CN110645915A - Device and method for measuring fish body shape data - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring fish body shape data Download PDFInfo
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- CN110645915A CN110645915A CN201911049907.6A CN201911049907A CN110645915A CN 110645915 A CN110645915 A CN 110645915A CN 201911049907 A CN201911049907 A CN 201911049907A CN 110645915 A CN110645915 A CN 110645915A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring appearance data of a fish body, wherein the device comprises a main shaft, a speed reduction transmission mechanism, a speed increase transmission mechanism, a horizontal movement mechanism, a rotary movement mechanism and a grid ring; the grid ring comprises a plurality of grid bars; one end of the main shaft is connected with a power source, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with the speed reduction transmission mechanism and the speed increase transmission mechanism; the other end of the speed reducing transmission mechanism is connected with a horizontal movement mechanism, and the horizontal movement mechanism is connected with the first end of the grid bar and is used for driving the grid ring to move horizontally through power transmitted by the speed reducing transmission mechanism; the other end of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism is connected with a rotary motion mechanism, and the rotary motion mechanism is connected with the second ends of the grid bars and is used for driving the grid rings to rotate through power transmitted by the speed-increasing transmission mechanism; and a plurality of distance measuring modules are arranged on the grid bars. The rotation and the reciprocating linear motion of the infrared distance measuring module in the plane draw uneven spiral lines on the surface of the fish body, so that the surface data of the fish body can be measured, the external environment interference can be greatly reduced, and the measuring error can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fish body shape measurement, and relates to a device and a method for measuring fish body shape data.
Background
The sea is an important component of a global life support system, the marine environment belongs to one of several extreme environments on the earth, but most diving detection equipment is propeller-propelled at present, has the defects of high energy consumption, low efficiency, difficult steering, poor explosiveness, easy damage and the like, and has unsatisfactory effect. The fishes have evolved in water for a long time, and all parts of the body have evolved into the states most suitable for action in water, so that the research on the motion states of the fishes in the water is clear, and the method has great significance for the development of marine resources and the cleaning of sewer pipes in life. The vast students have great interest in the unsteady fluid mechanics of the fish, and a plurality of related students have certain research on the utilization of the flow field energy of the fish, but the measurement work of the specific shape data of the fish body is not satisfactory, and the shape data of the fish body cannot be accurately and clearly measured. If the data of muscle heave, fin swing and the like of the fish when swimming underwater can be clearly and accurately measured, the posture and the action of the fish when swimming can be accurately simulated on a computer, the swimming of the fish can be reproduced, and the method is greatly helpful for researching a flow field of the fish when swimming and manufacturing the bionic fish.
At present, a photographing method is generally adopted to obtain surface data of a fish body, a high-definition camera is used for continuously photographing pictures of the fish body in a straight line or a static state, a plurality of key points are positioned during subsequent picture processing, then an algorithm and the like are used for carrying out linear fitting on the surface of the fish body, and the appearance of the fish body is reproduced in three-dimensional software through the calculation of a computer. However, because the taken picture belongs to planar two-dimensional data, the measurement of the data is not very accurate, and the measurement of some slight muscle movements of the fish body in the swimming is not accurate or cannot be measured at all, and a plurality of data processing in the later period are calculated and fitted by a mathematical modeling method. However, the scheme has high requirements on corresponding mathematics, related mathematical algorithms and software analysis and application, is easily influenced by external environments such as water quality, smoke and the like, is not easy for beginners to carry out corresponding experiments, and has high requirements on corresponding personnel as a whole.
Another method is to use plaster method, that is, a group of fishes of the same kind and similar size are taken, living bodies are sealed in plaster, after the plaster is cooled and solidified and the fishes die and stand still, the plaster block is dissected, and the solidified plaster block is taken off to measure the data of the surface of the fish body. The method is simple and convenient to operate, but has the defects that the method can only measure the death state of the fish body, is fixed data at a single moment, cannot measure continuous data change on the surface of the fish body, cannot measure continuous data, cannot measure fin movement and posture change of the fish body when the fish body moves forwards and turns, wastes time and labor, is expensive, and is harmful to a large number of lives.
In summary, the existing measurement method has the problems of inaccurate measurement data, time and labor waste and the like, and even if a computer is used for linear simulation, data errors exist, and an ideal measurement effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the measurement data in the fish body appearance measurement process in the prior art is inaccurate, only static fish body data can be measured, the measurement is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the measurement device is complex, and provides a device and a method for measuring fish body appearance data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a measuring device for fish body shape data comprises a main shaft, a speed reduction transmission mechanism, a speed increase transmission mechanism, a horizontal movement mechanism, a rotary movement mechanism and a grid ring; the grid ring comprises a plurality of grid bars; one end of the main shaft is connected with a power source, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with the speed reduction transmission mechanism and the speed increase transmission mechanism; the other end of the speed reducing transmission mechanism is connected with a horizontal movement mechanism, and the horizontal movement mechanism is connected with the first end of the grid bar and is used for driving the grid ring to move horizontally through power transmitted by the speed reducing transmission mechanism; the other end of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism is connected with a rotary motion mechanism, and the rotary motion mechanism is connected with the second ends of the grid bars and is used for driving the grid rings to rotate through power transmitted by the speed-increasing transmission mechanism; and a plurality of distance measuring modules are arranged on the grid bars.
The invention further improves the following steps:
the speed reduction transmission mechanism comprises a first speed reduction gear, a speed reduction shaft, a straight convex shaft, a cam, a support rod, a bearing seat, a spring frame, a fixed support and a working rod; the first reduction gear is sleeved on the main shaft, one end of the reduction shaft is sleeved with the second reduction gear, the other end of the reduction shaft is sleeved with the third reduction gear, and the second reduction gear is meshed with the first reduction gear; a fourth reduction gear is sleeved on the straight convex shaft and meshed with the third reduction gear; one end of the straight convex shaft is connected with the cam; the bearing seat is sleeved on the supporting rod, the bearing seat is connected with the spring frame through the fixing support, the spring frame tightly supports the supporting rod and the cam through the working rod, and one end, far away from the cam, of the supporting rod is connected with the horizontal movement mechanism.
The spring frame comprises a spring frame shell and a plurality of springs; a plurality of spring cavities are arranged in the spring frame shell, and the springs are positioned in the spring cavities; one end of the working rod penetrates through a through hole formed in the spring frame shell to be connected with the spring, and the spring frame shell is connected with the bearing seat through the fixing support.
And one end of the straight convex shaft, which is far away from the cam, is sleeved with a balance cam.
The speed-increasing transmission mechanism comprises a first bevel gear and a straight bevel shaft; the first bevel gear is sleeved on the main shaft, one end of the straight bevel shaft is sleeved with a second bevel gear, the other end of the straight bevel shaft is sleeved with a fifth reduction gear, the second bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear, and the fifth reduction gear is connected with the rotary motion mechanism.
The horizontal movement mechanism comprises a rotary outer ring, a rotary outer ring sleeve, a rotary ring and a wedge-shaped key; the edge of the rotating outer ring is provided with an axial bulge which is fixedly connected with the rotating outer ring sleeve; the rotating ring is positioned in a concave space formed between the rotating outer ring and the rotating outer ring sleeve, the first ends of the grid bars penetrate through rotating ring through holes formed in the rotating ring and are connected with the wedge keys, the wedge keys are used for axial limiting of the grid bars in the rotating ring through holes, and the rotating outer ring is connected with the speed reduction transmission mechanism.
The rotary motion mechanism comprises a rotary gear, a plug ring buckle and a plug ring inner ring; a plurality of rotating gear through holes are formed in the rotating gear, the second ends of the grid bars are connected with the rotating gear through holes, and the grid bars can axially move in the rotating gear through holes; the inner ring of the plug ring is provided with a plug ring groove, the rotating gear is sleeved on the plug ring groove, and the plug ring buckle is connected with the inner ring of the plug ring and used for axial limiting of the rotating gear.
The device also comprises a buffering and shock-absorbing mechanism, wherein the buffering and shock-absorbing mechanism comprises a flywheel and a synchronous belt wheel; the synchronous belt wheel and the flywheel are sleeved on the main shaft, and the synchronous belt wheel is connected with the power source.
The distance measurement module is an infrared distance measurement module, and transparent through pipes are concentrically arranged in the grid ring.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring fish body shape data includes the following steps:
the main shaft is driven to rotate by the power source, the power is transmitted to the horizontal motion mechanism to drive the grid ring to move horizontally by the speed reduction transmission mechanism, the power is transmitted to the rotary motion mechanism to drive the grid ring to move rotationally by the speed increase transmission mechanism, the distance between the surface of a fish body in the grid ring and the distance measurement module is measured in real time by the distance measurement module arranged on the grid strip, and the measurement data of all the distance measurement modules are integrated and analyzed to obtain the appearance data of the fish body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the power is input to the speed reduction transmission mechanism and the speed increase transmission mechanism through the main shaft, the power is transmitted to the horizontal movement mechanism through the speed reduction transmission mechanism, and then the grid ring is driven to horizontally move through the horizontal movement mechanism; the power is transmitted to the rotary motion mechanism through the speed-increasing transmission mechanism, and then the grid ring is driven to rotate through the rotary motion mechanism; when the grid ring moves in the horizontal direction and also rotates in the space, the distance between the surface of the fish body passing through the grid ring and the distance measuring modules is measured through the distance measuring modules arranged on the grid bars, and curve measurement of the three-dimensional surface of the fish body is formed by utilizing the combination of data respectively measured in two degrees of freedom, so that the measurement of the surface data of the fish body is realized. The device is simple to operate, saves time and energy compared with the traditional method, does not damage the fish body, ensures that experimental materials are different during the experiment and errors are not generated, ensures the life safety of the experimental body, and reduces the psychological burden of experimenters. Compared with the traditional measuring method of measuring vertex data and then linearly fitting by using a computer, the device can measure arc data of the surface of the fish body in detail, greatly reduces the interference of the external environment and reduces the measuring error. Compared with the defect that the traditional measuring method can only measure static fish body data, the device can measure data in real time and directly return the data in the form of voltage signals, and the measuring precision is high.
Furthermore, one end of the straight protruding shaft, which is far away from the cam, is sleeved with a balance cam, the balance cam is positioned on the opposite surface of the cam and is positioned on the straight protruding shaft, the balance cam rotates to generate a balance moment, the phase of the balance moment is opposite to that of the impact load when the cam strut group works, and the moment generated when the cam strut group works is balanced, so that the device runs more stably, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
Furthermore, a buffering and shock-absorbing mechanism is arranged, the buffering and shock-absorbing mechanism comprises a flywheel and a synchronous belt wheel, and the motor transmits power to the synchronous belt wheel through a belt, so that the belt transmission has the characteristics of buffering and shock absorption and stable transmission, and the motion stability of the device can be improved; the flywheel generates inertia force through self weight to balance impact load when the cam support rod group works, and the flywheel is used as a main power output point and a load buffering point, so that the running stability of the whole device is improved.
Furthermore, the gate ring is internally concentrically provided with the through pipe, and fish in the transparent through pipe cannot be interfered by external factors.
The method for measuring the fish body appearance data utilizes the spiral line track to measure distance, compares the straight line distance measurement of a single path, is not difficult to obtain, and can approximately equivalently expand the outer surface of the fish body into a rectangle when the length of a single thread pitch is small. Setting the screw pitch of the spiral motion measured in a spiral manner as S1; the length of a path swept by the linear measurement intermediate infrared distance measurement module along the Z axis is also S1; the actual sweeping path length of the infrared ranging module is S2; the helix angle when measured helically is β; in this case, the ideal diameter of the cross section of the fish body is not pi d. According to the formula
It is easy to derive the spiral measurement when helix angle β → 0The coverage surface is infinity times of the linear measurement coverage surface; when the helix angle is
In time, the spiral measurement becomes a straight line measurement. Therefore, through the movement of the horizontal and rotary measuring mechanisms, spiral measurement can be conveniently realized, the adjustment of the size of a spiral angle is further realized by controlling the relative movement speed of the horizontal and rotary measuring mechanisms, the number of infrared ranging modules is effectively reduced under the condition of ensuring the measuring area and the measuring effect, the reliability and the testing precision of the measuring equipment are improved to a certain extent, and the measuring equipment has a certain application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the integrated device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cam stay of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the spring carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the spring carrier and bearing block construction of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the rotary motion device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 8 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of the horizontal motion device of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 10 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an equivalent expanded view of the outer surface of the fish body of the present invention;
figure 13 is a graph of the effect of the helix angle of the present invention on the measured coverage.
Wherein: 1-grid bar; 2-rotating the outer ring; 3-rotating the outer ring sleeve; 4-pipe passing; 5, bearing seats; 6-a spring frame; 7-a stay bar; 8-fixing a bracket; 9-a cam; 10-a fourth reduction gear; 11-straight convex shaft; 12-a balance cam; 13-a third reduction gear; 14-a reduction shaft; 15-a second reduction gear; 16-a synchronous pulley; 17-a flywheel; 18-a first reduction gear; 19-a main shaft; 20-a first bevel gear; 21-a second bevel gear; 22-straight conical shaft; 23-a fifth reduction gear; 24-a rotating gear; 25-plug ring buckle; 26-inner ring of plug ring; 27-a spring; 28-a working rod; 29-spring holder housing; 30-rotating ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, the device for measuring the fish body shape data of the invention comprises a transmission mechanism, a motion mechanism, a buffering and shock absorbing mechanism, a main shaft 19 and a grid ring consisting of a plurality of grid bars 1, wherein the grid bars 1 are provided with a plurality of distance measuring modules; the transmission mechanism consists of a speed reduction transmission mechanism and a speed increase transmission mechanism, and the movement mechanism comprises a horizontal movement mechanism and a rotary movement mechanism; when the fish moves in a natural state, an uneven spiral line is drawn on the surface of the fish body through the rotation of the infrared ranging module on the grid 1 in an XOY plane and the reciprocating linear motion along a Z axis, and then the surface data of the fish body is measured.
The speed reduction transmission mechanism comprises a second speed reduction gear 15, a speed reduction shaft 14, a third speed reduction gear 13, a fourth speed reduction gear 10, a straight convex shaft 11, a cam 9, a balance cam 12, a support rod 7, a spring frame 6, a bearing seat 5, a working rod 28 and a fixed support 8. The second reduction gear 14 fixed on the reduction shaft 14 is meshed with the first reduction gear 18, and the other end of the reduction shaft 14 is provided with a third reduction gear 13; the fourth reduction gear 10 fixed on the straight protruding shaft 11 is meshed with the third reduction gear 13, and the cam 9 and the balance cam 12 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the straight protruding shaft 11. Referring to fig. 5, the brace 7 and the cam 9 form a cam brace group which makes reciprocating linear motion to realize the conversion from high rotating speed of the gear to slow horizontal reciprocating linear motion, the cam 9 and the fourth deceleration spur gear 10 are positioned on the straight convex shaft 11, when the gear works, the rotating motion of the fourth deceleration spur gear 10 is changed into the motion with regular horizontal direction, and the brace 7 is matched with the cam 9 to horizontally move the distance difference generated by the phase difference on the cam 9 to generate regular horizontal power and displacement. The balance cam 12 is positioned on the opposite surface of the cam 9 and on the straight convex shaft 11, the balance cam 12 rotates to generate a balance moment, the phase of the balance moment is opposite to that of the impact load when the cam strut group works, and the balance moment is generated when the cam strut group works.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the top of the stay bar 7 is fixed by a spring frame assembly device, the spring frame assembly device is used for fixing the relative positions of the spring frame 6 and the bearing seat 5, the spring frame assembly device comprises the spring frame 6, a working rod 28, a fixing support 8 and the bearing seat 5, and the spring frame 6 comprises a spring frame shell 29 and a plurality of springs 27. The spring frame 6 consists of five parts, 3 square hollows are arranged in a spring frame shell 29, the spring frame shell is used for installing a spring 27 and positioning and matching the movement of the working rod 28 at the same time, and the spring frame shell plays a role of a guide rail in the reciprocating movement of the working rod 28; the spring 27 is installed in a hollow position inside the housing and is used for providing a stable spring force for the working rod 28, ensuring the tight contact between the working rod 28 and the stay bar 7, and finally ensuring the contact between the other end of the stay bar 7 and the surface of the cam 9, and the relative position between the spring frame housing 29 and the bearing seat 5 is fixed by welding the fixing support 8.
The speed increasing transmission mechanism includes a first bevel gear 20, a second bevel gear 21, a straight bevel shaft 22, and a fifth reduction gear 23. The second bevel gear 21 on the straight bevel shaft 22 is meshed with the big first bevel gear 20 on the main shaft 19, the fifth reduction gear 23 is arranged at the other end of the straight bevel shaft 22 and is meshed with the rotating gear 24 of the rotary motion mechanism, and the process of driving the grid ring to rotate is achieved.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the rotary motion mechanism includes a rotary gear 24, a plug ring buckle 25, and a plug ring inner ring 26. Through grooves are uniformly formed in the radial plate of the rotating gear 24, and grid bars 1 are installed; the inner ring 26 of the plug ring is tightly matched with the through pipe 4, the relatively fixed spatial position is kept, the diameter of an inner groove of the inner ring 26 of the plug ring is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the rotary gear 24, and clearance fit is formed between the inner surface and the outer surface of the inner ring, so that the rotary gear 24 can relatively rotate in a ring groove of the inner ring 26 of the plug ring; the axial movement of the rotary gear 24 is limited by the plug ring inner ring 26 with the L-shaped section, and the axial movement of the rotary gear 24 is also limited by the plug ring buckle 25 positioned at the other side, so that the rotary gear 24 rotates and drives the grid bars 1 to rotate around the Z axis in the XOY plane.
Referring to fig. 10 and 11, the horizontal movement mechanism includes a rotary outer ring 2, a rotary outer ring housing 3, a wedge key, a rotary ring 30, and a grating ring. The grid ring comprises a plurality of grid bars 1 which are annularly arranged, through pipes 4 are concentrically arranged in the grid ring, the transparent through pipes 4 are positioned inside the grid ring formed by the grid bars 1, and fish is positioned in the transparent through pipes 4 and cannot be interfered by external factors. The thickness of one end of the grid bar 1 is reduced by half, which is beneficial to installing a wedge-shaped key, and further fixing the relative position of the grid bar 1 and the rotating ring 30; the rotating outer ring sleeve 3 is fixedly connected with the rotating outer ring 2, the rotating ring 30 is placed in a concave space formed by the rotating outer ring sleeve 3 and the rotating outer ring 2, so that the relative movement of the rotating ring 30 along the Z axis is limited, the rotating outer ring 2 is connected with the support rod 7, and the support rod 7 is driven to reciprocate linearly along the Z axis direction due to the rotating movement of the cam 9.
The buffering and shock absorbing mechanism comprises a flywheel 17 and a synchronous pulley 16, the synchronous pulley 16 is fixed on a main shaft 19 and transmits power, and the flywheel 17, a first reduction gear 18 and a first bevel gear 20 are sequentially arranged along the main shaft 19. The motor transmits power to the synchronous belt wheel 16 through a belt, and the belt transmission has the characteristics of buffering, shock absorption and stable transmission, so that the motion stability of the device can be improved; the flywheel 17 generates inertia force to balance the impact load when the cam strut group works through self weight, and the flywheel 17 is used as a main power output point and a load buffering point.
The grid bars 1 are made of aluminum alloy, the thickness of one end of each grid bar 1 is reduced by half, a through groove is formed in the position where the distance between the grid bars 1 and the thickness is reduced by half by 10mm, a wedge-shaped key is arranged, the relative position of each grid bar 1 and the rotating ring 30 is limited, and the grid bars 1 are prevented from falling off; the other end of the grid 1 has constant thickness and is matched with a rotary gear 24 with a through groove; the horizontal relative distance can be changed, and when the rotating gear 24 rotates, the rotating ring 30 can be driven to rotate by the strength of the grid 1. The infrared distance measurement module is installed on the grid bars 1 at equal intervals, and the infrared distance measurement module realizes spiral line type motion along with the grid bars 1, namely, the infrared distance measurement module does reciprocating linear motion along the Z axis while doing circular motion of an XOY plane around the through pipe 4.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the fish body appearance data, which comprises the following steps:
the main shaft 19 is driven to rotate by a power source, power is transmitted to the horizontal motion mechanism through the speed reduction transmission mechanism to drive the grid ring to move horizontally, power is transmitted to the rotary motion mechanism through the speed reduction transmission mechanism to drive the grid ring to move rotationally, the distance between the surface of a fish body in the grid ring and the distance measurement module is measured in real time through the distance measurement module arranged on the grid strip 1, and the measurement data of all the distance measurement modules are integrated and analyzed to obtain the appearance data of the fish body.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the motor transmits power to the synchronous belt wheel 16 on the main shaft 19 through a belt to drive the flywheel 17 to stably and regularly rotate, and the flywheel 17 transmits continuous and stable power along the first bevel gear 20 and the first reduction gear 18 respectively. Wherein, the second bevel gear 21 causes the rotation speed to increase through the meshing with the first bevel gear 20; the power is transmitted to a fifth reduction gear 23 through a straight conical shaft 22, the fifth reduction gear 23 is meshed with a rotating gear 24, the rotating speed of the rotating gear 24 is reduced, and the grid bars 1 are driven to rotate around the cylindrical surface of the through pipe 4 and do not interfere with the movement of the grid bars 1 in the horizontal direction; and the diameter of the rotating gear 24 is prevented from being too large by taking a proper speed-increasing and speed-reducing transmission ratio, so that the device is convenient to manufacture and install.
The second reduction gear 15 transmits the distributed stable regular power from the flywheel 17 to the third reduction gear 13 through the reduction shaft 14, the power is further transmitted to the fourth reduction gear 10 through mutual meshing between the gears, the cam 9 and the balance cam 12 are respectively installed on the straight convex shaft 11 where the fourth reduction gear 10 is located, the cam 9 and the brace rod 7 form a cam-brace rod combination, the balance cam 12 offsets unequal moments generated by the cam 9, and the service life of the device is prolonged. The other end of the stay bar 7 is connected with a working rod 28, the working rod 28 is powered by three springs 27 in the spring frame 6, and the stay bar 7 is forced to be rightwards at one moment so as to force the other end of the stay bar 7 to be always close to the cam 9; the spring frame 6 and the bearing seat 5 are connected through the fixing bracket 8, and the relative positions of the spring frame and the bearing seat are kept unchanged; the cam stay bar combination changes the power of the rotation around the shaft into the linear motion reciprocating along the horizontal direction, and is fixedly connected with the rotating outer ring 2 through the stay bar 7, so that the outer ring 2 is driven by the rotating ring 30 to horizontally move along the Z axis.
In order to realize data acquisition along the Z-axis direction, the thickness of one end of the grid bar 1 is halved, and a wedge-shaped key is arranged in the grid bar 1, so that the relative position of the grid bar 1 and the rotating ring 30 is fixed; the rotating outer ring sleeve 3 is fixedly connected with the rotating outer ring 2, and the rotating ring 30 is placed in a concave space formed by the rotating outer ring sleeve and the rotating outer ring 2, so that the rotating ring 30 and the rotating outer ring 2 move synchronously. The rotating outer ring 2 is connected with the support rod 7, and due to the rotating motion of the cam 9, the support rod 7 is driven to do reciprocating linear motion along the Z-axis direction, and then the rotating ring 30 and the rotating outer ring 2 are driven to do reciprocating linear motion along the Z-axis direction, so that data acquisition along the Z-axis direction is realized.
In order to realize data acquisition of an XOY plane, through grooves are uniformly formed in a spoke plate of the rotating gear 24, the grid bars 1 are installed, the plug ring inner ring 26 is located between the rotating gear 24 and the through pipe 4, the plug ring inner ring 26 with the L-shaped section limits gear movement, and the plug ring buckle 25 is located on the other side and also limits movement along the Z axis. And the rotating gear 24 and the plug ring buckle 26 are in clearance fit, and the rotating gear 24 drives the grid bars 1 to rotate around the Z axis in the XOY plane while rotating, so that the data acquisition of the XOY plane is realized.
Through grooves are arranged on the rotating gear 24 and the rotating ring 30 at intervals of 45 degrees, 8 grid bars are arranged, infrared distance measuring modules are arranged on the grid bars 1 at equal intervals, N infrared distance measuring modules are supposed to be arranged, namely at the same time, the combination of the N infrared distance measuring modules measures the distance between points on the surface of N fish bodies, which are just faced by the infrared distance measuring modules, and the points of the infrared distance measuring modules are far away from the points of the infrared signal receiving positions of the N infrared distance measuring modules, in a period of time when the grid bars 1 move, the N point distances can change along with the different positions of the infrared distance measuring modules, which are scanned on the surface of the fish body, and the movement of the fish body per se, because the grid bars 1 move on two degrees of freedom, the movement track of the infrared distance measuring modules in a three-dimensional space is a spiral line with a constant radius when the infrared distance measuring modules move, and infrared rays emitted by the infrared distance measuring modules can draw uneven spiral lines on the surface of the fish body around a Z axis, the curve measurement of the three-dimensional surface of the fish body is formed by combining the data respectively measured in the two degrees of freedom, so that the measurement of the surface data of the fish body is realized.
The device is simple to operate, saves time and energy compared with the traditional method, does not damage the fish body, ensures that experimental materials are different during the experiment and errors are not generated, ensures the life safety of the experimental body, and reduces the psychological burden of experimenters. Compared with the traditional measuring method (measuring vertex data and then linearly fitting by using a computer), the method can measure the arc data of the surface of the fish body in detail, greatly reduce the interference of the external environment and reduce the measuring error. Compared with the defect that the traditional measuring method can only measure static fish body data, the device can measure data in real time and directly return the data in the form of voltage signals, and the measuring precision is high.
Referring to fig. 12 and 13, the method for measuring the fish body shape data of the invention utilizes the spiral line track to measure distance, compares the straight line distance measurement of a single path, and can obtain the distance easily, when the length of a single thread pitch is very small, approximately equivalently unfold the outer surface of the fish body at the moment into the shape of a single thread pitchRectangular. Setting the screw pitch of the spiral motion measured in a spiral manner as S1; the length of a path swept by the linear measurement intermediate infrared distance measurement module along the Z axis is also S1; the actual sweeping path length of the infrared ranging module is S2; the helix angle when measured helically is β; in this case, the ideal diameter of the cross section of the fish body is not pi d. According to the formula
It is easy to find that when the helix angle β → 0, the coverage surface for the helical measurement is ∞ times the coverage surface for the linear measurement; when the helix angle is
In time, the spiral measurement becomes a straight line measurement. Therefore, through the movement of the horizontal and rotary measuring mechanisms, spiral measurement can be conveniently realized, the adjustment of the size of a spiral angle is further realized by controlling the relative movement speed of the horizontal and rotary measuring mechanisms, the number of infrared ranging modules is effectively reduced under the condition of ensuring the measuring area and the measuring effect, the reliability and the testing precision of the measuring equipment are improved to a certain extent, and the measuring equipment has a certain application prospect.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A measuring device for fish body appearance data is characterized by comprising a main shaft (19), a speed reduction transmission mechanism, a speed increase transmission mechanism, a horizontal movement mechanism, a rotary movement mechanism and a grid ring; the grid ring comprises a plurality of grid bars (1);
one end of the main shaft (19) is connected with a power source, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with the speed reduction transmission mechanism and the speed increase transmission mechanism;
the other end of the speed reducing transmission mechanism is connected with a horizontal movement mechanism, and the horizontal movement mechanism is connected with the first end of the grid bar (1) and is used for driving the grid ring to move horizontally through power transmitted by the speed reducing transmission mechanism;
the other end of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism is connected with a rotary motion mechanism, and the rotary motion mechanism is connected with the second end of the grid bar (1) and is used for driving the grid ring to rotate through power transmitted by the speed-increasing transmission mechanism;
the grid bars (1) are provided with a plurality of distance measuring modules.
2. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the reduction transmission mechanism comprises a first reduction gear (18), a reduction shaft (14), a straight protruding shaft (11), a cam (9), a stay bar (7), a bearing seat (5), a spring frame (6), a fixed bracket (8) and a working rod (28);
the first reduction gear (18) is sleeved on the main shaft (19), one end of the reduction shaft (14) is sleeved with the second reduction gear (15), the other end of the reduction shaft is sleeved with the third reduction gear (13), and the second reduction gear (15) is meshed with the first reduction gear (18); a fourth reduction gear (10) is sleeved on the straight convex shaft (11), and the fourth reduction gear (10) is meshed with the third reduction gear (13); one end of the straight convex shaft (11) is connected with the cam (9);
bearing frame (5) are established to the cover on vaulting pole (7), and spring frame (6) are connected through fixed bolster (8) in bearing frame (5), and spring frame (6) are tight with vaulting pole (7) and cam (9) top through working beam (28), and the one end that cam (9) were kept away from in vaulting pole (7) is connected with the horizontal movement mechanism.
3. Fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring holder (6) comprises a spring holder housing (29) and a number of springs (27);
a plurality of spring cavities are arranged in the spring frame shell (29), and the springs (27) are positioned in the spring cavities; one end of the working rod (28) penetrates through a through hole formed in the spring frame shell (29) to be connected with the spring (27), and the spring frame shell (29) is connected with the bearing seat (5) through the fixing support (8).
4. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the end of the straight protruding shaft (11) away from the cam (9) is sleeved with a balance cam (12).
5. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the speed increasing transmission mechanism comprises a first bevel gear (20) and a straight bevel shaft (22);
the first bevel gear (20) is sleeved on the main shaft (19), one end of the straight bevel shaft (22) is sleeved with the second bevel gear (21), the other end of the straight bevel shaft is sleeved with the fifth reduction gear (23), the second bevel gear (21) is meshed with the first bevel gear (20), and the fifth reduction gear (23) is connected with the rotary motion mechanism.
6. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal movement mechanism comprises a rotary outer ring (2), a rotary outer ring sleeve (3), a rotary ring (30) and a wedge key;
the edge of the rotating outer ring (2) is provided with an axial bulge which is fixedly connected with the rotating outer ring sleeve (3); the rotating ring (30) is positioned in a concave space formed between the rotating outer ring (2) and the rotating outer ring sleeve (3), the first end of the grid bar (1) penetrates through a rotating ring through hole formed in the rotating ring (30) to be connected with a wedge key, the wedge key is used for axial limiting of the grid bar (1) in the rotating ring through hole, and the rotating outer ring (2) is connected with a speed reduction transmission mechanism.
7. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating movement mechanism comprises a rotating gear (24), a plug ring buckle (25) and a plug ring inner ring (26);
a plurality of rotating gear through holes are formed in the rotating gear (24), the second ends of the grid bars (1) are connected with the rotating gear (24) through the rotating gear through holes, and the grid bars (1) can axially move in the rotating gear through holes;
a plug ring groove is formed in the plug ring inner ring (26), the rotating gear (24) is sleeved on the plug ring groove, and the plug ring buckle (25) is connected with the plug ring inner ring (26) and used for axial limiting of the rotating gear (24).
8. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising a buffer shock-absorbing mechanism, wherein the buffer shock-absorbing mechanism comprises a flywheel (17) and a synchronous pulley (16);
the synchronous belt wheel (16) and the flywheel (17) are sleeved on the main shaft (19), and the synchronous belt wheel (16) is connected with a power source.
9. The fish body shape data measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring module is an infrared distance measuring module, and a transparent through pipe (4) is concentrically arranged in the grid ring.
10. A method for measuring the shape data of a fish body based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:
the main shaft (19) is driven to rotate through a power source, power is transmitted to the horizontal motion mechanism through the speed reduction transmission mechanism to drive the grid ring to move horizontally, power is transmitted to the rotary motion mechanism through the speed reduction transmission mechanism to drive the grid ring to move rotationally, the distance between the surface of a fish body in the grid ring and the distance measurement module is measured in real time through the distance measurement module arranged on the grid bar (1), and the measurement data of all the distance measurement modules are integrated and analyzed to obtain the appearance data of the fish body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911049907.6A CN110645915A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Device and method for measuring fish body shape data |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911049907.6A CN110645915A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Device and method for measuring fish body shape data |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111521365A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Adjustable frequency and phase unsteady flow control experimental device based on rotary slot grating |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111521365A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Adjustable frequency and phase unsteady flow control experimental device based on rotary slot grating |
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