in the period. And the pressure and the temperature are changed violently for a plurality of times in a short time, so that the sterilizing effect on various environment-tolerant bacteria is further good.
In aIn an embodiment, the density of the compressed block is preferably set to 360-3。
Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2. Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred structure of a compression block. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred construction of the compression block.
In one embodiment, the compression block preferably comprises a polygonal bottom 1 and a circular truncated cone 2 which are connected into a whole, the through hole h penetrates through the polygonal bottom 1 and the circular truncated cone 2, the through hole h is conical, and the position where the diameter of the through hole h is the largest is located at the bottom of the polygonal bottom 1.
Preferably, the polygonal base 1 may be provided in a hexagonal shape.
And S4, putting the compressed block into a pressure container, vacuumizing, heating, injecting an edible fungus culture solution into the pressure container through a pipeline, opening the pressure container, taking out, draining and airing to obtain the culture medium compressed block.
In one embodiment, in S4, the placing the compressed block into a pressure vessel, vacuumizing, and heating includes:
s41, the compression block is placed into a pressure container, and a heavy block is placed on the compression block for pressing.
S42, opening a vacuumizing valve, vacuumizing to 0.1Pa, closing the vacuumizing valve, starting a pressure container heating device until the temperature in the pressure container reaches 80-90 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping the vacuum state for 30-40 min.
S43, opening the pressure relief valve, closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is recovered to normal pressure, opening the air inlet valve, starting the air pump to pressurize to 6MPa, and heating to 120 ℃.
And S44, after the pressurization and heating are finished, stopping heating and keeping the pressure for 90-120min, and quickly opening the pressure relief valve and closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is recovered to normal pressure.
In one embodiment, in S4, the injecting the edible fungus cultivation medium into the pressure vessel through the pipe includes:
s401, injecting edible fungus cultivation nutrient solution into the pressure container through a pipeline, and stopping injecting the liquid after the liquid level is immersed in the culture medium compression block.
S402, opening the vacuumizing valve again, vacuumizing to 0.1Pa, closing the vacuumizing valve, starting the pressure container heating device until the temperature in the pressure container reaches 75-80 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping the vacuum state for 30-40 min.
S403, opening the pressure relief valve, closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is recovered to normal pressure, opening the air inlet valve, starting the air pump to pressurize to 6MPa, and heating to 115 ℃.
S404, after the pressurization and the heating are finished, the heating is stopped, the pressure is kept for 2 hours, and then the pressure relief valve is slowly opened until the pressure is recovered to the normal pressure.
Through the operations of S41-S42 and S401-S404, the temperature is regulated and controlled to spread the wood fiber group mass, and meanwhile, the processes of vacuumizing, pressurizing and pressure maintaining are performed, so that the culture nutrient solution can fully permeate into microscopic gaps of the culture medium compressed block for storage, and the proportion of effective nutrient components in the unit volume of the culture medium compressed block is effectively improved. In the process that hypha grows into the interior of the medium compression block, the hypha gradually contacts with the nutrients stored in the interior, and the nutritional requirements of the whole hypha growth process are guaranteed.
In addition, in the steps, the heating time is short, and the pyrolysis failure proportion of the nutrient components is low.
In one embodiment, in S4, the step of opening the pressure vessel, draining, and drying to obtain the compressed block of culture medium comprises:
s4001, opening the pressure container, taking out, draining, airing, and recycling residual liquid.
S4002, placing the prepared compressed blocks of the culture medium into a sterile drying room for drying treatment, stacking the compressed blocks of the culture medium after the water content is reduced to 5% -10%, placing the compressed blocks of the culture medium into a sealing bag for vacuumizing storage, and storing the sealed blocks of the culture medium in a shade place for standing for more than 3 days for later use.
The invention further provides a culture medium compressed block culture method, which comprises the following steps:
and S01, spraying sterile water to the culture medium compressed block in a sterile room for rewetting, and sending the culture medium compressed block into an inoculation room after the moisture of the culture medium compressed block reaches 75-85%.
Preferably, when the compressed medium block is packaged in a sealed bag after being vacuumized, before S01 (i.e., before the compressed medium block is used for culturing the seed bacteria), whether a breakage and leakage exists can be determined by observing the vacuum condition of the sealed bag, or whether the sealed bag swells to determine whether the sealed bag is contaminated to generate mixed bacteria, so as to avoid the risk of mixed bacteria and bacterial infection in time. And timely replacing the damaged or polluted sealed package, and performing secondary sterilization treatment.
S02, quantitatively and uniformly spraying liquid strains to the wall surface of the inner ring of the through hole h of the culture medium compression block in a closed inoculation cabinet.
By inoculating the strains in the hollow structure of the through hole h, the hyphae can grow rapidly and uniformly from inside to outside.
In one embodiment, the liquid spawn is quantitatively and uniformly sprayed onto the inner wall surface of the through hole h of the culture medium compressed block preferably by using an inoculation spray gun.
Please refer to fig. 3-7. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a culture medium compressed block cultivating apparatus. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred stacked assembly of media compression blocks. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a stacked assembly of media compression blocks. FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the bag after inoculation. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the bag after inoculation is complete.
And S03, after inoculation is finished, mutually penetrating and stacking the through holes h of the culture medium compressed blocks, putting the material bag a into the material bag, sealing the material bag with a ventilating cover, returning the material bag to a purification room, standing the material bag until hyphae grow to penetrate out of the outer surfaces of the culture medium compressed blocks.
In one embodiment, it is returned to the clean room and preferably allowed to stand for 3-7 d.
The process that the edible fungi grow in the material bag a is completely in a closed positive pressure state, and the possibility of external pollution, bacteria infection and mixed fungi is effectively avoided.
In one embodiment, when the compression block preferably comprises a polygonal bottom 1 and a circular truncated cone 2 which are connected into a whole, the through hole h penetrates through the polygonal bottom 1 and the circular truncated cone 2, the through hole h is conical, the position where the diameter of the through hole h is the largest is positioned at the bottom of the polygonal bottom 1, and the culture medium compression block is vacuum-packed by adopting a sealed bag. At this time, the maximum diameter of the through hole h of the medium compressing block is directed upward, the tapered direction of the circular truncated cone 2 is directed downward, and a cap holder is opened at a position above the sealing bag, which is opposite to the maximum diameter of the through hole h of the medium compressing block (position A in FIG. 3).
In one embodiment, when the polygonal bottom 1 is hexagonal, the culture medium compressed blocks are stacked, combined and planted, the peripheries of the culture medium compressed blocks are in close contact, the circular truncated cones 2 are sleeved with each other, the through holes h are communicated with each other, the hollow and transverse broken line structure of the naturally rotten wood is effectively simulated, the effects of ventilation, moisture preservation and impurity fungus isolation are achieved, the outer dry and inner wet environment is formed, the splicing growth of mycelia can be realized without adding bridging substances between the stacked combinations, the growth quantity of the edible fungus fruiting bodies is controlled by preserving the sizes and picking the sizes, and the larger individual edible fungus fruiting bodies can be cultivated.
The regular hexagonal upright columns formed by stacking and combining a plurality of culture medium compressed blocks can be stacked closely to form a large flat bed for planting, and the large flat bed is covered with soil and then can be used for planting edible fungus varieties growing in a humus environment.
In addition, air (shown by arrows in figure 7) can be introduced through the ventilation pipeline of the cultivation device frame, elements such as humidity, temperature, oxygen content and the like can be adjusted in real time through physical means, and aerial fog rich in nutrient solution is introduced, so that the natural environment state of each growth stage from hypha to fruiting bodies is effectively simulated, and the edible fungi are always in an efficient and fast growth state under an ideal growth environment. The edible fungus species which can be originally cultivated in a limited range of partial area can be cultivated in a large range of all areas and all environments.
When the fruiting bodies of the edible fungi need to be picked, opening the tying opening at the upper part of the material bag a, and fading the material bag a to the lower part; after picking, lifting the material bag a, tying again for sealing, and when the ventilation pipe of the cultivating device is filled with air and the material bag a is expanded again, recovering the closed environment. And opening the bag again for picking when the fruiting bodies of the edible fungi are mature next time.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the portion I in fig. 6.
Preferably, an NFC label can be bound and hung at an a port of the material bag, data are recorded and read through a terminal, whole-process data management is achieved, and accurate data basis is provided for large-batch factory and scientific production management.
Because the culture medium compressed block contains a large amount of hypha active ingredients and lignin particles, the discarded culture medium compressed block is beneficial to improving the ecological environment of soil, and can be directly used as an organic fertilizer to return to the field after being crushed; the biomass fuel can be used as biomass fuel to be put into a boiler for combustion after being dried, and can be used as heating and power generation energy; the ember can be used as ash fertilizer and matched with organic fertilizer to return to the field, thus playing a positive cycle role in environmental protection.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The formula of the culture medium compressed block is characterized in that the culture medium compressed block comprises a compressed block and an edible fungus culture medium infiltrated into the compressed block;
the compressed block comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65-70% of agricultural and forestry crop residue, 20-25% of mixed powder, 1-5% of lime powder and 5-9% of gypsum powder;
wherein the agricultural and forestry crop residue comprises broad-leaf forest wood chips and/or bamboo chips with the particle size of 0.5-5 mm;
the mixed powder comprises one or more of straw, corncob and bran.
2. The medium compressed block formula according to claim 1, wherein the edible fungus cultivation medium comprises, in parts by mass: 300 parts of high-temperature high-pressure cooking material leaching solution after crushing straws, corncobs and bran, 30 parts of peptone, 5 parts of urea, 4 parts of sodium hydroxide, 5 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 800 parts of sterile water.
3. A method for preparing a compressed block of culture medium, comprising:
s1, blending and mixing the agricultural and forestry crop excess material, the mixed powder, the lime powder and the gypsum powder in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, conveying the mixed raw materials into a drying cabin through a conveying pipe, heating, and controlling moisture;
s3, continuing to preserve heat of the mixed raw material and conveying the mixed raw material to a material inlet of a punching machine, and compressing the mixed raw material into a die cavity by using the punching machine to form a compression block in a compression mode, wherein the compression block is provided with a through hole;
and S4, putting the compressed block into a pressure container, vacuumizing, heating, injecting an edible fungus culture solution into the pressure container through a pipeline, opening the pressure container, taking out, draining and airing to obtain the culture medium compressed block.
4. The method for preparing a compressed block of culture medium according to claim 3, wherein in S2, heating is performed to 75-80 ℃ and the water content is controlled to 10% -15%.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the density of the compressed block in S3 is 360-400kg/m3；
The compression block comprises a polygonal bottom and a round table which are connected into a whole, the through hole penetrates through the polygonal bottom and the round table and is conical, and the maximum diameter of the through hole is located at the bottom of the polygonal bottom.
6. The method for preparing a compressed block of culture medium according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the step S4 of placing the compressed block into a pressure vessel, evacuating the pressure vessel, and heating the pressure vessel comprises:
s41, placing the compression block into a pressure container, and placing a heavy block on the compression block for pressing;
s42, opening a vacuumizing valve, vacuumizing to 0.1Pa, closing the vacuumizing valve, starting a pressure container heating device until the temperature in the pressure container reaches 80-90 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping the vacuum state for 30-40 min;
s43, opening a pressure relief valve, closing after the pressure in the pressure container is restored to normal pressure, opening an air inlet valve, starting an air pump, pressurizing to 6MPa, and simultaneously heating to 120 ℃;
and S44, after the pressurization and heating are finished, stopping heating and keeping the pressure for 90-120min, and quickly opening the pressure relief valve and closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is recovered to normal pressure.
7. The method for preparing a compressed block of culture medium as claimed in claim 6, wherein the injecting the culture solution for culturing edible fungi into the pressure vessel through the pipe in the step S4 comprises:
s401, injecting edible fungus cultivation nutrient solution into the pressure container through a pipeline, and stopping injecting the liquid after the liquid level is immersed in the culture medium compression block;
s402, opening the vacuumizing valve again, vacuumizing to 0.1Pa, closing the vacuumizing valve, starting the pressure container heating device until the temperature in the pressure container reaches 75-80 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping the vacuum state for 30-40 min;
s403, opening a pressure relief valve, closing the pressure relief valve after the pressure in the pressure container is restored to normal pressure, opening an air inlet valve, starting an air pump to pressurize to 6MPa, and heating to 115 ℃ at the same time;
s404, after the pressurization and the heating are finished, the heating is stopped, the pressure is kept for 2 hours, and then the pressure relief valve is slowly opened until the pressure is recovered to the normal pressure.
8. The method for preparing a compressed block of culture medium according to claim 7, wherein in the step S4, the step of opening the pressure vessel, taking out the pressure vessel, draining the water and airing the pressure vessel to obtain the compressed block of culture medium comprises the following steps:
s4001, opening a pressure container, taking out, draining, airing, and recycling residual liquid;
s4002, placing the prepared compressed blocks of the culture medium into a sterile drying room for drying treatment, stacking the compressed blocks of the culture medium after the water content is reduced to 5% -10%, placing the compressed blocks of the culture medium into a sealing bag for vacuumizing storage, and storing the sealed blocks of the culture medium in a shade place for standing for more than 3 days for later use.
9. A culture medium compressed block culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, spraying sterile water to the culture medium compressed block in a sterile room for rewetting, and sending the culture medium compressed block into an inoculation room after the moisture of the culture medium compressed block reaches 75% -85%;
s02, quantitatively and uniformly spraying liquid strains to the wall surface of the inner ring of the through hole of the culture medium compression block in a closed inoculation cabinet;
and S03, after inoculation is finished, the through holes of the culture medium compressed blocks are communicated with each other, stacked and combined, put into a material bag, sealed by using a breathable cover, returned to a purification room and kept stand until hyphae grow to penetrate out of the outer surfaces of the culture medium compressed blocks.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: in the step S02, an inoculation spray gun is adopted to quantitatively and uniformly spray liquid strains to the wall surface of the inner ring of the through hole of the culture medium compression block;
and in the S03, returning to the clean room and standing for 3-7 d.
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