CN110639212A - Manual eddy current gyro - Google Patents
Manual eddy current gyro Download PDFInfo
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- CN110639212A CN110639212A CN201910991740.9A CN201910991740A CN110639212A CN 110639212 A CN110639212 A CN 110639212A CN 201910991740 A CN201910991740 A CN 201910991740A CN 110639212 A CN110639212 A CN 110639212A
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- gyro
- gyroscope
- cap
- eddy current
- driving column
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004247 hand Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H1/00—Tops
- A63H1/10—Tops able to be spun by whirling the axis with both hands
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/181—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for electric and magnetic fields; for voltages; for currents
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Gyroscopes (AREA)
Abstract
A manual eddy current gyro mainly comprises a gyro body and a gyro cap, and is characterized in that: the gyroscope body and the gyroscope cap are both processed by aluminum columns with the same diameter, the gyroscope body is a hollow cylindrical surface and is provided with a gyroscope conical tip, and the cone of the conical tip is an isosceles cone; a gyro driving column is arranged in the center of the gyro riser, the gyro body and the gyro riser are fixed together through threads, and the axis of the driving column is superposed with the axis of the conical tip; during demonstration, the gyro driving column is held by hands to drive the gyro to rotate on the horizontal desktop at a high speed, and after the gyro rotates stably around the vertical shaft, the magnet rapidly moves to the horizontal desktop in the vertical direction and is close to the gyro, so that the gyro tends to revolve.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to an eddy current gyro device, and belongs to the field of physical experiment instruments.
Background
The eddy current is the key content of college physics courses, is the phenomenon that a magnetic field excites current in a conductor, is usually demonstrated by a vortex tube in class, and is characterized in that: the columnar magnet or the annular magnet vertically moves downwards in the copper pipe or is sleeved outside the copper pipe, the falling speed of the magnet and the non-magnet with the same shape and size is observed to check the eddy current effect, the falling of objects is often influenced by the friction of the pipe wall, the problems are often questioned by students, and the displayed contents are single, so that a device or a method for demonstrating the eddy current phenomenon which is based on manual operation and convenient operation in class needs to be designed and manufactured from another angle, and the problem needs to be solved in the patent. The method is completed under the support of national natural fund projects (project numbers are 11805107 and 11405092), basic business cost scientific research projects (project number is 135209251) of high schools belonging to provinces of Heilongjiang province and high schools and application projects (project number is SJGY 20170385).
Reference documents:
mechanism and manufacture of Liangfakuu, Lu Qiling Ling reversible Top in physical experiment 2002
Chinese patent of turning top, No. 2011204168963 grant Japanese 2012.07.11
Demonstration and analysis of angular momentum change law in moment mutation such as Liangfrench library, university Physics, 2004
Discussion of reverse tilt and orbital motion of spinning magnetic gyroscopes physical experiment 1997.6
Disclosure of Invention
The patent is a device and a method for demonstrating eddy current phenomenon, and particularly relates to a device for demonstrating manually-driven gyro type eddy current magnetic moment precession phenomenon in an external magnetic field.
This patent technical scheme: a manual eddy current gyro mainly comprises a gyro body and a gyro cap, and is characterized in that: the eddy current gyroscope (hereinafter referred to as gyroscope) is a hollow gyroscope processed by a non-ferromagnetic material conductor (aluminum column or copper column), the gyroscope body and the gyroscope cap are processed by aluminum columns (or copper column and other non-ferromagnetic material conductors) with the same diameter, the gyroscope body is a hollow cylindrical surface and is provided with a gyroscope conical tip, the cone of the conical tip is an isosceles cone (namely the axial section is an isosceles triangle), and the top of the gyroscope tip (the contact plane) is processed into a spherical surface; the top driving column is arranged in the center of the top riser, the top body and the top riser are fixed together through threads (external threads of the top body and internal threads matched with the top riser), and the axis of the driving column passes through the top point of the conical tip (the axis of the driving column is overlapped with the axis of the conical tip).
Theoretical analysis, considering the stability of the gyroscope, the angular velocity of the manufactured eddy current gyroscope should meet the stable condition
Wherein: i is3And I is respectively the moment of inertia of the axis of the driving column and the contact point of the top tip of the gyroscope and the horizontal desktop, l is the distance from the center of mass to the top of the top tip of the gyroscope, and theta is the included angle between the axis of the driving column and the vertical shaft.
Let a be the radius of the top of a gyroscope tip in contact with the horizontal plane with mass m, mu be the coefficient of friction, I3For moment of inertia about the axis of rotation (drive column axis), by the theorem of rotation, there are
From an initial angular velocity ω0Decelerating to ω (over time t) and still being in a steady state, have
ω-ω0＝βt
Combining the above two formulas to obtain
Namely, conditions to be satisfied for manufacturing the eddy current gyroscope
That is, if the time for realizing the stable autorotation of the manually driven eddy current gyro around the vertical axis to the critical stability is t seconds, the stable autorotation angular velocity of the initial start is ω0If so, the size of the eddy current gyroscope is required to meet the condition; or the specific size of the gyro determines the rotation angular velocity omega0And a stable time t [ wherein I3And I is the moment of inertia of the axis of the driving column and the top of the top tip (contact point with the table top), l is the distance from the center of mass to the top of the top tip, and theta is the included angle between the axis of the driving column and the vertical axis]。
According to the practical application, the driving column is driven by hand (the relative movement distance between the thumb and the index finger is 2 cm) based on the use of hand-driven eddy current gyro, the relative movement distance between the thumb and the index finger is 2cm every 0.25 seconds, the diameter of the driving column is selected to be 0.5cm,thus, if the eddy current gyro is driven manually to rotate stably around the vertical axis (θ is 0) for t seconds, the initial stable rotation angular velocity is ω (ω is 0) and the time from the initial stable rotation angular velocity is t seconds0If 32rad/s, the eddy current gyroscope should be fabricated to satisfy the conditions
32-(2μamg/3I3)t≥(4mglI/I3)1/2
In the actual development process, based on the manual starting of the eddy current gyroscope, the inventor originally develops the eddy current gyroscope, the manufacturing and demonstration effect is obvious but has great difficulty, and some gyroscopes are found to be unstable (for example, a thin disk gyroscope is formed, an automatic rotating shaft penetrates through the center of a disk, a magnet immediately stops rotating when approaching, and the stable precession phenomenon in an external magnetic field cannot be seen), and some gyroscopes have stable autorotation (such as a solid body gyroscope), but have no obvious precession phenomenon under the action of the external magnetic field; through theoretical analysis and a large number of experimental developments, the inventor combines the size of hands with the moment of driving a gyro drive column by a hand, and the actual size of the manufacture is as follows: the inner and outer coaxial cylindrical surfaces of the gyroscope body are respectively 15mm in inner diameter and 20mm in outer diameter; the top fall thickness of the gyroscope is 2.5mm, the height of the gyroscope driving column is 10mm, and the diameter of the gyroscope driving column is 5 mm; the height of the conical pointed end of the gyroscope body is 10 mm; the length of the external thread of the gyroscope body and the internal thread of the gyroscope cap matched with the external thread of the gyroscope body are both 10mm, the total height of an external cylinder of the gyroscope body and the gyroscope cap after assembly is 27mm, and the revolution and precession effects of the gyroscope are obvious in a magnetic field generated by a 0.5 Tesla magnet at a position of 1 mm on the surface of the experimental device with the size.
And (3) estimating: selecting (according to international system of units) l 2 × 10-2，μ＝0.1，a＝1×10-3，m＝1.5×10-2，
I≈I3＝mR2≈m×(2×10-2)2To obtain
And second.
According to the design of the size, the time for observation is sufficient, and the following conditions can be met: moment M ═ P of gyro in external magnetic fieldmIs stable and has obvious precession under the drive of x B, wherein PmIn order to move the magnetic moment generated by the magnet close to the eddy current gyro in the gyro, B is the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnet at the gyro.
During demonstration, the gyro driving column is held by hands to drive the gyro to rotate on the horizontal desktop at a high speed, and after the gyro rotates stably around the vertical shaft, the magnet rapidly moves to the horizontal desktop in the vertical direction and is close to the gyro, so that the gyro tends to revolve; when the magnetic pole direction of the magnet is turned, the process is repeated, and the gyro still shows that the magnet tends to revolve;
during demonstration, through the video recording, the condition that students do not see clearly on the demonstration site can be met, teachers play on a large screen, the playing speed of the video is adjusted as required, and the effect is better.
Its unique part of this patent is different with current experiment, has given the concrete structure of preparation eddy current top, provides reliable assurance for making the obvious eddy current top of demonstration phenomenon to combine the reality to give a set of effectual manual eddy current top preparation parameter and the intensity of outer magnetic field magnet, the demonstration effect is obvious, provides useful device and method for teaching and scientific research.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the patent,
figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the present patent,
wherein: 1. 1-1 parts of gyroscope body, 2 parts of conical pointed end, 2 parts of gyroscope cap, 2-1 parts of driving column.
Detailed Description
As shown in the attached figure 1: a manual eddy current gyro mainly comprises a gyro body 1 and a gyro cap 2, and is characterized in that: the gyroscope body 1 and the gyroscope cap 2 are both processed by aluminum columns with the same diameter, the gyroscope body 1 is a hollow cylindrical surface and is provided with a gyroscope conical tip 1-1, the conical shape of the conical tip 1-1 is an isosceles cone (namely the axial section is an isosceles triangle), and the top (contact plane position) of the gyroscope tip 1-1 is processed into a spherical surface; the central part of top 2 of the gyro is provided with a gyro driving column 2-1, the gyro body 1 and the gyro 2 are fixed together through a thread (the external thread of the gyro body 1 and the internal thread of the gyro 2 matched with the gyro body), the axis of the driving column 2-1 passes through the vertex 1-1 of the conical tip (the axis of the driving column 2-1 is coincided with the axis of the conical tip 1-1), and the concrete parameters are as follows:
the inner and outer coaxial cylindrical surfaces of the gyroscope body 1 are respectively 15mm in inner diameter and 20mm in outer diameter; the thickness of the top 2 of the gyro cap is 2.5mm, and the height of the gyro drive column is 2-1 mm and the diameter is 5 mm; the conical pointed end 1-1 of the gyroscope body 1 is 10mm in conical height, and the top (contact plane) of the conical pointed end 1-1 of the gyroscope body is processed into a convex spherical surface with the radius of 2.5 mm; the length of the external thread of the gyro body 1 and the length of the internal thread of the gyro cap 2 matched with the external thread of the gyro body 1 are both 10mm, and the total height of the external cylinders of the gyro body 1 and the gyro cap 2 after the assembly is finished is 27 mm; in addition, the magnet surface used in the experiment was 0.5 tesla at 1 mm.
During demonstration, as shown in figure 2, a gyro driving column 2-1 is held by hands to drive the gyro to rotate at a high speed on a horizontal desktop, and after the gyro rotates stably around a vertical shaft, a magnet with the surface of 0.5 Tesla at 1 mm is quickly moved to the horizontal desktop in the vertical direction and is close to the gyro (2 cm-4 cm close to the gyro), so that the gyro tends to revolve; when the magnetic pole direction of the magnet is turned, the process is repeated, and the gyro tendency (the gyro driving column approaches to the magnet) is still seen;
for comparison, a hollow gyroscope made of non-ferromagnetic material and non-conductor (plastic) with the same size and structure as the hollow gyroscope can be manufactured, so that the phenomenon is more convenient to observe and understand.
In fact, the inventor of the eddy current gyro manufactured according to the specific parameters mentioned above has a high speed rotation around the vertical axis for a stable time of not less than 120 seconds from the beginning of the demonstration process, so that when the magnet rapidly moves to the horizontal table surface in the vertical direction and approaches the gyro, the precession phenomenon of the gyro revolving around the magnet for 2 cycles can be seen.
It is to be understood that this description is only illustrative and explanatory of the spirit and nature of this patent, and that any modifications and alterations from this patent are intended to fall within the scope of this patent.
Claims (2)
1. A manual eddy current gyro mainly comprises a gyro body (1) and a gyro cap (2), and is characterized in that: the gyroscope body (1) and the gyroscope cap (2) are both processed by aluminum columns with the same diameter, the gyroscope body (1) is a hollow cylindrical surface and is provided with a gyroscope conical tip (1-1), the cone of the conical tip (1-1) is an isosceles cone, and the top of the gyroscope tip (1-1) is processed into a spherical surface; a gyro driving column (2-1) is arranged in the center of the top of the gyro cap (2), the gyro body (1) and the gyro cap (2) are fixed together through threads, and the axis of the driving column (2-1) is superposed with the axis of the conical pointed end (1-1).
2. A manual eddy current gyroscope, according to claim 1, characterized by: the inner and outer coaxial cylindrical surfaces of the gyroscope body (1) are respectively 15mm in inner diameter and 20mm in outer diameter; the top of the gyro cap (2) is 2.5mm thick, and the gyro driving column (2-1) is 10mm high and 5mm in diameter; the conical pointed end (1-1) of the gyroscope body (1) is 10mm in conical height, and the top of the gyroscope pointed end (1-1) is processed into a convex spherical surface with the radius of 2.5 mm; the length of the external thread of the gyroscope body (1) and the internal thread of the gyroscope cap (2) matched with the external thread of the gyroscope body is 10mm, and the total height of the external cylinders of the gyroscope body (1) and the gyroscope cap (2) after assembly is 27 mm; in addition, the magnet surface used in the experiment was 0.5 tesla at 1 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910991740.9A CN110639212A (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2019-10-12 | Manual eddy current gyro |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910991740.9A CN110639212A (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2019-10-12 | Manual eddy current gyro |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB331972A (en) * | 1929-05-02 | 1930-07-17 | Gustaf Henrik Fabian Berglund | Improvements in gyroscopic compasses |
| JP2010022797A (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-02-04 | Kaori Iwatani | Dancing top |
| CN202331995U (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-07-11 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Turnover gyroscope |
| CN106873645A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-20 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Can omnidirectional's precession spherical top mechanism and control method |
| CN109410711A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of demonstration of gyroscopic effect and measuring device |
| CN211935556U (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-11-17 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Manual eddy current gyro |
-
2019
- 2019-10-12 CN CN201910991740.9A patent/CN110639212A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB331972A (en) * | 1929-05-02 | 1930-07-17 | Gustaf Henrik Fabian Berglund | Improvements in gyroscopic compasses |
| JP2010022797A (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-02-04 | Kaori Iwatani | Dancing top |
| CN202331995U (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-07-11 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Turnover gyroscope |
| CN106873645A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-20 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Can omnidirectional's precession spherical top mechanism and control method |
| CN109410711A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of demonstration of gyroscopic effect and measuring device |
| CN211935556U (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-11-17 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Manual eddy current gyro |
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