CN110649590A - Networking type direct-current micro-grid energy cooperative control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, which comprises the steps of dividing different voltage level layers according to the direct current bus voltage value of a direct current micro-grid, setting the voltage level layers into various working modes, wherein each working mode is provided with at least one local unit for controlling the direct current bus voltage, and keeping the power balance of a system; a control method is designed for each local unit in the direct-current micro-grid, and different working modes are switched when the voltage of a direct-current bus changes. The networking type direct current microgrid energy cooperative control method provided by the invention can implement a working mode adjustment according to the working voltage value of the direct current microgrid, maintain the power balance of the system and meet the requirement of plug and play of each unit under the condition of no communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct-current microgrid energy coordination, in particular to a grid-connected direct-current microgrid energy coordination control method.
Background
In the research aiming at the microgrid, a direct current microgrid is connected with a distributed power supply and an energy storage through a direct current bus to provide energy for corresponding loads of a system, most of electric energy generated by new energy power generation units such as photovoltaic power generation units is direct current, and the direct current microgrid is adopted, so that an alternating current-direct current conversion device is reduced, the cost and unnecessary loss are reduced, and the problems of frequency fluctuation, reactive power loss and the like do not exist in the direct current microgrid, so that the research on the direct current microgrid is more and more popular.
Because distributed Energy generally has certain intermittency and volatility, a microgrid system needs to be connected with a reliable public power grid, and meanwhile, with the development of communication technology and power electronic technology, the traditional power grid is gradually transformed and developed to an intelligent power grid, so that an intelligent Energy network based on an Energy Router (ER) is formed, and the Energy Router is used as a key device for connecting the public power grid and the microgrid, and can play a role in improving the consumption of the distributed Energy and the flexible use of electric Energy.
The control method of the intelligent micro-grid is mainly divided into master-slave control, peer-to-peer control and hierarchical control, wherein the hierarchical control is widely applied to the intelligent micro-grid system. At present, intelligent microgrid research is mainly focused on energy router topology and microgrid system architecture, and interaction research on a microgrid and a public power grid is less. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for realizing the plug and play requirement of each unit under the condition of no communication by aiming at the distributed control of the networking type direct current micro-grid including the energy router and simultaneously considering the SOC condition and the rated power limit value of the energy storage unit.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a network type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method comprises the following steps,
dividing different voltage level layers according to the voltage value of a direct current bus of the direct current micro-grid, setting the voltage level layers into various working modes, wherein each working mode is provided with at least one local unit for controlling the voltage of the direct current bus, and keeping the power balance of the system;
a control method is designed for each local unit in the direct-current micro-grid, and different working modes are switched when the voltage of a direct-current bus changes.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: the working modes are divided according to the voltage value of the direct current bus, and the voltage value of the direct current bus refers to the upper limit U and the lower limit U of the fluctuation range of the direct current busH2～UL2And upper and lower limits U of range of layered voltage valuesH1～UL1。
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: the local unit includes an energy router that connects the direct current microgrid and a utility grid.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: the direct current microgrid comprises a power generation unit, an energy storage unit and a load unit.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is UL1～UH1When the direct current micro-grid is in the working mode, the direct current micro-grid is set to be in a working mode 1; in the working mode 1, the power generation unit adopts MPPT control according to the maximum power consumption principle, the energy storage unit is used as a main control unit to maintain the balance of system power and energy, and the energy router is in a standby state.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is UL1～UH1When the power is in the Maximum Power Point (MPPT) mode, the energy storage unit possibly enters a power limiting state, the voltage of the direct current bus is kept stable by the energy router, the distributed power supply works in the MPPT mode, and at the moment, the direct current micro-grid is in a working mode 2.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is in (U)H1，UH2) When the power is in the range, the power in the direct current micro-grid system is excessive, at the moment, the energy can be output to the alternating current power grid through the energy router, the voltage of a direct current bus is controlled, and at the moment, the direct current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-1;
when the voltage value of the direct current bus is in (U)L1，UL2) When the range is within the range, the energy is lacked in the direct current micro-grid system, at the moment, the alternating current micro-grid can provide energy for the direct current micro-grid through the energy router, and at the moment, the direct current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-2.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: the voltage range of the direct current bus is located in the upper limit U of the direct current bus voltageH2And a maximum limit UH3When the system is in the power limiting state, the energy router works in the power limiting state, and the distributed power generation units are switched from the MPPT mode to the voltage reduction constant power mode to maintain the power balance of the system.
As a preferable scheme of the energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid, the method comprises the following steps: for the energy storage unit, adopting adaptive droop control based on SOC; double-loop control is adopted for a rectification stage of the energy router, and double-closed-loop control of a voltage loop and a current loop is adopted for an isolation stage of the energy router; and aiming at the power generation unit, the power reduction constant voltage control is adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the networking type direct current microgrid energy cooperative control method provided by the invention can implement a working mode adjustment according to the working voltage value of the direct current microgrid, maintain the power balance of the system and meet the requirement of plug and play of each unit under the condition of no communication.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a DC microgrid configuration used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an energy router topology employed by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a dual quadrant droop curve controlled by the energy storage unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an energy router rectification stage control employed by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an energy router isolation level control employed by the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates photovoltaic power generation unit control employed in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the operating conditions of the DC microgrid according to the present invention under photovoltaic fluctuation conditions;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the operation of the DC microgrid under the conditions of load fluctuation and grid fault according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a step diagram of the energy cooperative control method for the grid-connected dc microgrid according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a dc microgrid structure used in the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the dc microgrid studied in the present invention includes a distributed power generation unit represented by a photovoltaic, an energy storage unit capable of compensating energy shortage of the microgrid and ensuring microgrid balance, various types of load units, and an Energy Router (ER) connecting the dc microgrid and an ac power grid, and supports bidirectional flow of energy between the dc microgrid and an external power grid. Each unit is connected to a direct current bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
The invention relates to a networked direct-current microgrid energy cooperative control method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: different voltage level layers are divided according to the bus voltage value of the direct current micro-grid, different voltage level layers are defined to be different working modes, at least one unit is ensured to control the direct current bus voltage in each working mode, and the power balance of the system is kept.
In a dc microgrid, whether the bus voltage is stable is a direct indication of whether the active power in the system is in balance. The working modes divided according to the voltage value of the direct current bus are specifically as follows: setting the rated voltage U of the direct current bus to be 380V, and the variation delta U of the voltage of the direct current bus, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit of the fluctuation range of the direct current bus are UH2、UL2The upper and lower limits of the stratified voltage are UH1、UL1The operation mode of the direct-current microgrid is divided into the following operation modes:
working mode 1: fluctuation range | delta U & lt & gtof rated voltage of direct current bus<10V, i.e. at UL1～UH1The distributed power generation unit adopts MPPT control according to the maximum consumption principle of renewable energy power generation in China, the energy storage unit is used as a main control unit to maintain the balance of system power and energy, and the energy router is in a standby state.
The working mode 2 is as follows: when the fluctuation range of the bus voltage is 10V < | delta U | <20V, the supply and demand difference between the power generation unit and the load unit in the microgrid is increased or reduced continuously at the moment, the energy storage unit possibly enters a power limiting state, and the direct-current bus voltage can be maintained to be stable by means of the energy router at the moment. The distributed power supply still works in the MPPT mode.
The working mode can be subdivided into two modes: when the bus voltage is (U)H1，UH2) During intervals, the power in the direct-current micro-grid system is excessive, at the moment, energy can be output to the alternating-current power grid through the energy router, the voltage of a direct-current bus is controlled, and the working mode is defined to be 2-1 at the moment; when the bus voltage is (U)L1，UL2) During the interval, the energy is lacked in the direct current micro-grid system, and at the moment, the alternating current power grid can provide energy for the direct current micro-grid through the energy router, and the working mode is defined as 2-2 at the moment.
If the local load requirement cannot be met and the bus voltage is too low, the energy router adopts load shedding work to maintain the bus voltage stable, and the direct-current micro-grid receives energy through the energy router.
Working mode 3: the excessive power generation of the power generation unit causes the bus voltage to be higher, and the bus voltage range is (U)H2～UH3) In which U isH3For the maximum limit of the voltage fluctuation of the direct-current bus, the energy router works in a power limiting state, and the distributed power generation unit is switched from an MPPT mode to a voltage reduction constant power mode to maintain the power balance of the system.
And step two, designing a control method aiming at each local unit in the direct current micro-grid so as to deal with the switching of different working modes of the system when the voltage of the direct current bus changes.
For energy storage units, adaptive droop control based on SOC is adopted in the text, aiming at tradition
Droop control cannot be improved based on the power distribution characteristics of the energy storage units with different capacities. The conventional droop control equation is expressed as:
Urefi＝U0-kiPrefi (2)
in the formula of UrefiAnd PrefiOutput voltage and output active power, U, of the ith energy storage unit respectively0For a nominal bus reference voltage value, kiThe sag factor.
The sag factor after modification is expressed as:
in the formula, ki' is the improved sag factor; SOCi、SOCmax、SOCminRespectively representing the SOC value and the upper and lower SOC limit values of the energy storage unit; prefi<0 time energy storage unit working in charging mode, Prefi>The energy storage unit operates in a discharge mode at 0. The modified droop control is then expressed as:
Urefi＝U0-k′i Prefi (4)
taking the charging mode as an example: the output voltages of the energy storage units are equal by default, and the following equations (2) to (4) can be obtained:
as can be seen from equation (5) and fig. 4, in the charging mode, the energy storage unit with a larger SOC has a smaller charging power, and in the discharging mode, the energy storage unit with a smaller SOC discharges more slowly, or vice versa. The strategy can effectively realize reasonable distribution of the output power of the energy storage unit and meet the requirement of plug and play.
Considering that the charging and discharging of the stored energy frequently affects the service life of the battery, the stored energy is set to stop charging or discharging when the SOC of the energy storage unit reaches a limit value.
The basic structure of the energy router is shown in fig. 2, and the energy router mainly comprises a rectification stage, an isolation stage (DAB), and an inverter stage, and the research part of the present document mainly includes a direct current microgrid, and therefore does not include an inverter stage. The energy router can realize power exchange between power grids, and meanwhile, the isolation level can ensure the quality of electric energy and the stability of a system. When redundant power exists in the direct current micro-grid, the energy can be transmitted to the alternating current micro-grid through the energy router; when power shortage occurs in the direct current microgrid, the energy router can transmit power to the direct current microgrid through the alternating current microgrid.
Aiming at the rectifying stage of the energy router, a double closed loop feedback control strategy is adopted, the stability of output voltage is ensured, and the response speed is also ensured through double loop control of a voltage loop and a current loop. The mathematical model of the rectification system shows that the voltage and the current of the rectification stage are coupled, so that a voltage and current decoupling module needs to be designed to realize the static-error-free control. The system control is shown in fig. 5, in which,
U0for reference and actual sampled values, i, of the DC-side voltageabcFor an AC-side three-phase input current id、iqD-axis and q-axis current values of the current after dq conversion,
is a d-axis and q-axis reference value of the current inner ring, ud、uqThe d-axis and q-axis voltage values of the three-phase input voltage at the AC side after dq conversion,the voltage value is output by the inner loop.
For the isolation level control, since the isolation level is directly connected to the bus of the dc microgrid, the main objective of the isolation level is to output a stable dc bus voltage. Thus, a double closed loop control is used, as shown in FIG. 5, where U isdc_refIs a reference value of DC bus voltage, UdcIs the actual value of the DC bus voltage, Idc_refIs a reference value of the direct current side current obtained through a voltage outer ring, IdcIs the actual current value.
For the photovoltaic power generation unit, when the direct-current microgrid works in the working mode 3, the photovoltaic power generation unit has residual power, and stable operation of the direct-current microgrid is influenced, so that similar to ER control, the photovoltaic power generation unit is controlled and switched to power reduction constant-voltage control. As shown in FIG. 6, wherein VpvFor photovoltaic power generation unit terminal voltage, IpvFor outputting current to the photovoltaic power generating unit, Ipv_refFor reference current, V, obtained by PI controlpv_refIs a voltage reference value. In order to prove the effectiveness of the coordinated control strategy method, a direct-current microgrid model shown in fig. 1 is built in the embodiment, wherein the direct-current microgrid model comprises 1 group of distributed photovoltaic power generation units and has a rated power of 15 kW; 2 groups of energy storage sources, wherein the rated power of the energy storage unit 1 and the rated power of the energy storage unit 2 are 3kW and 6kW respectively, and the limit range of the charging and discharging safety is limited to 20-90%; all the distributed units are connected to an alternating current large power grid through energy routers, and the rated power of the energy routers is 6 kW. The rated bus voltage of the direct-current micro-grid is set to be 380V, and the divided voltage intervals are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 Voltage level layer interval partitioning
FIG. 7 shows the operation state of the DC microgrid under the condition of photovoltaic fluctuation according to the model of the invention. During an initial state, the power emitted by the distributed photovoltaic units is 8kW, the initial direct current load in the system is 4.5kW, the energy storage units work in a discharging state, the power of the energy storage units 1 and the power of the energy storage units 2 are respectively 1.5kW and 2kW, the SOC values are respectively 70% and 60%, the energy router is in a standby state, at the moment, the system operates in a working mode 1, and the direct current bus voltage is correspondingly 384.4V.
When t is 1s, the power generated by the photovoltaic unit is increased to 12kW, the total power of the direct-current micro-grid system is increased, and the direct-current bus voltage correspondingly rises. The energy storage unit loses control effect on the voltage of the direct current bus and becomes power limiting control, at the moment, the system works in a voltage level layer of a mode 2-1, and the voltage of the direct current bus is increased to about 396.9V. And transmitting the residual power in the system to an alternating current power grid through an energy router, controlling the voltage of a direct current bus to be stable, and enabling the photovoltaic system to work in an MPPT mode.
When t is 2s, the power generation power of the photovoltaic unit is continuously increased to 14.7kW, the voltage of the direct current bus is continuously increased to 407V, the energy router continuously outputs power to the alternating current power grid, and at the moment, the energy router operates in a maximum power state. At this time, in order to maintain power balance in the system, the photovoltaic unit is switched from the MPPT mode to the constant power mode, and controls the dc bus voltage, and at this time, the system operates in the working mode 3.
Meanwhile, when the improved adaptive droop control is adopted, the energy storage unit with the larger SOC bears more output power, the energy storage unit with the smaller SOC outputs less power, and compared with the traditional droop control strategy, the control strategy can reasonably distribute the output power according to the SOC of the energy storage unit.
FIG. 8 shows the operation state of the DC microgrid under the condition of load fluctuation and grid fault according to the model of the invention. In the initial state, the photovoltaic unit does not work, the initial load in the direct current microgrid is 12kW, the energy storage unit provides energy for the load by using the maximum power output, and the SOC of the energy storage unit 1 and the SOC of the energy storage unit 2 are 80% and 70%. Meanwhile, the energy router also transmits power to the microgrid and controls the voltage of the direct current bus, and at the moment, the system runs in a working mode 2-2, and the voltage of the direct current bus is about 366.7V.
When t is 1s, the photovoltaic unit starts to output power, the output power is 13.4kW, the voltage of the direct current bus rises to about 387V, and at the moment, the system works in a mode 1. The energy router does not need to draw power from an alternating current power grid for transmission, and therefore is in a standby state, and the energy storage unit controls the bus voltage.
When t is 2s, the load power in the direct current micro-grid system is reduced by 4kW, the energy router transmits the redundant power in the system to the alternating current grid, the voltage of a direct current bus is controlled to be stable, and the system works in a working mode 2-1.
And when t is 3s, the AC power grid is set to have a fault, the energy router is disconnected from the AC power grid, and the DC micro-grid can operate in an island mode. And when t is 3.6s, the AC power grid recovers to normal operation, and the DC micro-grid can still recover to the operation mode before the fault. Meanwhile, reasonable energy storage unit power output can be realized through improved self-adaptive droop control, and fault conditions occurring in the system can be met.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
dividing different voltage level layers according to the voltage value of a direct current bus of the direct current micro-grid, setting the voltage level layers into various working modes, wherein each working mode is provided with at least one local unit for controlling the voltage of the direct current bus, and keeping the power balance of the system;
a control method is designed for each local unit in the direct-current micro-grid, and different working modes are switched when the voltage of a direct-current bus changes.
2. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current micro-grid according to claim 1, wherein the energy cooperative control method comprises the following stepsIs characterized in that: the working modes are divided according to the voltage value of the direct current bus, and the voltage value of the direct current bus refers to the upper limit U and the lower limit U of the fluctuation range of the direct current busH2～UL2And upper and lower limits U of range of layered voltage valuesH1～UL1。
3. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid according to claim 2, characterized in that: the local unit includes an energy router that connects the direct current microgrid and a utility grid.
4. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current micro-grid according to claim 3, characterized in that: the direct current microgrid comprises a power generation unit, an energy storage unit and a load unit.
5. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current micro-grid according to claim 4, wherein the energy cooperative control method comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is UL1～UH1When the direct current micro-grid is in the working mode, the direct current micro-grid is set to be in a working mode 1; in the working mode 1, the power generation unit adopts MPPT control according to the maximum power consumption principle, the energy storage unit is used as a main control unit to maintain the balance of system power and energy, and the energy router is in a standby state.
6. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is UL1～UH1When the power is in the Maximum Power Point (MPPT) mode, the energy storage unit possibly enters a power limiting state, the voltage of the direct current bus is kept stable by the energy router, the distributed power supply works in the MPPT mode, and at the moment, the direct current micro-grid is in a working mode 2.
7. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current micro-grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is in (U)H1，UH2) When the power is within the range, the power in the direct current micro-grid system is excessive,at the moment, energy can be output to the alternating current power grid through the energy router and the voltage of the direct current bus is controlled, and at the moment, the direct current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-1;
when the voltage value of the direct current bus is in (U)L1，UL2) When the range is within the range, the energy is lacked in the direct current micro-grid system, at the moment, the alternating current micro-grid can provide energy for the direct current micro-grid through the energy router, and at the moment, the direct current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-2.
8. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid according to claim 7, characterized in that: the voltage range of the direct current bus is located in the upper limit U of the direct current bus voltageH2And a maximum limit UH3When the system is in the power limiting state, the energy router works in the power limiting state, and the distributed power generation units are switched from the MPPT mode to the voltage reduction constant power mode to maintain the power balance of the system.
9. The energy cooperative control method for the networked direct-current microgrid according to claim 8, characterized in that: for the energy storage unit, adopting adaptive droop control based on SOC; double-loop control is adopted for a rectification stage of the energy router, and double-closed-loop control of a voltage loop and a current loop is adopted for an isolation stage of the energy router; and aiming at the power generation unit, the power reduction constant voltage control is adopted.
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