CN1106356C - 矿物纤维 - Google Patents

矿物纤维 Download PDF

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CN1106356C
CN1106356C CN98803027A CN98803027A CN1106356C CN 1106356 C CN1106356 C CN 1106356C CN 98803027 A CN98803027 A CN 98803027A CN 98803027 A CN98803027 A CN 98803027A CN 1106356 C CN1106356 C CN 1106356C
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mgo
cao
fiber
weight
mineral fibre
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CN1249728A (zh
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迈克尔·佩兰德
简·哈卡拉
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Paroc Group Oy AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2213/00—Glass fibres or filaments
    • C03C2213/02—Biodegradable glass fibres

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有下列组成(%重量)的矿物纤维：SiO2 50-60，Al2O31-6，MgO 16-22，CaO 12-18，Na2O+K2O 0-3，Fe2O3 1-8，P2O5 1-6，其它0-3，由此CaO/MgO重量比＜1和CaO+MgO总量＝30-38%(重量)。

Description

矿物纤维
本发明涉及矿物纤维。
通过熔融和离心矿物原料，如岩石、矿渣或类似的原料而制备的矿物纤维，被广泛地用于制造矿物纤维垫和毡，尤其是用于建筑行业的热和声的绝缘材料。因此这类垫首先应显示出良好的隔热和隔音的绝缘性能。另外，所述垫最好应显示良好的强度和弹性，以及良好的耐温度性。主要由于生产经济的原因，矿物熔体具有生产技术上有利的组成，例如良好的纤维化能力同样是重要的。
在市场上可买到各种各样的绝缘制品，这些制品不仅具有不同的热绝缘性能，而且耐热的程度也各异。耐热矿物纤维制品是指在延长的时间过程中能耐高温而不以任何明显程度改变形状或尺寸的制品。这样的制品从防火的观点看是有吸引力的。
常用的玻璃纤维耐热性可达约550℃，而常用的石棉耐热性更好，几乎可高达约700℃。然而，对具有更高耐热性，最高可达1100-1200℃的制品是有兴趣的，而这样的制品在市场上也能买到。
在近代，从劳动卫生的观点出发认为垫的性能已是日益提高的重要性。因此工作从研究纤维开始，使纤维在生理体液中有高的溶解度，以保证在处理矿物棉的过程中被人体吸收而无需从体中移出，通过在体液中溶解而消失。这种可溶性纤维在例如EP-专利EP-B-558 548中有描述。作为一般的石棉纤维，这种纤维就其氧化镁含量而言氧化钙的含量高，因为一般认为氧化镁对熔体液态温度具有不希望有的提高作用而氧化钙具有所要求的降低作用。
本发明的一个目的在于改进例如在所述EP专利中所述类型的可溶性纤维，以使这种纤维更耐热。本发明的目的还在于能保证纤维制造是以经济有利的方式进行，同时还能保持或改进熔体的玻璃性质和减小过早固化的危险，以及高产率的高质量纤维，例如能保持纤维直径的更长的纤维和具有优良强度的纤维。由这样的纤维还可产生强度、弹性和耐热性均得到改进的纤维垫。
上述的优点可用本发明的矿物纤维达到，这种矿物纤维与EP-B-558 548的纤维相反，相对氧化钙含量来说含有提高的氧化镁含量。令人惊奇地表明，根据本发明，也就是，具有相反CaO/MgO比的含磷纤维，就纤维制造和所获得的纤维以及由该纤维制成的制品而言，上述有利的特性是能达到的。
因此，本发明涉及的矿物纤维具有下列组成(以％重量计)
SiO2                          50-60
Al2O3                        1-6
MgO                            16-22
CaO                            12-18
Na2O+K2O                     0-3
Fe2O3                        1-8
P2O5                         1-6
其它                           0-3，
其中CaO/MgO的重量比＜1，CaO+MgO总和＝30-38％(重量)。
上述名称“其它”成分包括任选的成分，尤为杂质，就制造的纤维性质而言没有显著的重要性，如Ti、Zr、Cr、Mn等，由此各个其它成分优选的存在量不超过1％(重量)。在本说明书中，名称Fe2O3还指两价铁的FeO。
按照优选实施方案，本发明涉及的矿物纤维基本上具有如下的组成(％重量)
SiO2                          53-58
Al2O3                        1-4
MgO                            17-20
CaO                            14-17
Na2O+K2O                     0-3
Fe2O3                        2-6
P2O5                         2-5
其它                           0-3，
由此CaO/MgO重量比＜1。
根据优选实施方案，纤维的组成含有MgO和CaO的量要使CaO/MgO重量比大于0.7，优选为0.7-0.9。根据另一优选实施方案，MgO+CaO总和＝30-37％(重量)，优选为32-35％(重量)。
根据另一优选实施方案，本发明涉及的矿物纤维含18-20％(重量)MgO，尤为18-19％(重量)MgO和15-16％(重量)CaO。这样一种纤维的一个实例具有的组成中基本含有(％重量计)：
SiO2                          54-55
Al2O3                        2-4
MgO                            18-20
CaO                            15-16
Na2O+K2O                     0-2
Fe2O3                        2-4
P2O5                         2-4
其它                           0-2。
按照本发明另一实施方法，矿物纤维基本含有(％重量计)：
SiO2                          53-58
Al2O3                        1-4
MgO                            16-19
CaO                            13-16
Na2O+K2O                     0-2
Fe2O3                        4-8
P2O5                         1-6
其它                           0-2，
由此CaO/MgO重量比＜1和CaO+MgO≥30。
按照本发明再一个实施方案，优选的矿物纤维基本含有(％重量计)：
SiO2                          53-56
Al2O3                        1-4
MgO                            16-18
CaO                            13-15
Na2O+K2O                     0-2
Fe2O3                        6-8
P2O5                         4-6
其它                           0-2，
由此CaO+MgO≥30。
按照本发明，已发现通过使用组成中有高含量的氧化铁，可以提高纤维制品的操作温度至高达1000℃和1000℃以上。
本发明的组合物可用常规方法通过混合和熔融合适的原料而制备。这种原料例如是橄榄石-蛇纹石-滑石基的矿物、铁橄榄石、含钻石火成岩、橄榄岩、石英、石英砂、硅藻土、硅灰石、磷灰石或合成磷酸盐、水泥、石灰、低铝矿渣等。本发明的组合物可以常规方法用于制造纤维，例如通过多级离心所得到的熔体。
原料可以使用研磨并区分为合适的块料或粒径，或者预制成具有合适组成的坯块，单独使用或包含部分原料。
下面的实施例用来说明本发明但不限制本发明。
使冲天炉装上合适量的选自上文所列的原料，以具有纤维制品的预定组成。纤维是按常规方法通过多级离心从所得到的熔体制成的，收集制成的纤维于运输带上以制成矿物纤维的织物。
在下表中，实施例1-6表明本发明纤维的组合物，而标明Ref.A、Ref.B和Ref.C的实施例是参考组合物。
Ref.A是具有常规CaO/MgO比的石棉组合物，但不含磷，而Ref.B是具有“相反”CaO/MgO比的石棉组合物，也不含磷。Ref.C具有常规CaO/MgO比还含磷的石棉组合物。
表
组合物 Ref.A Ref.B Ref.C 1 2 3 4 5 6
SiO2Al2O3MgOCaONa2O+K2OFe2O3P2O5其它 52.03.914.222.00.95.501.0 56.02.617.215.71.06.001.5 51.02.814.718.31.06.74.21.3 53.72.116.713.60.57.44.21.8 54.53.719.315.31.02.82.60.8 5432.718.215.60.54.23.31.2 55.72.119.114.90.43.13.71.0 53.72.918.316.40.72.83.81.4 54.31.518.613.31.36.33.90.8
烧结温度℃最高操作温度℃溶解(ng/cm2h)纤维产率(％)渣(％) 12104510 1270200 1120690500665 11701120580673 1170730703，5 1220750648 1220750684
从表可以看出当CaO/MgO比与常规比值(Ref.A-＞Ref.B)对比相反时，矿棉的烧结温度提高，也就是说它的耐热性提高。这种耐热性的提高便于包含磷，因为磷具有烧结温度降低作用(Ref.A-＞Ref.C)。为了提高纤维在生理体液中的溶解性，加磷是必要的。
由于颠倒CaO/MgO比值，按照本发明，组合物1-6，与Ref.C比较，可以看到耐热性提高。在烧结温度上可以看到差异，同样在表明最大操作温度的温度方面也不同。尤其是对具有高铁含量的组合物1可以得到高操作温度。
由于磷对熔体粘度增加作用，本发明组合物与例如组合物Ref.A比较时，具有明显高的纤维产率和较低的渣含量，这是磷对纤维生产有利影响造成的。另外，含磷纤维组合物较不含磷的组合物(组合物1与Ref.B相比)更易于溶解。

Claims (10)

1.矿物纤维，其特征在于，该纤维具有下列组成，以％重量计：
SiO2                          50-60
Al2O3                        1-6
MgO                            16-22
CaO                            12-18
Na2O+K2O                     0-3
Fe2O3                        1-8
P2O5                         1-6
其它                           0-3，
由此CaO/MgO重量比＜1和CaO+MgO总量＝30-38％重量。
2.按权利要求1所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，该纤维具有下列组成，以％重量计：
SiO2                          53-58
Al2O3                        1-4
MgO                            17-20
CaO                            14-17
Na2O+K2O                     0-3
Fe2O3                        2-6
P2O5                         2-5
其它                           0-3。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，组成中所含的MgO和CaO的量要使CaO/MgO比大于0.7。
4.按权利要求3所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，组成中所含的MgO和CaO的量要使CaO/MgO比为0.7-0.9。
5.按权利要求1-4中任一项所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，在组成中，MgO+CaO总量＝30-37％重量。
6.按权利要求5中所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，在组成中，MgO+CaO总量＝32-35％重量。
7.按权利要求1-6中任一项所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，该矿物纤维含18-20重量％的MgO和15-16重量％的CaO。
8.按权利要求7所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，以重量％计该纤维的组成为：
SiO2                          54-55
Al2O3                        2-4
MgO                            18-20
CaO                            15-16
Na2O+K2O                     0-2
Fe2O3                        2-4
P2O5                         2-4
其它                           0-2。
9.按权利要求1所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，以重量％计，该纤维的组成为：
SiO2                          53-58
Al2O3                        1-4
MgO                            16-19
CaO                            13-16
Na2O+K2O                     0-2
Fe2O3                        4-8
P2O5                         1-6
其它                           0-2。
10.按权利要求9所述的矿物纤维，其特征在于，以重量％计，该纤维的组成为：
SiO2                          53-56
Al2O3                        1-4
MgO                            16-18
CaO                            13-15
Na2O+K2O                     0-2
Fe2O3                        6-8
P2O5                         4-6
其它                           0-2。
CN98803027A 1997-03-10 1998-03-10 矿物纤维 Expired - Fee Related CN1106356C (zh)

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FI970992 1997-03-10
FI970992A FI109294B (sv) 1997-03-10 1997-03-10 Mineralfiber

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NO (1) NO326432B1 (zh)
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EP2354105A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 3B Glass fibre composition and composite material reinforced therewith
EP2354104A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 3B Glass fibre composition and composite material reinforced therewith
EP2354106A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 3B Glass fibre composition and composite material reinforced therewith
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CN104557089A (zh) * 2015-01-07 2015-04-29 山东丽阳新材料股份有限公司 一种环保型无碱耐火纤维的制备方法
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SK120699A3 (en) 2000-06-12
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ATE218518T1 (de) 2002-06-15
PL335465A1 (en) 2000-04-25
NO326432B1 (no) 2008-12-08
SK283386B6 (sk) 2003-06-03
AU6401498A (en) 1998-09-29
US6218322B1 (en) 2001-04-17
PL189010B1 (pl) 2005-06-30
EA002596B1 (ru) 2002-06-27
AU725131B2 (en) 2000-10-05
EP1007488A1 (en) 2000-06-14
FI109294B (sv) 2002-06-28
DE69805809T2 (de) 2002-12-19
NO994370D0 (no) 1999-09-09
ES2175686T3 (es) 2002-11-16
CZ313399A3 (cs) 2000-04-12
EA199900814A1 (ru) 2000-04-24
JP2001514612A (ja) 2001-09-11
FI970992A (fi) 1998-09-11
EP1007488B1 (en) 2002-06-05
WO1998040321A1 (en) 1998-09-17
PT1007488E (pt) 2002-09-30

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