Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide modified waste aluminum for improving the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy aiming at the existing problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the modified waste aluminum for improving the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is obtained by carrying out composite grinding on nitride, waste aluminum powder and copper powder.
As a further technical scheme, the mixing mass ratio of the nitride to the waste aluminum powder to the copper powder is 3-5:12: 1.
As a further technical scheme, the nitride is formed by mixing silicon nitride and titanium nitride according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the modified waste aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) evenly dividing waste aluminum powder into two parts with equal quantity ab, evenly mixing a part of waste aluminum powder and silicon nitride, then adding glycerol with the total mass 5 times of that of the mixture, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1min, grinding for 2 hours according to a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1, then filtering and drying to obtain a mixed material 1;
(2) uniformly mixing b parts of waste aluminum powder and titanium nitride, adding the mixture into polyethylene glycol with the total mass being 5 times of the mixed mass, grinding for 1 hour according to the ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, and drying to obtain a mixed material 2;
(3) and mixing the mixed materials 1 and 2, adding copper powder, mixing with polyethylene glycol which is 5 times of the total mass of the mixed materials, grinding for 30min at a ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, drying to constant weight, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain the copper-based catalyst.
As a further technical scheme, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30kHz, and the power is 500W.
As a further technical scheme, the mixing ratio of the modified waste aluminum to the aluminum alloy is 1-1.5: 100.
As a further technical scheme, the modified waste aluminum is added in an aluminum alloy molten state, stirred for 30min, then cast and molded, cooled and then subjected to heat treatment, and the aluminum alloy is obtained.
As a further technical scheme, the pouring is performed at 730 ℃.
As a further technical scheme, the heat treatment is carried out at 510-520 ℃ for 5 hours, and water quenching is carried out by using water at 75 ℃.
Has the advantages that: the modified aluminum scrap prepared by the method can obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, and when no nitride is added into the modified aluminum scrap or only titanium nitride is adopted as the nitride, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced, so that the silicon nitride and the titanium nitride in a certain mass ratio have an obvious synergistic effect, and the corrosion resistance of the prepared modified aluminum scrap can be greatly improved. The chloride ions are active ions with quite strong adsorption capacity, and have the characteristics of small radius, strong penetrating power, capability of chemically damaging an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy, solution conductivity enhancement and the like, so that the surface of the aluminum alloy is corroded, the modified waste aluminum is added, the chloride ions can be effectively blocked, the destructive effect of the chloride ions on the surface of an aluminum alloy matrix is reduced, intergranular corrosion is generated through a crystal boundary transversely parallel to the surface of the matrix, the matrix is separated in various layers, the intergranular corrosion of the aluminum alloy hardly causes weight change, the weight change is not easy to be discovered by naked eyes, but the bonding force of internal crystal grains of the aluminum alloy is damaged, and the mechanical property is reduced, the grain refining effect can be remarkably improved, the average crystal grain radius is reduced, the average crystal radius can be reduced to about 89.2 mu m, the grain reduction degree is about 55 percent smaller than that before modified waste aluminum is not added, and meanwhile, eutectic silicon in the aluminum alloy is changed from long rod-shaped or needle-shaped with edges and corners which are unevenly distributed into point-shaped and evenly distributed among the crystal grains, the silicon phase and the alpha-Al matrix are combined more tightly, the area of the cathode phase is reduced, so that the bonding force among the crystal grains can be obviously improved, and the occurrence of intergranular corrosion and the damage of chloride ions is reduced.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The modified waste aluminum for improving the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is obtained by carrying out composite grinding on nitride, waste aluminum powder and copper powder.
According to a further technical scheme, the mixing mass ratio of the nitride to the waste aluminum powder to the copper powder is 3:12: 1.
As a further technical scheme, the nitride is formed by mixing silicon nitride and titanium nitride according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the modified waste aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) evenly dividing waste aluminum powder into two parts with equal quantity ab, evenly mixing a part of waste aluminum powder and silicon nitride, then adding glycerol with the total mass 5 times of that of the mixture, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1min, grinding for 2 hours according to a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1, then filtering and drying to obtain a mixed material 1;
(2) uniformly mixing b parts of waste aluminum powder and titanium nitride, adding the mixture into polyethylene glycol with the total mass being 5 times of the mixed mass, grinding for 1 hour according to the ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, and drying to obtain a mixed material 2;
(3) and mixing the mixed materials 1 and 2, adding copper powder, mixing with polyethylene glycol which is 5 times of the total mass of the mixed materials, grinding for 30min at a ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, drying to constant weight, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain the copper-based catalyst.
As a further technical scheme, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30kHz, and the power is 500W.
As a further technical scheme, the mixing ratio of the modified waste aluminum to the aluminum alloy is 1: 100.
As a further technical scheme, the modified waste aluminum is added in an aluminum alloy molten state, stirred for 30min, then cast and molded, cooled and then subjected to heat treatment, and the aluminum alloy is obtained.
As a further technical scheme, the pouring is performed at 730 ℃.
As a further technical scheme, the heat treatment is carried out for 5 hours at 510 ℃, and water quenching is carried out by adopting water at 75 ℃.
Example 2
The modified waste aluminum for improving the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is obtained by carrying out composite grinding on nitride, waste aluminum powder and copper powder.
According to a further technical scheme, the mixing mass ratio of the nitride to the waste aluminum powder to the copper powder is 5:12: 1.
As a further technical scheme, the nitride is formed by mixing silicon nitride and titanium nitride according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the modified waste aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) evenly dividing waste aluminum powder into two parts with equal quantity ab, evenly mixing a part of waste aluminum powder and silicon nitride, then adding glycerol with the total mass 5 times of that of the mixture, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1min, grinding for 2 hours according to a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1, then filtering and drying to obtain a mixed material 1;
(2) uniformly mixing b parts of waste aluminum powder and titanium nitride, adding the mixture into polyethylene glycol with the total mass being 5 times of the mixed mass, grinding for 1 hour according to the ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, and drying to obtain a mixed material 2;
(3) and mixing the mixed materials 1 and 2, adding copper powder, mixing with polyethylene glycol which is 5 times of the total mass of the mixed materials, grinding for 30min at a ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, drying to constant weight, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain the copper-based catalyst.
As a further technical scheme, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30kHz, and the power is 500W.
As a further technical scheme, the mixing ratio of the modified waste aluminum to the aluminum alloy is 1.5: 100.
As a further technical scheme, the modified waste aluminum is added in an aluminum alloy molten state, stirred for 30min, then cast and molded, cooled and then subjected to heat treatment, and the aluminum alloy is obtained.
As a further technical scheme, the pouring is performed at 730 ℃.
As a further technical scheme, the heat treatment is carried out for 5 hours at 520 ℃, and water quenching is carried out by adopting water at 75 ℃.
Example 3
The modified waste aluminum for improving the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is obtained by carrying out composite grinding on nitride, waste aluminum powder and copper powder.
According to a further technical scheme, the mixing mass ratio of the nitride to the waste aluminum powder to the copper powder is 4:12: 1.
As a further technical scheme, the nitride is formed by mixing silicon nitride and titanium nitride according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the modified waste aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) evenly dividing waste aluminum powder into two parts with equal quantity ab, evenly mixing a part of waste aluminum powder and silicon nitride, then adding glycerol with the total mass 5 times of that of the mixture, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1min, grinding for 2 hours according to a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1, then filtering and drying to obtain a mixed material 1;
(2) uniformly mixing b parts of waste aluminum powder and titanium nitride, adding the mixture into polyethylene glycol with the total mass being 5 times of the mixed mass, grinding for 1 hour according to the ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, and drying to obtain a mixed material 2;
(3) and mixing the mixed materials 1 and 2, adding copper powder, mixing with polyethylene glycol which is 5 times of the total mass of the mixed materials, grinding for 30min at a ball-to-material ratio of 25:1, filtering, drying to constant weight, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain the copper-based catalyst.
As a further technical scheme, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30kHz, and the power is 500W.
As a further technical scheme, the mixing ratio of the modified waste aluminum to the aluminum alloy is 1.2: 100.
As a further technical scheme, the modified waste aluminum is added in an aluminum alloy molten state, stirred for 30min, then cast and molded, cooled and then subjected to heat treatment, and the aluminum alloy is obtained.
As a further technical scheme, the pouring is performed at 730 ℃.
As a further technical scheme, the heat treatment is carried out for 5 hours at 514 ℃, and water quenching is carried out by adopting water at 75 ℃.
Salt spray corrosion resistance:
the corrosion test was carried out in a FQY010A salt spray test box according to the GJB150.11 standard:
the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 5 percent;
weight loss rate = (m 1-m 2)/m × 100%;
m1 mass g before corrosion;
m2 mass g after corrosion;
corrosion rate = (m 1-m 2)/St;
the corrosion rate g/m is higher than h;
m1 mass g before corrosion;
m2 mass g after corrosion;
the surface area m of the S sample exposed in the corrosive environment is shown;
t, sample corrosion time h;
samples of 6063 aluminum alloy with the same specification are adopted and modified respectively by the embodiment and the comparative example, 10 samples are obtained in each group, and the results are averaged;
TABLE 1
Comparative example 1: only differs from the example 1 in that no nitride is added to the modified aluminum scrap;
comparative example 2: only differs from the embodiment 1 in that only titanium nitride is used as the nitride in the waste aluminum;
as can be seen from table 1, the modified aluminum scrap prepared by the method can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, and when no nitride is added to the modified aluminum scrap or only titanium nitride is used as the nitride, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is significantly reduced, so that silicon nitride and titanium nitride in a certain mass ratio have a significant synergistic effect, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be greatly improved by the prepared modified aluminum scrap.