CN110643371A

CN110643371A - Soil conditioner and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110643371A
Application number: CN201911005218.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘善良; 常春丽; 朱永红; 蒲加兴; 蒲加军; 周涛
Original assignee: Shike Biotechnology (shanghai) Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shike Biotechnology (shanghai) Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-22
Filing date: 2019-10-22
Publication date: 2020-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-22
Also published as: CN110643371B

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of pyroligneous, 50-70 parts of rotten cooked tail vegetable and 10-30 parts of filler. The soil conditioner is prepared by compounding wood vinegar, a waste vegetable decomposed material and a filler according to a certain proportion, and the three components are matched with each other to realize synergistic interaction, so that the salinization of soil can be effectively repaired and improved; in addition, the wood vinegar in the soil conditioner is obtained by carbonizing fruit tree branches, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering, and the tail vegetable rotten clinker is obtained by fermenting greenhouse tail vegetables, so that agricultural organic wastes are effectively utilized, the resource recycling is realized, and the soil conditioner is environment-friendly and efficient.

Description

Soil conditioner and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The saline-alkali soil is various saline soil and alkaline earthAnd the general names of salinized and alkalized soils of different degrees. As the soil contains a large amount of saline-alkali components and has poor physicochemical properties, the plant growth is inhibited, and the total area of the saline-alkali soil resources in China is about 3467 multiplied by 10 according to the statistical data of the second national census of the Ministry of agriculture⁴hm²The area of the saline-alkali soil which is reclaimed and planted at present is only 577 multiplied by 10⁴hm²The salinization area in the cultivated land reaches 920.9 multiplied by 10⁴hm²It accounts for about 6.62% of the total area of the farmland.

The agricultural organic waste mainly takes livestock and poultry manure, crop straws, fruit tree branches, tailstocks, mushroom dregs and the like as main materials, wherein the livestock and poultry manure, the tailstocks and the mushroom dregs are generally subjected to resource recycling in a composting fermentation mode, the fruit tree branches are difficult to decompose and become difficult to utilize as resources due to high lignin content, and the fruit tree branches are mainly treated in a crushing covering or burying mode at present, so that the resource utilization efficiency is low and the effect is poor.

The prior art discloses a plurality of technical schemes for treating soil salinization, and CN109912347A discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which consists of sulfur powder, fulvic acid, citric acid or oxalic acid, potassium humate, medical stone, wood vinegar, urea phosphate, organic thoroughly-decomposed fertilizer, acidified attapulgite clay particles, acidified straws, desulfurized gypsum, vitamins, a traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution and water.

CN107974253A discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of phosphogypsum, 28-38 parts of humic acid, 22-30 parts of wood vinegar, 20-28 parts of fly ash, 20-28 parts of furfural residue, 18-24 parts of clay mineral, 12-20 parts of polyacrylamide, 4-6 parts of siloxane and 26-36 parts of distilled water.

The soil conditioners in the two patent documents have the function of repairing saline-alkali soil, but the components are complex, and the wood vinegar used in the formula is a byproduct of industrial charcoal making, so that the components and the performance are unstable due to different material sources, material compositions, carbonization processes and purification processes, and the conditioning effect on the saline-alkali soil is easily influenced.

Therefore, how to comprehensively develop and utilize agricultural organic wastes to improve the saline-alkali soil not only can improve the resource utilization rate, but also has important significance for compensating the increasingly reduced cultivated land area and ensuring the national food safety.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the invention provides a soil conditioner, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of pyroligneous, 50-70 parts of rotten cooked tail vegetable and 10-30 parts of filler.

The soil conditioner comprises 20-40 parts of pyroligneous, 50-70 parts of rotten clinker of the tailed vegetable and 10-30 parts of filler, wherein the organic matter content is 20-40%, the water content is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 3-5. According to the invention, the components are compounded according to specific mass parts for the first time, the wood vinegar liquid can improve the pH value of soil, the tailed vegetable and the filler can improve the organic matter content of the soil, enhance the buffering performance and water retention of the soil, reduce the salt concentration, and simultaneously provide a functional microbial inoculum with salt resistance, so that the degradation and utilization of salt are accelerated, the components can be matched with each other, the chemical, physical and biological synergistic effects are fully exerted, and the salinization of the soil is remarkably repaired and improved.

The wood vinegar solution is 20 to 40 parts, for example, 20 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 25 parts, 27 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 33 parts, 35 parts, 36 parts, 38 parts, 39 parts or 40 parts.

The amount of the tail vegetable rotten clinker is 50-70 parts, for example, 50 parts, 52 parts, 54 parts, 55 parts, 57 parts, 59 parts, 60 parts, 63 parts, 65 parts, 66 parts, 68 parts, 69 parts, 70 parts, etc.

The amount of the filler is 10 to 30 parts, and may be, for example, 10 parts, 11 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 25 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, or the like.

Preferably, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pyroligneous, 55-65 parts of rotten cooked tail vegetable and 15-25 parts of filler.

Preferably, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-32 parts of pyroligneous, 58-62 parts of rotten clinker of the tailed vegetable and 20-23 parts of filler.

Preferably, the wood vinegar consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6 to 10 percent of organic acid, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of alcohol, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of phenol, 0.1 to 1 percent of neutral component, less than 0.01 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

The organic acid may be 6 to 10%, for example, 6%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.4%, 6.8%, 7%, 7.3%, 7.7%, 8.3%, 8.5%, 9.1%, 9.9%, 10%, or the like.

The carbonyl compound content is 0.2 to 0.8%, and may be, for example, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, or 0.8%.

The alcohol content is 0.1 to 0.5%, and may be, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%.

The content of phenols is 0.05 to 0.3%, and may be, for example, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.13%, 0.15%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.23%, 0.25%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, or 0.3%.

The neutral component may be 0.1 to 1%, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, or 1%.

The soluble tar content may be < 0.01%, for example, 0.009%, 0.008%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, or 0.001%.

Wherein, the neutral component refers to: glucose, maltitol, organic acid methyl ester, and neck dimethoxy benzene.

The wood vinegar liquid has high organic acid content and low neutral component content, and can effectively adjust the pH value of soil.

The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention preferably uses the wood vinegar with specific components and content, overcomes the defect of unstable wood vinegar components and performance caused by different material sources, carbonization processes, purification processes and the like in the market, and has remarkable repairing and improving effects on soil salinization by compounding the wood vinegar with the tail vegetable decomposed material and the filler according to a certain proportion and mutually matching and synergizing the three components.

Preferably, the pH of the pyroligneous acid is 2 to 3, and may be, for example, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, or 3, etc.

Preferably, the density of the wood vinegar is 1.001-1.01g/mL, and for example, it may be 1.001g/mL, 1.002g/mL, 1.003g/mL, 1.004g/mL, 1.005g/mL, 1.006g/mL, 1.007g/mL, 1.008g/mL, 1.009g/mL, 1.01g/mL, or the like.

Preferably, the preparation method of the wood vinegar comprises the following steps: cutting mixed branches comprising 20-40 parts by weight of pear branches, 20-40 parts by weight of peach branches, 0-20 parts by weight of orange branches and 0-30 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding activated carbon into the filtrate, mixing, standing and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor.

The method utilizes fruit tree branches with specific sources and specific proportions to carry out carbonization, collect flue gas, condense, purify and other steps to prepare the pyroligneous liquor with specific components and content, has stable technical indexes and performance, effectively overcomes the defects of unstable pyroligneous liquor components and performance caused by different material sources, material compositions, carbonization processes, purification processes and the like on the market, also ensures that the soil conditioner containing the pyroligneous liquor has controllable components and stable performance, and can improve and restore the salinization of soil pertinently.

The weight of the pear branch is 20-40 parts, for example, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 33 parts, 35 parts, 37 parts, 39 parts or 40 parts.

The weight of the peach branches is 20-40 parts, for example, 20 parts, 23 parts, 25 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 34 parts, 35 parts, 38 parts, 39 parts or 40 parts.

The weight of the citrus branch is 0 to 20 parts, and may be, for example, 1 part, 3 parts, 5 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts or 20 parts.

The weight of the grape branch is, for example, 1 part by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight or 30 parts by weight.

Preferably, the carbonization temperature is 300-.

Preferably, the carbonization time is 8-10h, for example, 8h, 8.2h, 8.3h, 8.5h, 8.8h, 9h, 9.2h, 9.5h, 9.7h, 9.8h or 10h, etc.

Preferably, the amount of the activated carbon added is 20 to 40% of the mass of the filtrate, and may be, for example, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, or the like.

Preferably, the number of times of adding activated carbon is at least two, and may be, for example, two, three, four, or the like.

Preferably, the mixing is performed by stirring or shaking.

Preferably, the mixing time is 0.5 to 2h, and may be, for example, 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.5h, 1.8h, 1.9h, 2h, or the like.

Preferably, the standing time is 24-48h, such as 24h, 25h, 28h, 30h, 32h, 33h, 35h, 38h, 40h, 45h or 48 h.

Preferably, the organic content of the tail vegetable rotting clinker is 40-70 wt%, for example, 40 wt%, 46 wt%, 50 wt%, 52 wt%, 55 wt%, 57 wt%, 60 wt%, 64 wt% or 70 wt%.

Preferably, the moisture content of the tail vegetable rotting clinker is 20-30 wt%, for example, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, 29 wt% or 30 wt%, etc.

Preferably, the particle size of the tail vegetable rotting clinker is 0.3-2mm, and may be, for example, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2mm, or the like.

The content of organic matters in the waste vegetable rotten clinker can reach 40-70%, the pH value of soil can be effectively buffered, and the water binding capacity is enhanced, so that the salt damage is relieved.

Preferably, the preparation method of the tail vegetable rotten clinker comprises the following steps: mixing the fresh weight of the melon and fruit type tail vegetables with the weight of 20-40 parts, the fresh weight of the leaf vegetable type tail vegetables with the fresh weight of the rhizome type tail vegetables with the weight of 0-30 parts, cutting into pieces of 5-10cm, adding a preservative, stirring uniformly, stacking in a sun-shading place for 30-60 days, airing, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the tail vegetable rotten clinker.

The fresh weight of the melon and fruit tail vegetable is 20-40 parts by weight, for example, 20 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 33 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 39 parts by weight or 40 parts by weight.

The fresh weight of the leaf vegetable can be 40-60 parts by weight, for example, 40 parts by weight, 42 parts by weight, 43 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 46 parts by weight, 49 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 59 parts by weight or 60 parts by weight.

The fresh rhizome-like waste vegetable may be, for example, 1 part by weight, 3 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight or 30 parts by weight.

The above-mentioned 5 to 10cm may be, for example, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm or 10 cm.

The number of the 30 to 60 days may be, for example, 30 days, 32 days, 35 days, 37 days, 40 days, 43 days, 45 days, 50 days, 53 days, 55 days, 58 days, or 60 days.

The invention screens specific greenhouse tail vegetables to prepare the tail vegetable rotten clinker through aerobic fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving, wherein the greenhouse tail vegetables comprise specific fruit vegetables, leaf vegetables and root stems, so that the prepared tail vegetable rotten clinker is rich in high-quality components such as various amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates and the like.

Preferably, the decay accelerator is any one or combination of at least two of bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus jelly, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast or lactic acid bacteria.

Preferably, the bacillus subtilis, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens are prepared by the gradual stress culture of a high-salt culture medium, wherein the high-salt culture medium is a high-salt LB culture medium, and the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the high-salt LB culture medium is 11-100g/L, such as 11g/L, 14g/L, 20g/L, 22g/L, 25g/L, 30g/L, 34g/L, 40g/L, 43g/L, 50g/L, 60g/L, 68g/L, 70g/L, 75g/L, 80g/L, 82g/L, 90g/L, 97g/L or 100 g/L.

The high-salt LB culture medium is compared with the conventional LB culture medium, the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the conventional LB culture medium is 10g/L, and the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the high-salt LB culture medium is 11-100 g/L.

In addition, the gradual stress culture in the application refers to that the sodium chloride content in an LB culture medium is gradually increased in the strain culture process, so that bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus mucilaginosus or bacillus amyloliquefaciens can be gradually adapted to a high-salt environment, namely, the bacillus subtilis, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus or the bacillus amyloliquefaciens still have biological activity in the high-salt environment, but at the same time, the initial concentration of the sodium chloride in the LB culture medium is controlled to be not lower than 11g/L, the sodium chloride content is gradually increased, the final concentration is not higher than 100g/L, and the strain can be quickly adapted to the high-salt environment and is not inactivated in the high-salt environment.

Preferably, the yeast is cultured in a salt-containing YPD medium, wherein the salt-containing YPD medium has a mass concentration of sodium chloride of 1-10g/L, such as 1g/L, 2g/L, 3g/L, 4g/L, 5g/L, 6g/L, 7g/L, 8g/L, 9g/L or 10 g/L.

Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria are prepared by culturing in a salt-containing induction medium, the salt-containing induction medium is a salt-containing MRS medium, and the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the salt-containing MRS medium is 1-10g/L, and for example, the mass concentration can be 1g/L, 2g/L, 3g/L, 4g/L, 5g/L, 6g/L, 7g/L, 8g/L, 9g/L or 10 g/L.

The strain of the corrosion accelerator is preferably prepared by culturing the soil conditioner in a high-salt culture medium or a salt-added culture medium, because the soil conditioner is used for improving the saline alkali property of soil, namely the strain of the corrosion accelerator is ensured to have biological activity in a high-salt environment, can stably survive in the process of improving the soil, can continuously decompose organic matters, increases soil nutrient substances and further better improves the saline alkali property of the soil.

Preferably, the number of effective viable bacteria in the corrosion promoter is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/g, and can be 1 hundred million/g, 1.1 hundred million/g, 1.2 hundred million/g, 1.5 hundred million/g, 1.8 hundred million/g, 2 hundred million/g, 3 hundred million/g, 4 hundred million/g or 5 hundred million/g, and the like.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the decay promoting agent in the total fresh weight of the tail vegetables is 0.1-0.5%, such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%.

Preferably, the filler has a particle size of 0.3 to 1mm, and may be, for example, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, or the like.

Preferably, the filler is selected from any one of or a combination of at least two of mixed carbon, water-absorbent resin, phosphogypsum or spermidine.

Wherein, the mixed carbon is as follows: at least two of pear tree charcoal, peach tree charcoal, orange tree charcoal and grape branch charcoal. The pear charcoal is a product obtained by high-temperature carbonization of pear branches, the peach charcoal is a product obtained by high-temperature carbonization of peach branches, the orange charcoal is a product obtained by high-temperature carbonization of orange branches, and the grape charcoal is a product obtained by high-temperature carbonization of grape branches.

Preferably, the filler consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of mixed carbon, 10-30 parts of water-absorbing resin, 0-20 parts of phosphogypsum and 0-20 parts of spermidine.

The filler preferably comprises the components, and the components are controlled to be compounded in a certain mass part, so that the effects of the components in soil remediation are fully exerted, and the filler is matched with pyroligneous liquor and a tail vegetable decomposed material to realize a synergistic effect, so that the salt alkalinity of soil can be better improved.

Preferably, the water-absorbing resin is any one of polyacrylamide, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate or a combination of at least two of the two.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a soil conditioner as described in the first aspect, the method comprising: mixing the wood vinegar and the rotten material of the tailed vegetable, drying, and adding a filler to obtain the soil conditioner.

The preparation method of the soil conditioner only needs to mix the wood vinegar and the rotten material of the tail vegetables, dry and add the filler, and the preparation process is simple and easy to operate.

Preferably, the drying is a low temperature drying.

Preferably, the low temperature drying temperature is 40-70 deg.C, such as 40 deg.C, 45 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 55 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C or 70 deg.C.

Preferably, the drying is to moisture-dry the mixture of pyroligneous liquor and the tail vegetable decomposed material to 20-30 wt%, for example, 30 wt%, 29 wt%, 28 wt%, 27 wt%, 26 wt%, 25 wt%, 24 wt%, 23 wt%, 22 wt%, 21 wt%, 20 wt%, etc.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the soil conditioner is prepared by compounding wood vinegar, a waste vegetable decomposed material and a filler according to a certain proportion, and the three components are matched with each other to realize synergistic interaction, so that the soil conditioner has remarkable repairing and improving effects on soil salinization;

(2) the wood vinegar in the soil conditioner is obtained by carbonizing fruit tree branches, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering, and the tail vegetable rotten clinker is obtained by fermenting greenhouse tail vegetables, so that agricultural organic wastes are effectively utilized, the resource recycling is realized, and the soil conditioner is environment-friendly and efficient.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof

The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of pyroligneous, 65 parts of rotten cooked tailed vegetable and 20 parts of filler, wherein the organic matter content is 32.4 wt%, the water content is 26.5 wt%, and the pH value is 3.8;

the preparation method of the wood vinegar comprises the following steps: cutting 35 parts by weight of pear branches, 35 parts by weight of peach branches, 10 parts by weight of orange branches and 20 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing at 400 ℃ for 10 hours, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 25% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 0.5 hour, standing for 48 hours, and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor; the prepared wood vinegar consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8.7 percent of organic acid, 0.39 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.12 percent of alcohol, 0.11 percent of phenol, 0.33 percent of neutral component, 0.004 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

The preparation method of the rotten cooked tail vegetable material comprises the following steps: mixing 20 parts by weight of melon and fruit type tail vegetables, 55 parts by weight of leaf vegetable type tail vegetables and 25 parts by weight of rhizome type tail vegetables, cutting the mixture into 5cm, adding bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant source lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the mass ratio of the three strains in the fresh weight of the tail vegetables is 0.5%, stirring the mixture evenly, stacking the mixture in a sun-shading place for 50 days, and airing, drying and crushing the mixture to obtain the tail vegetable rotten clinker; the content of organic matters in the waste vegetable rotten clinker is 50.2 wt%, and the content of water is 27.1 wt%.

Filling: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of mixed carbon, 30 parts of polyacrylamide, 15 parts of phosphogypsum and 5 parts of spermidine.

And mixing the wood vinegar and the rotten material of the tailed vegetable to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture until the water content is 25 wt% at 50 ℃, adding a filler, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof

The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of pyroligneous, 60 parts of a tail vegetable decomposed material and 15 parts of a filler, wherein the organic matter content is 28.8 wt%, the water content is 24.6 wt%, and the pH value is 4.5;

the preparation method of the wood vinegar comprises the following steps: cutting 40 parts by weight of pear branches, 30 parts by weight of peach branches, 5 parts by weight of orange branches and 25 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing at 300 ℃ for 10 hours, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 20% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 30 hours, and filtering to obtain the wood vinegar liquid; the obtained pyroligneous liquor consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 9.2 percent of organic acid, 0.32 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.19 percent of alcohol, 0.1 percent of phenol, 0.41 percent of neutral component, 0.006 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

The preparation method of the rotten cooked tail vegetable material comprises the following steps: mixing 30 parts by weight of melon and fruit tail vegetables, 60 parts by weight of leaf vegetable tail vegetables and 10 parts by weight of rhizome tail vegetables, cutting the mixture into 10cm, adding bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant source lactobacillus according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the mass ratio of the three strains in the fresh weight of the tail vegetables is 0.3%, stirring the mixture evenly, stacking the mixture in a sunshade for 60 days, and airing, drying and crushing the mixture to obtain the tail vegetable rotten clinker; the content of organic matters in the waste vegetable rotten clinker is 50.8 wt%, and the content of water is 28.2 wt%.

Filling: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of mixed carbon, 30 parts of polyacrylamide and 30 parts of phosphogypsum.

And mixing the wood vinegar and the rotten material of the tail vegetables to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture until the water content is 25 wt% at 40 ℃, adding a filler, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof

The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of pyroligneous, 65 parts of a tail vegetable decomposed material and 25 parts of a filler, wherein the organic matter content is 27.3 wt%, the water content is 18.1 wt%, and the pH value is 3.9;

the preparation method of the wood vinegar comprises the following steps: cutting 20 parts by weight of pear branches, 40 parts by weight of peach branches, 20 parts by weight of orange branches and 20 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing at 500 ℃ for 9 hours, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 30% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 2 hours, standing for 40 hours, and filtering to obtain the wood vinegar liquid; the prepared wood vinegar consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8.5 percent of organic acid, 0.61 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.31 percent of alcohol, 0.16 percent of phenol, 0.33 percent of neutral component, 0.002 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

The preparation method of the rotten cooked tail vegetable material comprises the following steps: mixing 40 parts by weight of melon and fruit type tail vegetables, 40 parts by weight of leaf vegetable type tail vegetables and 20 parts by weight of rhizome type tail vegetables, cutting the mixture into pieces of 8cm, adding bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant source lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the mass ratio of the three kinds of bacteria in the fresh weight of the tail vegetables is 0.2%, stirring the mixture evenly, stacking the mixture in a sun-shading place for 40 days, and airing, drying and crushing the mixture to obtain the tail vegetable rotten clinker; the content of organic matters in the waste vegetable rotten clinker is 54.6 wt%, and the content of water is 27.4 wt%.

Filling: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of mixed carbon, 10 parts of potassium polyacrylate, 20 parts of phosphogypsum and 10 parts of spermidine.

And mixing the wood vinegar liquid and the rotten material of the tailed vegetable to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture until the water content is 20 wt% at 70 ℃, adding a filler, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof

The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of pyroligneous, 50 parts of a tail vegetable decomposed material and 10 parts of a filler, wherein the organic matter content is 27.6 wt%, the water content is 26.4 wt%, and the pH value is 3.8;

the preparation method of the wood vinegar comprises the following steps: cutting 40 parts by weight of pear branches, 40 parts by weight of peach branches and 20 parts by weight of orange branches, carbonizing at 350 ℃ for 9.5 hours, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 25% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 2 hours, standing for 45 hours, and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor; the prepared pyroligneous liquor consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 8.8 percent of organic acid, 0.41 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.21 percent of alcohol, 0.18 percent of phenol, 0.05 percent of neutral component, 0.005 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

The preparation method of the rotten cooked tail vegetable material comprises the following steps: mixing 33 parts by weight of melon and fruit type tail vegetables, 42 parts by weight of leaf vegetable type tail vegetables and 25 parts by weight of rhizome type tail vegetables, cutting the mixture into pieces of 8cm, adding bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant source lactic acid bacteria, wherein the ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant source lactic acid bacteria is 1: 2: 1, uniformly stirring the three strains in the fresh weight of the tailed vegetable, piling the strains in a sunshade for 45 days, airing, drying and crushing the strains to obtain the rotten clinker of the tailed vegetable; the content of organic matters in the waste vegetable rotten clinker is 48.8 wt%, and the content of water is 27.5 wt%.

Filling: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of mixed carbon, 15 parts of ammonium polyacrylate, 10 parts of phosphogypsum and 20 parts of spermidine.

And mixing the wood vinegar liquid and the rotten material of the tailed vegetable to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture until the water content is 30% at the temperature of 60 ℃, adding a filler, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 5

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which is different from example 1 in that: the wood vinegar is prepared by the following preparation method: cutting 15 parts by weight of pear branches, 50 parts by weight of peach branches, 30 parts by weight of orange branches and 5 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing at 400 ℃ for 10 hours, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 25% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 0.5 hour, standing for 48 hours, and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor; the prepared wood vinegar consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8.1 percent of organic acid, 0.38 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.23 percent of alcohol, 0.13 percent of phenol, 0.35 percent of neutral component, 0.003 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

Example 6

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which is different from example 1 in that: the wood vinegar is prepared by the following preparation method: cutting 45 parts by weight of pear branches, 10 parts by weight of peach branches, 35 parts by weight of orange branches and 10 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing at 400 ℃ for 10 hours, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 25% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 0.5 hour, standing for 48 hours, and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor; the prepared wood vinegar consists of the following components in parts by weight: 7.8 percent of organic acid, 0.64 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.17 percent of alcohol, 0.21 percent of phenol, 0.36 percent of neutral component, 0.004 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

Example 7

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which is different from example 1 in that: the wood vinegar is prepared by the following preparation method: cutting 50 parts by weight of pear branches, 10 parts by weight of peach branches and 40 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing for 10 hours at 400 ℃, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding small-particle high-temperature activated carbon containing 25% by weight of the filtrate, stirring for 0.5 hour, standing for 48 hours, and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor; the prepared wood vinegar consists of the following components in parts by weight: 7.9 percent of organic acid, 0.52 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.25 percent of alcohol, 0.16 percent of phenol, 0.08 percent of neutral component, 0.007 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water.

Example 8

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 1 only in that: a commercially available wood vinegar (purchased from dahlia carbon industries, zhejiang) was used instead of the wood vinegar prepared in example 1.

Wherein the commercially available wood vinegar comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5.8% of organic acid, 0.68% of carbonyl compound, 0.55% of alcohol, 0.71% of phenol, 0.65% of neutral component, 0.24% of soluble tar and the balance of water.

Example 9

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 1 only in that: the rotten cooked tail vegetable material is prepared by the following preparation method: mixing 10 parts by weight of melon and fruit type tail vegetables, 70 parts by weight of leaf vegetable type tail vegetables and 20 parts by weight of rhizome type tail vegetables, cutting the mixture into 5cm, adding bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant source lactic acid bacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the mass ratio of the three strains in the fresh weight of the tail vegetables is 0.5%, stirring the mixture evenly, stacking the mixture in a sunshade for 50 days, and airing, drying and crushing the mixture to obtain the tail vegetable rotten clinker; the content of organic matters in the waste vegetable rotten clinker is 51.7 wt%, and the content of water is 22.4 wt%.

Example 10

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 1 only in that: the filler is composed of 20 parts of mixed carbon, 40 parts of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of phosphogypsum and 10 parts of spermidine.

Example 11

This example provides a soil conditioner and a method for preparing the same, which differs from example 1 only in that: the filler consists of 65 parts of mixed carbon, 5 parts of polyacrylamide, 25 parts of phosphogypsum and 25 parts of spermidine.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, differing from example 1 only in that: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of pyroligneous, 40 parts of rotten cooked tailed vegetable and 35 parts of filler, wherein the organic matter content is 16.4 wt%, the water content is 28.1 wt%, and the pH value is 3.3.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, differing from example 1 only in that: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of pyroligneous, 40 parts of rotten cooked tailed vegetable and 5 parts of filler, wherein the organic matter content is 16.8 wt%, the water content is 27.8 wt%, and the pH value is 2.9.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, differing from example 1 only in that: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of pyroligneous, 100 parts of a tail vegetable decomposed material and 5 parts of a filler, wherein the organic matter content is 50.4 wt%, the water content is 28.6 wt%, and the pH value is 6.5.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, differing from example 1 only in that: the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure is used for replacing the tail vegetable rotten clinker prepared in the example 1.

Wherein the organic matter content of the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer is 61 wt%, and the water content is 27.6 wt%.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the difference from example 1 being: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of pyroligneous and 80 parts of decomposed materials of the tail vegetables, wherein the organic matter content is 36.3 wt%, the water content is 26.9 wt%, and the pH value is 3.5.

Comparative example 6

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the difference from example 1 being: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of pyroligneous liquor and 50 parts of filler, wherein the organic matter content is 4.1 wt%, the water content is 28 wt%, and the pH value is 3.

Comparative example 7

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the difference from example 1 being: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of a tail vegetable decomposed material and 50 parts of a filler, wherein the organic matter content is 31.5 wt%, the water content is 28.2 wt%, and the pH value is 6.6.

Comparative example 8

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the difference from example 1 being: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of pyroligneous liquor, wherein the organic matter content is 4.3 wt%, the water content is 26.9 wt%, and the pH value is 2.6.

Comparative example 9

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the difference from example 1 being: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of the rotten cooked material of the tailed vegetables, wherein the organic matter content is 52.8 wt%, the water content is 28.5 wt%, and the pH value is 6.8.

Comparative example 10

This comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the difference from example 1 being: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of polyacrylamide.

Performance testing

1. The wood vinegar comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the organic components and the content of the pyroligneous liquor are measured by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry online technology method.

2. The composition and content of the rotten cooked material of the tailed vegetable are as follows: and testing the organic matter content and the moisture content in the waste vegetable rotten clinker by adopting a dichromate methane oxidation method and an oven drying method.

3. Outdoor repair test: performing a repair test on two pieces of saline-alkali soil by setting a blank test, applying a conventional fertilizer and applying the soil conditioner provided by the embodiment of the invention and the comparative example respectively;

test one:

(1) and (3) background restoration:

repairing implementation time: 2016-2018 years (3 years of continuous repair);

the repair implementation site is as follows: shanghai Chongming three-star Zhenxi Yingxi fruit and vegetable professional cooperative;

soil type: saline-alkali soil of greenhouse of facility vegetable field;

and (3) test crops: 2016 pakchoi, 2017 watermelon, 2018 pepper;

the entrusting unit: shikoku Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd

Test unit: shanghai city academy of agricultural sciences

The test host: zhanhlin (secondary researcher), binana (assistant researcher).

(2) The total salt content: and (3) measuring the total salt content of the soil by adopting an electric conduction method.

(3) Degree of alkalization: and (4) measuring the alkalization degree of the soil by adopting a calculation method.

The alkalinization degree of the soil is Na⁺The saturation of (A) is expressed by the exchangeable Na adsorbed on the soil colloid⁺The percentage of the cation exchange amount, i.e., the degree of alkalization ═ 100% by weight (exchangeable sodium/cation exchange amount).

The data obtained by the performance test are shown in tables 1 to 5:

table 1 shows the basic conditions of salinization of a soil in a test field;

TABLE 1 basic conditions of the test (before Conditioning)

Table 2 shows the salinization of soil after the soil conditioner obtained in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is used to repair the first test field;

TABLE 2 characteristics of soil salinization after remediation (2018 end of year)

Tables 3 to 5 show the yield of different plants grown after the first test plot was remediated using the soil conditioner obtained in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples.

TABLE 3 influence of different soil conditioners on the yield of pakchoi in the test plots (2016)

TABLE 4 Effect of different soil conditioners on watermelon yield at test plots (2017)

TABLE 5 Effect of different soil conditioners on the yield of capsicum at test plots (2018)

And (2) test II:

(1) and (3) background restoration:

repairing implementation time: 2016-2018 years (3 years of continuous repair);

the repair implementation site is as follows: in a greenhouse of an integrated experimental station of agricultural institute of Shanghai Shangxian district village and town Shanghai city;

soil type: saline-alkali soil of greenhouse vegetable greenhouse;

and (3) test crops: 2016 pakchoi, 2017 watermelon, 2018 pepper;

the entrusting unit: shikoku Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd

Test unit: shanghai city academy of agricultural sciences

The test host: zhanhlin (secondary researcher), binana (assistant researcher).

The data obtained by the performance tests are shown in tables 6 to 10:

table 6 shows the basic conditions of salinization of the second soil of the test field;

TABLE 6 two basic cases of the test (before conditioning)

Table 7 shows the salinization of the soil after the soil conditioner obtained in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples was used to repair the second test field;

TABLE 7 characteristics of salinization of soil after remediation (2018 end of year)

Tables 8 to 10 show the yield of different plants grown after the soil conditioner obtained in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples was used to restore the second test plot.

TABLE 8 Effect of different soil conditioners on the yield of Erpakchoi in the test plots (2016)

TABLE 9 Effect of different soil conditioners on watermelon yield in test plots (2017)

TABLE 10 Effect of different soil conditioners on the yield of capsicum annuum in the test plots (2018)

From the examples and the performance test results, it can be seen that the salt alkalinity of the soil repaired by the soil conditioner provided by the invention is obviously improved. Comparing the data in table 1 and table 2, table 6 and table 7, it can be seen that the pH values of the test plots i and ii repaired by the soil conditioner obtained in the embodiment of the present invention are both significantly reduced, the alkalization degree is reduced, and at the same time, the total salt content in the soil is also significantly reduced. This shows that the soil conditioner of the present invention can effectively improve and slow the salinization of soil.

In addition, as can be seen from the data in tables 3 to 5 and tables 8 to 10, after pakchoi, watermelon and pepper are respectively planted on the repaired test land I and the repaired test land II, the yield of the soil is obviously higher than that of the soil before conditioning and the soil before conventional fertilization, which shows that the salinization degree of the soil repaired by the soil conditioner obtained by the embodiment of the invention is obviously reduced, and the yield of planted vegetables and fruits can be greatly improved.

Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1-3, it can be seen that when the contents of the components of the wood vinegar, the waste vegetable decomposition clinker and the filler in the soil conditioner exceed the ratio ranges of the wood vinegar, the waste vegetable decomposition clinker and the filler, the effect of improving the soil salinization is obviously deteriorated, which shows that only when the wood vinegar, the waste vegetable decomposition clinker and the filler are compounded in a specific ratio, the three components are mutually matched and synergically, and a great improvement effect on the soil salinization can be achieved.

Compared with example 1, in example 8, the commercial wood vinegar is used for replacing the wood vinegar with specific components and content prepared by the invention, the obtained soil conditioner has poor effect of improving soil salinization, and the yield after planting vegetables and fruits is obviously lower. The result shows that only the wood vinegar with specific components and content prepared by the method is matched with the tail vegetable decomposed material and the filler prepared by the method, so that the synergism is realized, and the salinization degree of the soil is effectively relieved and improved.

Compared with the example 1, in the comparative example 4, the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure is used for replacing the decomposed tailing compost prepared by the invention, the obtained soil conditioner has poor effect of improving the soil salinization, and the yield of planted vegetables and fruits is obviously lower. The rotten material of the tail vegetables contains specific organic matter components and content, and can be matched with the pyroligneous liquor and the filler prepared by the method to realize synergistic effect, so that the salinization degree of the soil can be better relieved and improved.

Compared with the example 1, the comparative examples 5-10 lack one or two components of pyroligneous liquor, waste vegetable rotting clinker and filler, and the repairing effect on the salinization of the soil is poor, which indicates that three components must exist simultaneously and are not enough in the soil repairing agent to obviously improve the salinization of the soil.

The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims

1. The soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of pyroligneous, 50-70 parts of rotten cooked tail vegetable and 10-30 parts of filler.

2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pyroligneous, 55-65 parts of rotten cooked tail vegetable and 15-25 parts of filler;

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pyroligneous liquor consists of the following components in weight fraction: 6 to 10 percent of organic acid, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of carbonyl compound, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of alcohol, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of phenol, 0.1 to 1 percent of neutral component, less than 0.01 percent of soluble tar and the balance of water;

preferably, the pH of the pyroligneous acid is 2 to 3;

preferably, the density of the wood vinegar is 1.001-1.01 g/mL.

4. The soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wood vinegar is prepared by a method comprising: cutting mixed branches comprising 20-40 parts by weight of pear branches, 20-40 parts by weight of peach branches, 0-20 parts by weight of orange branches and 0-30 parts by weight of grape branches, carbonizing, collecting flue gas, condensing and filtering to obtain filtrate, adding activated carbon into the filtrate, mixing, standing and filtering to obtain the pyroligneous liquor;

preferably, the temperature of the carbonization is 300-500 ℃;

preferably, the carbonization time is 8-10 h;

preferably, the adding amount of the activated carbon is 20-40% of the mass of the filtrate;

preferably, the number of times of adding activated carbon is at least two;

preferably, the mixing mode is stirring or shaking;

preferably, the mixing time is 0.5-2 h;

preferably, the standing time is 24-48 h.

5. The soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of organic matter in the tail vegetable decay clinker is 40-70 wt%;

preferably, the moisture content of the tail vegetable rotten clinker is 20-30 wt%;

preferably, the grain size of the tail vegetable rotten clinker is 0.3-2 mm.

6. The soil conditioner of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method of preparing the tail vegetable decomposition clinker comprises: mixing 20-40 parts by weight of melon and fruit tail vegetables, 40-60 parts by weight of leaf vegetable tail vegetables and 0-30 parts by weight of rhizome tail vegetables, cutting into pieces of 5-10cm, adding a preservative, stirring uniformly, stacking in a sun-shading place for 30-60 days, airing, drying and crushing to obtain the tail vegetable rotten clinker.

7. The soil conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the decay accelerator is any one or a combination of at least two of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast or lactic acid bacteria;

preferably, the bacillus subtilis, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens are prepared by the gradual stress culture of a high-salt culture medium, the high-salt culture medium is a high-salt LB culture medium, and the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the high-salt LB culture medium is 11-100 g/L;

preferably, the yeast is prepared by culturing a salt-containing induction culture medium, the salt-containing induction culture medium is a salt-containing YPD culture medium, and the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the salt-containing YPD culture medium is 1-10 g/L;

preferably, the lactobacillus is prepared by culturing in a salt-containing induction culture medium, the salt-containing induction culture medium is a salt-containing MRS culture medium, and the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the salt-containing MRS culture medium is 1-10 g/L;

preferably, the number of effective viable bacteria in the corrosion promoter is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/g;

preferably, the mass percentage of the decay promoting agent in the total fresh weight of the tail vegetables is 0.1-0.5%.

8. A soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the filler has a particle size of from 0.3 to 1 mm;

preferably, the filler is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of mixed carbon, water-absorbing resin, phosphogypsum or spermidine;

preferably, the filler consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of mixed carbon, 10-30 parts of water-absorbing resin, 0-20 parts of phosphogypsum and 0-20 parts of spermidine;

9. A method of preparing a soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method of preparation comprises: mixing the wood vinegar and the rotten material of the tailed vegetable, drying, and adding a filler to obtain the soil conditioner.

10. The production method according to claim 9, wherein the drying is low-temperature drying;

preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature drying is 40-70 ℃;

preferably, the drying is to dry the mixture of the pyroligneous liquor and the decomposed vegetable material to 20-30 wt% of moisture.