CN110649295B - Control method of methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system based on HT-PEM - Google Patents
Control method of methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system based on HT-PEM Download PDFInfo
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- CN110649295B CN110649295B CN201910942998.XA CN201910942998A CN110649295B CN 110649295 B CN110649295 B CN 110649295B CN 201910942998 A CN201910942998 A CN 201910942998A CN 110649295 B CN110649295 B CN 110649295B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of an HT-PEM (HT-PEM) methanol-water fuel cell-based MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system, which is characterized in that the MIMO control of an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell is decomposed into 3 independent SISO (single output system) control loops, the 3 independent SISO control loops work independently and parallelly, and the 3 independent SISO control loops are respectively a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop. The invention simplifies the MIMO control of the prior HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell into 3 independent SISO (single input single output) control systems which are respectively a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop, thereby remarkably simplifying the design and parameter debugging of control software and improving the control effect of the whole system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of methanol-water fuel cells, in particular to a control method of a methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system based on HT-PEM.
Background
The methanol-water fuel cell based on HT-PEM has the characteristics of strong fuel adaptability and high output power density, the general composition of the methanol-water fuel cell is shown in figure 1, in order to ensure that the fuel cell normally works, the reaction temperature of each key part of the fuel cell needs to be controlled within a specified range, and the liquid inlet amount of hydrogen, namely methanol water, needs to be adjusted according to the output power of a galvanic pile. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the chemical reaction, the rotating speeds of the combustion chamber and the galvanic pile oxygen supply fan are required to be controlled, and finally, a cooling liquid circulating pump, a forced heat dissipation fan and the like which are related to the galvanic pile heat balance control are required to be controlled, so that a very complex MIMO (multiple input multiple output) control system is formed.
The existing HT-PEM methanol water fuel cell MIMO system comprises three control loops, namely a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop, wherein the three control loops comprise objects to be controlled: the parameters of the inlet temperature of the combustion chamber, the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber, the inlet temperature of the reforming chamber, the outlet temperature of the reforming chamber, the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile, the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile, the forced heat dissipation temperature of the bottom, the temperature of a cooling liquid heat dissipation system, the output power of the galvanic pile and the like, the feedback signals comprise the temperature sensor signals of all the positions, the pressure signal of the cooling system, the feedback signal of a liquid inlet pump, the feedback signal of a fan and the like, the control output comprises the rotating speed of a liquid inlet pump of the combustion chamber, the rotating speed of a liquid inlet pump of the reforming chamber, a driving signal of a heating device, the rotating speed of a cooling pump, the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan, a forced heat dissipation fan and the like, the existing solution is to design a plurality of different single-input single-output control loops, and each loop is designed with different control and correction links and parameters, so that the design and parameter debugging of control software are complex, and the overall control effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, and provides a control method for an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell-based MIMO system, which simplifies the MIMO control of the conventional HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell into 3 independent SISO (single input single output) control systems, namely, a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop.
Therefore, the invention provides a control method based on an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system, which respectively controls a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop, so that the loops respectively and independently work in parallel.
Further, the operation method of the temperature control loop of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
s2.1: adjusting the control voltage of the combustion chamber heating device to enable the inlet temperature of the fuel cell combustion chamber to reach 172-178 ℃;
s2.2: after the step S2.1 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a methanol-water liquid inlet pump of the combustion chamber of the fuel cell so as to keep the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber between 500 ℃ and 600 ℃;
s2.3: after the step S2.2 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell combustion chamber to enable the inlet temperature of the fuel cell reforming chamber to reach more than 280 ℃;
s2.4: after the step S2.3 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a heat radiation fan of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell to enable the difference between the outlet temperature of the reforming chamber and the inlet temperature of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell to be stabilized between 20 ℃ and 50 ℃;
s2.5: and after the step S2.4 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell combustion chamber to enable the inlet temperature of the fuel cell reforming chamber to be stabilized between 280 ℃ and 300 ℃.
Furthermore, in step S2.1, step S2.2, step S2.3, step S2.4 and step S2.5, a closed-loop control algorithm is used to adjust the parameters, respectively.
Further, the operating method of the fuel cell stack output power control loop comprises the following steps:
s4.1: the outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than 127 ℃ through a heat exchange system between the fuel cell reforming chamber and the fuel cell stack;
s4.2: after the step S4.1 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a methanol water inlet pump of a reforming chamber of the fuel cell to ensure that the temperature of an outlet of the galvanic pile reaches between 165 ℃ and 171 ℃;
s4.3: after the step S4.2 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell stack to enable the output power of the stack to be always kept at the rated power;
s4.4: and obtaining the rotating speed of the methanol-water liquid inlet pump of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell according to the difference between the output power of the galvanic pile and the load power.
Further, in step S4.1, the heat exchange system between the fuel cell reformer and the fuel cell stack automatically performs the thermal energy exchange by liquid cooling, which is controlled by a thermal cycle pump to circulate coolant.
Furthermore, in step S4.2, step S4.3 and step S4.4, a closed-loop control algorithm is used to adjust the parameters, respectively.
Further, the operation method of the control loop of the fuel cell cooling system comprises the following steps:
s7.1: adjusting the rotating speed of a cooling liquid circulating pump of the fuel cell to enable the pressure feedback of a cooling system of the fuel cell to be always kept within a preset pressure range;
s7.2: after the step S7.1 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a cooling liquid circulating pump of the fuel cell to ensure that the difference between the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile and the inlet temperature of the fuel cell is always kept between 2 ℃ and 3 ℃;
s7.3: and after the step S7.2 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a forced cooling fan of the fuel cell stack to enable the outlet temperature of the stack to be lower than 168 ℃ all the time.
Furthermore, in step S7.1, step S7.2 and step S7.3, the parameters are adjusted using a closed-loop control algorithm, respectively.
The control method based on the HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the physical property of the HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell, the MIMO control of the existing HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell is simplified into 3 independent SISO control systems, so that the design and parameter debugging of control software are obviously simplified, and the control effect of the whole system is improved;
2. the temperature control loop of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell is separated, so that the temperature of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell is single, the influence of the output power of a fuel cell stack and the temperature of a fuel cell cooling system during working is avoided, and the hydrogen production process is controlled more accurately;
3. the fuel cell stack output power control loop separates the fuel cell stack from other systems, so that the fuel cell stack is independently operated, and the methanol water input amount cannot be mixed with the temperature control loop of the fuel cell reforming chamber, so that parameters are clear;
4. the control loop of the fuel cell cooling system is separated, so that the cooling temperature is always kept at a fixed value, and the stable operation of the whole system is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall system connection of the prior art based on the control method of the HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop based on a control method of an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a fuel cell stack output power control loop based on a control method of an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a control loop of a fuel cell cooling system based on a control method of an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
Several embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
In the present application, the type and structure of components that are not specified are all the prior art known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can set the components according to the needs of the actual situation, and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a control method based on an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system, which is realized by basic necessary technical characteristics so as to solve the problems provided by the technical background part in the application document.
The invention particularly provides a control method of an HT-PEM methanol water fuel cell MIMO system, which decomposes the MIMO control of the HT-PEM methanol water fuel cell into 3 independent SISO control loops, wherein the 3 independent SISO control loops work independently and parallelly, and the 3 independent SISO control loops are a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop respectively.
In the embodiment, the MIMO control of the existing HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell is simplified into 3 independent SISO control systems according to the physical properties of the HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell, so that the design and parameter debugging of control software are obviously simplified, and the control effect of the whole system is improved.
Example 2
The present embodiment is based on example 1 and optimizes the implementation scheme in example 1, so that the present embodiment is more stable and better in performance during the operation process, but the present embodiment is not limited to the implementation manner described in the present embodiment.
In this embodiment, the closed-loop control algorithm may use a binary control algorithm, a binary control algorithm with a return difference, or a ternary control algorithm.
The input of the temperature control loop of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell in the above embodiment is simplified to:
the first stage, the cold start stage of the fuel cell, the control input of this stage is the control voltage Vh of the combustion chamber heating device, the control output is the fuel cell combustion chamber inlet temperature Th1, the control goal of this stage is to adjust Vh, make Th1 reach 175 ℃ fast, can adopt the routine closed-loop control algorithm to achieve this goal.
For 175 c above, the error can be kept in actual production centered at 175 c, floating up and down at 3 c, i.e. in the range 172 c to 178 c.
And in the second stage, the methanol flameless combustion stage of the fuel cell combustor is controlled to input the rotating speed Sh1 of the methanol water inlet pump of the fuel cell combustor and output the rotating speed Th3 of the methanol water inlet pump of the fuel cell combustor, the Sh1 is regulated in the control target of the stage, and Th3 is always kept at 500-600 ℃, and the aim can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
And in the third stage, the temperature rise stage of the fuel cell reforming chamber is realized, the control input of the temperature rise stage is the rotating speed Sh2 of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell combustion chamber, the control output of the temperature rise stage is the inlet temperature Tr1 of the fuel cell reforming chamber, the control target of the stage is to adjust Sh2, so that Tr1 can quickly reach more than 280 ℃, and the purpose can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
And in the fourth stage, the thermal stabilization stage of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell is characterized in that the control input of the stage is the rotating speed Sr1 of a radiating fan of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell, and the control output of the stage is the difference value Tr2-Tr1 between the inlet temperature Tr1 and the outlet temperature Tr2 of the reforming chamber, the control purpose of the stage is to adjust Sr1, so that Tr2-Tr1 is stabilized in the working range of 20-50 ℃, and the purpose can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
And in the fifth stage, the hydrogen production stage of the fuel cell reforming chamber is realized, the control input of the stage is the rotating speed Sh2 of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell combustion chamber, the control output of the stage is the inlet temperature Tr1 of the fuel cell reforming chamber, the control target of the stage is to adjust Sh2, so that Tr1 is stabilized in a working interval of 280-300 ℃, and the aim can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
The input of the fuel cell stack output power control loop in the above embodiment is simplified to:
the first stage, the preheating stage of the fuel cell stack, the control input of the stage is the outlet temperature Tr2 of the fuel cell reforming chamber, and the control output is the outlet temperature Tf2 of the fuel cell stack, the control of the stage is to make Tf2 be more than 127 ℃, but the control process is automatically completed in a heat exchange system between the fuel cell reforming chamber and the fuel cell stack without human intervention.
The heat exchange system completes heat energy exchange in a liquid cooling mode. The core of the liquid cooling mode is a coolant circulation system controlled by a heat circulation pump. The heat circulating pump enables the coolant to flow through the reforming chamber and the electric pile to absorb heat energy and evenly transfer the heat energy, and the internal temperature of the whole heat exchange system is used to be raised in a balanced mode.
And in the second stage, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is increased, the control input of the stage is the rotating speed Sr2 of a methanol water inlet pump of a reforming chamber of the fuel cell, and the output of the stage is the temperature Tf2 of the stack outlet, the control purpose of the stage is to adjust Sr2 so that Tf2 reaches the maximum temperature of 168 ℃, and the purpose can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
For the 168 ℃ mentioned above, the error can be kept in actual production at 168 ℃ as the center, and the upper and lower ranges are 3 ℃, namely the range is between 165 ℃ and 171 DEG C
And in the third stage, in the full-power generation stage of the fuel cell, the input is controlled to be the rotating speed Sf2 of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell stack, and the output is controlled to be the output power Pf1 of the stack, the control purpose in the stage is to adjust Sf2, so that Pf1 is always kept at the rated power, and the purpose can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
And in the fourth stage, a fuel cell load adjusting stage, the control input is the difference between the output power Pf1 of the fuel cell stack and the load power Pf2, and the control output is the methanol water inlet pump rotating speed Sr2 of the fuel cell reforming chamber, and the control aim is to ensure that the rotating speed change of Sr2 always follows the change of the difference between Pf1 and Pf2, and the aim can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
The control loop input of the fuel cell cooling system in the above embodiment is simplified to:
the first stage is as follows: the working stage of the heat exchange system of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell comprises the control input of the rotating speed Sc1 of a cooling liquid circulating pump of the fuel cell, the control output of the working stage is pressure feedback Fc1 of the cooling system of the fuel cell, and the control aim is to adjust Sc1 so that Fc1 is always kept in a preset pressure range and can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
And a second stage: and (2) a fuel cell stack heat balance stage, wherein the control input of the stage is the rotating speed Sc1 of a fuel cell cooling liquid circulating pump, the control output of the stage is the difference value of the fuel cell stack outlet temperature Tf2 and the fuel cell inlet temperature Tf1, the control purpose is to adjust Sc1, so that the Tf2-Tf1 is always maintained at 2-3 ℃, and the purpose can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
And a third stage: full power output stage of the fuel cell stack: the control input at this stage is the rotating speed Sc2 of the forced cooling fan of the fuel cell stack, and the control output is the outlet temperature Tf2 of the fuel cell stack, the control purpose is to adjust Sc2, Tf2 is always less than 168 ℃, and the purpose can be achieved by adopting a conventional closed-loop control algorithm.
In summary, the invention discloses a control method based on an HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell MIMO system, which decomposes the MIMO control of the HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell into 3 independent SISO control loops, wherein the 3 independent SISO control loops work independently and parallelly, and the 3 independent SISO control loops are respectively a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop. The invention simplifies the MIMO control of the prior HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell into 3 independent SISO (single input single output) control systems which are respectively a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop, thereby remarkably simplifying the design and parameter debugging of control software and improving the control effect of the whole system.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A control method based on HT-PEM methanol water fuel cell MIMO system is characterized in that a fuel cell reforming chamber temperature control loop, a fuel cell stack output power control loop and a fuel cell cooling system control loop are respectively controlled, so that each loop respectively works independently and parallelly;
the working method of the temperature control loop of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
s2.1: adjusting the control voltage of the combustion chamber heating device to enable the inlet temperature of the fuel cell combustion chamber to reach 172-178 ℃;
s2.2: after the step S2.1 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a methanol-water liquid inlet pump of the combustion chamber of the fuel cell so as to keep the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber between 500 ℃ and 600 ℃;
s2.3: after the step S2.2 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell combustion chamber to enable the inlet temperature of the fuel cell reforming chamber to reach more than 280 ℃;
s2.4: after the step S2.3 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a heat radiation fan of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell to enable the difference between the outlet temperature of the reforming chamber and the inlet temperature of the reforming chamber of the fuel cell to be stabilized between 20 ℃ and 50 ℃;
s2.5: after the step S2.4 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell combustion chamber to ensure that the inlet temperature of the fuel cell reforming chamber is stabilized between 280 ℃ and 300 ℃;
the working method of the fuel cell stack output power control loop comprises the following steps:
s4.1: the outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than 127 ℃ through a heat exchange system between the fuel cell reforming chamber and the fuel cell stack;
s4.2: after the step S4.1 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a methanol water inlet pump of a reforming chamber of the fuel cell to ensure that the temperature of an outlet of the galvanic pile reaches between 165 ℃ and 171 ℃;
s4.3: after the step S4.2 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of an oxygen supply fan of the fuel cell stack to enable the output power of the stack to be always kept at the rated power;
s4.4: obtaining the rotating speed of a methanol-water liquid inlet pump of a reforming chamber of the fuel cell according to the difference between the output power of the galvanic pile and the load power;
the working method of the control loop of the fuel cell cooling system comprises the following steps:
s7.1: adjusting the rotating speed of a cooling liquid circulating pump of the fuel cell to enable the pressure feedback of a cooling system of the fuel cell to be always kept within a preset pressure range;
s7.2: after the step S7.1 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a cooling liquid circulating pump of the fuel cell to ensure that the difference between the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile and the inlet temperature of the fuel cell is always kept between 2 ℃ and 3 ℃;
s7.3: and after the step S7.2 is finished, adjusting the rotating speed of a forced cooling fan of the fuel cell stack to enable the outlet temperature of the stack to be lower than 168 ℃ all the time.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2.1, step S2.2, step S2.3, step S2.4 and step S2.5, the adjustment of the parameters is performed by using a closed-loop control algorithm, respectively.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4.1, the heat exchange system between the fuel cell reformer chamber and the fuel cell stack automatically performs the heat energy exchange by a liquid cooling method, and the liquid cooling method is a coolant controlled by a thermal circulation pump to circulate.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4.2, step S4.3 and step S4.4, the parameters are adjusted by using a closed-loop control algorithm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7.1, step S7.2 and step S7.3, the parameters are adjusted by using a closed-loop control algorithm.
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