CN110635538B - Resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference and control method - Google Patents
Resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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Abstract
A resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference and a control method thereof are provided, wherein the resonance equalization circuit comprises more than three resonance switch capacitor units with the same structure, and each resonance switch capacitor unit is provided with a battery; the self-resonant switch is connected to the second end of the second resonant switch of any resonant switch capacitance unit and the second end of the first resonant switch respectively. The invention has two working stages, stage 1 can realize energy transmission among all batteries, so that the voltage difference among the batteries is quickly reduced to a mode switching threshold value; the phase 2 can realize energy transmission between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage, and meanwhile, due to the action of the self-resonance switch, the equalization circuit still has larger equalization current when the voltage difference between the batteries is smaller, so that the equalization speed is ensured. Different equalization speeds can be obtained by controlling the switching threshold values of the two modes so as to meet the requirements of different equalization occasions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery/super capacitor voltage equalization, in particular to a resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference and a control method.
Background
The lithium battery and the super capacitor are used as energy storage elements and widely applied to the fields of electric automobiles, distributed power generation systems and the like. A single lithium battery/supercapacitor (hereinafter referred to as a battery for ease of description) has a low rated voltage, so a large number of batteries are typically used in series to provide a sufficiently large voltage to the load. However, the battery cells have inconsistencies in performance, such as internal resistance, voltage, capacity, etc., due to manufacturing. When the battery pack is charged and discharged, the inconsistency can cause inconsistency of voltages of the battery cells, so that the capacity of the battery pack is wasted, and the service life of the battery is reduced. In order to solve such inconsistency problem, improve capacity utilization of the battery, and extend the service life of the battery, it is necessary to add a voltage equalization circuit to the battery pack.
Existing equalization circuits are largely divided into energy-dissipative and non-energy-dissipative types. The energy dissipation type equalization circuit is small in size and low in cost, but equalization energy is consumed in a heat energy mode, and equalization efficiency is low. The non-energy dissipation type equalization circuit uses non-energy dissipation elements such as a capacitor, an inductor and the like as energy transmission media to realize the transmission of energy from a high-voltage battery to a low-voltage battery. The switched capacitor equalization circuit based on the capacitor has been widely studied because of the advantages of simple structure and simple control. The traditional switched capacitor equalization circuit can equalize a plurality of batteries simultaneously, and has higher equalization speed when the voltage difference between the batteries is larger. However, since the balancing current of the switched-capacitor balancing circuit decreases as the voltage difference between the cells decreases, the balancing speed of the switched-capacitor balancing circuit is slow when the voltage difference between the cells is small. Moreover, due to the differences of capacity, internal resistance and the like among batteries and the influence of parasitic parameters of the circuit, the voltage difference after the equalization of the switched capacitor equalization circuit is uncontrollable, and the equalization effect of the equalization circuit is reduced. The resonant switch capacitance balancing circuit can increase the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery through resonance of the capacitor and the inductor, thereby increasing the balancing speed. However, when the voltage difference between the batteries decreases, a problem similar to that of the switched-capacitor equalizing circuit still exists in the resonant switched-capacitor equalizing circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference and a control method.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference comprises more than three resonance switch capacitor units with the same structure, wherein each resonance switch capacitor unit is provided with a battery; the resonant switch capacitance unit comprises a capacitor, an inductor and four resonant switches, and the capacitor and the inductor are connected in series to form a resonant branch; the first end of the first resonant switch is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the second end of the first resonant switch is connected to the second end of the third resonant switch; the first end of the second resonant switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the second end of the second resonant switch is connected to the second end of the fourth resonant switch; two ends of the resonant branch are respectively connected to the second end of the first resonant switch and the second end of the second resonant switch; the first ends of the third resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other, and the first ends of the fourth resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other; the self-resonant switch is connected to the second end of the second resonant switch of any resonant switch capacitor unit and the second end of the first resonant switch respectively.
Further, the resonant switch and the self-resonant switch are both MOS tubes, the source electrode is a first end, and the drain electrode is a second end.
Furthermore, all the resonance switch capacitor units which are not connected with the self-resonance switch are replaced by two MOS tubes which are connected in series; and the sources of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the drains respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch.
Furthermore, all the resonance switch capacitor units which are not connected with the self-resonance switch are replaced by two MOS tubes which are connected in series; and the drains of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the sources of the MOS tubes respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch.
Further, the resonance switch and the self-resonance switch are two MOS tubes connected in series; and the sources of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the drains respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch.
Further, the resonance switch and the self-resonance switch are two MOS tubes connected in series; and the drains of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the sources of the MOS tubes respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch.
A control method of a resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference comprises
Detecting the voltage of each battery, and calculating the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage;
when the voltage difference is greater than the mode switching threshold, the equalization circuit is caused to enter two working states: working state I: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of all the resonant switch capacitor units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit; working state II: the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of all the resonance switch capacitance units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; the two states work alternately until the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold;
when the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold value, the equalizing circuit enters three working states: operating state III: if the battery with the lowest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be off, wherein the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the lowest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch; working state IV: the self-resonant switch is controlled to be turned on, and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, wherein the state is continuously 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch; operating state V: if the battery with the highest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be turned on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the highest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; the three states are alternately operated until the voltage difference is less than the equalization termination threshold.
When the resonance switch or the self-resonance switch is totally or partially composed of two MOS tubes connected in series, the more preferable control method is as follows:
detecting the voltage of each battery, and calculating the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage;
when the voltage difference is greater than the mode switching threshold, the equalization circuit is caused to enter two working states: working state I: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of all resonant switch capacitor units except the resonant switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit; working state II: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of the resonant switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with highest voltage are controlled to be conducted, the third resonant switch and the fourth resonant switch of all other resonant switch capacitor units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit; the two states work alternately until the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold;
when the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold value, the equalizing circuit enters three working states: operating state III: if the battery with the lowest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be off, wherein the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the lowest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch; working state IV: the self-resonant switch is controlled to be turned on, and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, wherein the state is continuously 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch; operating state V: if the battery with the highest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be turned on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the highest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; the three states are alternately operated until the voltage difference is less than the equalization termination threshold.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the equalization circuit is operated in the stage 1 when the maximum voltage difference between the batteries exceeds the mode switching threshold value, and is operated in the stage 2 when the maximum voltage difference between the batteries is less than or equal to the mode switching threshold value. The phase 1 can realize energy transmission among all batteries, so that the voltage difference among the batteries is quickly reduced to a mode switching threshold value; the phase 2 can realize energy transmission between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage, and meanwhile, due to the action of the self-resonance switch, the equalization circuit still has larger equalization current when the voltage difference between the batteries is smaller, so that the equalization speed is ensured. Different equalization speeds can be obtained by controlling the switching threshold values of the two modes so as to meet the requirements of different equalization occasions.
For different resonant switch implementation modes, different control methods are adopted in stage 1, so that different technical effects can be realized: the realization mode of a single MOS tube has simple structure and low cost, but the equalization speed is slower due to the limitation of a control method; the realization mode of the two MOS tubes connected in series can adopt a better control method, and the equalization speed is higher.
For different resonant switch implementation modes, the control method based on battery voltage is adopted in the stage 2, and the stage 2 still has larger balanced current when the voltage difference between the batteries is smaller, so the voltage difference between the batteries can be quickly reduced to the set balanced termination threshold value, and the balanced termination threshold value is controlled in a desired range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3a shows the working state I of example 1;
FIG. 3b shows the working state II of the embodiment 1;
FIG. 3c shows the working state III of example 1;
FIG. 3d shows the operating state IV of example 1;
fig. 3e shows the working state v of embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 shows the capacitance C in equalization mode 1 according to embodiment 1 1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a);
FIG. 5 shows the capacitor C in equalization mode 2 according to embodiment 1 1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a);
FIG. 6 is a simulated waveform of the battery voltage of example 1;
fig. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram of embodiment 2;
FIG. 8a shows the working state I of example 2;
FIG. 8b is the working state II of the embodiment 2;
FIG. 8c is the working state III of example 2;
FIG. 8d shows the working state IV of example 2;
fig. 8e shows the working state v of embodiment 2;
FIG. 9 shows the capacitance C in equalization mode 1 according to embodiment 2 1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a);
fig. 10 is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage of example 2.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference comprises batteries B connected in series in sequence 1 ,B 2 ,…,B n Wherein n is a positive integer of 3 or more; the self-resonant switch also comprises n resonant switch capacitance units and 1 self-resonant switch; wherein, each resonant switch capacitor unit has the same structure; each cell is connected to 1 resonant switched capacitor unit.
As shown in fig. 1, with battery B i (i=1, 2, …, n) connected i-th resonant switched capacitor unit: comprising 1 capacitor C i 1 inductance L i And 4 resonant switches S i1 、S i2 、S i3 、S i4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the First resonant switch S i1 And a third resonant switch S i3 After being connected in series, one end is connected to battery B i The other end of the positive electrode is connected to the common connection point a; second resonant switch S i2 And a fourth resonant switch S i4 After being connected in series, one end is connected to battery B i The other end of the negative electrode is connected to the common connection point b; capacitor C i And inductance L i After being connected in series, one end is connected to a resonant switch S i1 And S is i3 At the midpoint of the series connection, the other end is connected to a resonant switch S i2 And S is i4 At the midpoint of the series connection;
1 self-resonant switch S in equalization circuit r Connected in parallel with the capacitor C 1 And inductance L 1 The two ends of the serial branch are connected in the following specific ways: one end is connected to the resonant switch S 11 And S is 13 At the midpoint of the series connection, the other end is connected to a resonant switch S 12 And S is 14 At the midpoint of the series.
In addition to the above connection, the self-resonant switch S r The two ends of the series branch of the capacitor and the inductor in any resonant switch capacitor unit can be connected in parallel.
The implementation mode of the resonant switch is as follows: all the resonant switches are single MOS tubes; in each resonant switch capacitor unit, a first MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of a third MOS tube, the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the anode of the battery, and the source electrode of the third MOS tube is connected to the common connection point a; the second MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the cathode of the battery, and the source electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected to the common connection point b; self-resonant switch S r Is a single MOS tube, the drain electrode of which is connected with the MOS tube S 11 And S is 13 The middle points of the series connection are connected, and the source electrode is connected with the MOS tube S 12 And S is 14 The midpoints of the series are connected.
The general control method of the technical scheme is as follows:
(1) Calculating the maximum voltage difference DeltaV between the batteries according to the detection results of all the battery voltages Bmax ；
(2) When the maximum voltage difference DeltaV between the batteries Bmax Greater than the mode switching threshold voltage DeltaV 1 When the equalization circuit is operating in equalization mode 1. The equalization mode 1 comprises an operating state I and an operating state II, and the duration of each state is 1/2 of the resonance period of the equalization branch. The energy transmission among all batteries can be realized through the sequential alternate work of the two working states;
(3) When the maximum voltage difference DeltaV between the batteries Bmax Less than or equal to the mode switching threshold voltage DeltaV 1 When the equalization circuit is operating in equalization mode 2. The equalization mode 2 comprises an operating state III, an operating state IV and an operating state V, wherein the duration of each state is 1/2 of the resonance period of the equalization branch, namely the switching period of the equalization circuit is 3/2 of the resonance period of the equalization branch. Wherein, in the working state III, control L 1 C 1 The branch is conducted with the resonance switch connected with the battery with the lowest voltage, and the self-resonance switch S is controlled in the working state IV r Conducting, controlling L in working state V 1 C 1 The branch is conducted with the resonance switch connected with the battery with the highest voltage. By passing throughThe three working states work alternately in turn, so that the energy transmission from the highest voltage battery to the lowest voltage battery can be realized;
(4) When the maximum voltage difference DeltaV between the batteries Bmax Less than the equalization termination threshold voltage DeltaV 2 When this is the case, the equalization process ends.
The implementation manner of the resonant switch can also be as follows: resonant switch S 21 ,S 22 ,S 31 ,S 32 ,…,S n1 ,S n2 Two MOS tubes are connected in reverse series, and the sources of the two MOS tubes are connected; the other resonant switches are single MOS tubes, and MOS tube S 11 ,S 12 Respectively with battery B 1 Is connected with the anode and the cathode of the MOS tube S 13 ,S 23 ,…,S n3 Is connected with a common connection point a, and is a MOS tube S 14 ,S 24 ,…,S n4 Is connected with the common connection point b, MOS tube S r Drain electrode of (d) and MOS transistor S 11 And S is 13 The middle points of the series connection are connected, and the source electrode is connected with the MOS tube S 12 And S is 14 The midpoints of the series are connected. The two MOS tubes in reverse series connection can also be connected with the drain electrode.
The resonance switch and the self-resonance switch can be two MOS tubes which are connected in reverse series, and the sources of the two MOS tubes are connected or the drains of the two MOS tubes are connected.
In the above control method, for different resonant switch implementation modes, the conduction timings of the resonant switch and the self-resonant switch in the equalizing mode 2 are the same, but the conduction timings of the resonant switch and the self-resonant switch in the equalizing mode 1 are different, and the differences are as follows:
for the implementation mode that all the resonant switches are single MOS tubes, the resonant switch S is controlled in the working state I 11 ,S 12 ,S 21 ,S 22 ,…,S n1 ,S n2 On, controlling the resonant switch S in the working state II 13 ,S 14 ,S 23 ,S 24 ,…,S n3 ,S n4 Conducting. In the control mode, in the working state I, all the series branches of the capacitor and the inductor are respectively connected with the corresponding batteries in parallel, and energy is transmitted between the batteries and the capacitor through the inductor; in working state II, allThe series branches of the capacitor and the inductor are connected in parallel, and energy is transmitted between all the capacitors through the inductor.
For the implementation mode that part of the resonant switches are two MOS tubes in reverse series connection, if the battery with the highest voltage is B i Then the resonant switch S is controlled in the working state I 11 ,S 12 ,…,S (i-1)1 ,S (i-1)2 ,S (i+1)1 ,S (i+1)2 ,…,S n1 ,S n2 Conduction and control of MOS tube S in working state II 13 ,S 14 ,S 23 ,S 24 ,…,S n3 ,S n4 And S is i1 ,S i2 Conducting; wherein i=1, 2, …, n; in the control mode, in the working state I, other batteries except the battery with the highest voltage are respectively connected in parallel with the corresponding capacitor and inductor series branch, and energy is transmitted between the battery and the capacitor through the inductor; in the working state II, all the series branches of the capacitor and the inductor are connected in parallel with the battery with the highest voltage, and energy is transmitted between the capacitor and the battery with the highest voltage through the inductor and is transmitted between all the capacitors.
Example 1
An equalization circuit with 4 batteries and all resonant switches being single MOS tubes is taken as an embodiment 1, and a circuit structure diagram is shown in fig. 2. Assume an initial battery voltage V B4 >V B3 >V B2 >V B1 And DeltaV Bmax >ΔV 1 . At this time, the equalization circuit operates in equalization mode 1. The 2 operating states of the equalization circuit in this equalization mode are as follows:
(1) Working state I: control signal controls the resonant switch S 11 、S 12 、S 21 、S 22 、S 31 、S 32 、S 41 、S 42 Conducting; simultaneously controlling the other resonant switches and the self-resonant switch to be turned off; as shown in fig. 3 a. Energy passes through inductance L m In battery B m And capacitor C m Inter-transmission; wherein m=1, 2,3,4.
(2) Working state II: control signal controls the resonant switch S 13 、S 14 、S 23 、S 24 、S 33 、S 34 、S 43 、S 44 Conducting; simultaneously controlling the other resonant switches and the self-resonant switch to be turned off; as shown in fig. 3 b. Energy passes through inductance L 1 、L 2 、L 3 And L 4 At capacitor C 1 、C 2 、C 3 And C 4 And transmitted therebetween.
When the maximum voltage difference between the batteries becomes DeltaV Bmax ≤ΔV 1 When the equalization circuit is operating in equalization mode 2. The 3 working states of the equalizing circuit in the equalizing mode are as follows:
(1) Operating state III: according to the detected battery voltage, the battery with the lowest voltage is B j (j=1, 2,3, 4); control signal controls the resonant switch S 13 、S 14 、S j1 、S j2 、S j3 、S j4 (when j=2, 3, 4) turn-on or resonant switch S 11 、S 12 (when j=1) on; simultaneously controlling the other resonant switches and the self-resonant switch to be turned off; capacitor C 1 Through inductance L 1 To battery B j Energy is transmitted. FIG. 3c shows a battery B 1 The equalization circuit operating state at the lowest voltage, in which the resonant switch S 11 、S 12 Conduction and capacitance C 1 Through inductance L 1 To battery B 1 Energy is transmitted.
(2) Working state VI: control signal controls self-resonant switch S r All resonant switches are controlled to be turned on and turned off at the same time, as shown in fig. 3 d. Capacitor C 1 And inductance L 1 Resonance occurs and the capacitor voltage direction changes from positive to negative.
(3) Operating state V: according to the detected battery voltage, the battery with the highest voltage is B k (k=1, 2,3,4, k+.j); control signal controls the resonant switch S 13 、S 14 、S k1 、S k2 、S k3 、S k4 (when k=2, 3, 4) turn-on or resonant switch S 11 、S 12 (when k=1) on; simultaneously controlling the other resonant switches and the self-resonant switch to be turned off; battery B k Through inductance L 1 To capacitor C 1 Energy is transmitted. FIG. 3e shows battery B 4 Equalizing circuit operation at highest voltageState in which the switch S is resonant 13 、S 14 、S 41 、S 42 、S 43 、S 44 Conduction, battery B 4 Through inductance L 1 To capacitor C 1 Energy is transmitted.
FIG. 4 shows the capacitance C in equalization mode 1 according to embodiment 1 1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a); fig. 5 shows the equalizing capacitance C in equalizing mode 2 according to embodiment 1 1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a); fig. 6 is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage of example 1. Simulation parameters of the circuit: capacitor C 1 、C 2 、C 3 、C 4 Are all 10 mu F, inductance L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 Are all 4.7 mu H, and the parasitic resistance of each capacitor and inductor series branch is 120mΩ; the switching frequency of the equalization mode 1 is 23.25kHz, and the switching frequency of the equalization mode 2 is 15.5kHz; mode switching threshold voltage DeltaV 1 =0.2v, equalization termination threshold voltage Δv 2 =1 mV; replacing the battery with a capacitance of 0.2F; an initial voltage of V B1 ＝3.0V、V B2 ＝3.2V、V B3 ＝3.4V、V B4 ＝3.6V。
As shown in fig. 4, when the equalization circuit is operating in equalization mode 1, the circuit has two operating states, operating states I and ii. In the working state I, the capacitance current is reduced from zero to the minimum value and then becomes zero, and the energy is transmitted from the capacitor C 1 To battery B 1 Capacitance C 1 Is a voltage drop of (2); in operating state II, the current rises from zero to a maximum value and then becomes zero, and energy is transferred from the capacitor with high voltage to the capacitor C 1 Capacitance C 1 Is increased.
As shown in fig. 5, when the equalization circuit is operating in equalization mode 2, the circuit has three operating states, operating states iii, iv and v. In the working state III, flows through the capacitor C 1 From zero to a minimum value and then to zero, and energy from capacitor C 1 To battery B 1 Capacitance C 1 Is a voltage drop of (2); in the working state IV, the capacitor C 1 And inductance L 1 Resonance occurs and flows through the capacitor C 1 Is negative, capacitance C 1 Is reversed in the voltage direction; in the working state VThrough capacitor C 1 The current of (a) rises from zero to a maximum value and becomes zero again, and the energy is from battery B 4 To capacitor C 1 Capacitance C 1 Is increased.
As shown in fig. 6, for a given voltage distribution, the equalization circuit operates in equalization mode 1 first, and then in equalization mode 2 when the maximum voltage difference between the cells is less than 0.2V; equalization mode 1 gradually decreases equalization speed as the voltage difference between the batteries decreases; equalization mode 2 equalizes faster than equalization mode 1 when the voltage difference between the cells is small; the equalization time of the equalization circuit is 0.157s, the average voltage of the equalized batteries is 3.291V, and the voltage difference between the equalized batteries is 0.8mV. The simulation result shows that when the voltage difference between the batteries is smaller, the equalization mode 2 is adopted, so that the equalization speed can be improved; and the voltage difference after equalization can be controlled within 1mV of the set voltage threshold, so that the voltage difference between the batteries after equalization is controlled.
Example 2
An equalization circuit using two MOS transistors with 4 batteries and a part of the resonant switches as source electrodes is embodiment 2, and the circuit structure diagram is shown in fig. 7. Assume an initial battery voltage V B4 >V B3 >V B2 >V B1 And DeltaV Bmax >ΔV 1 . At this time, the equalization circuit operates in equalization mode 1. The 2 operating states of the equalization circuit in this equalization mode are as follows:
(1) Working state I: according to the detected battery voltage, the battery with the highest voltage is B k (k=1, 2,3, 4); control signal controls the resonant switch S k1 、S k2 、S 13 、S 14 、S 23 、S 24 、S 33 、S 34 、S 43 、S 44 And self-resonant switch S r Turning off; while controlling the conduction of the remaining resonant switches. FIG. 8a shows a battery B 4 The equalization circuit operating state at the highest voltage, in which the resonant switch S 11 、S 12 、S 21 、S 22 、S 31 、S 32 Conduction and energy respectively pass through the inductor L 1 、L 2 、L 3 In battery B 1 And a capacitorC 1 Battery B 2 And capacitor C 2 Battery B 3 And capacitor C 3 Inter-transmission.
(2) Working state II: according to the detected battery voltage, the battery with the highest voltage is B k (k=1, 2,3, 4); control signal controls the resonant switch S k1 、S k2 、S 13 、S 14 、S 23 、S 24 、S 33 、S 34 、S 43 、S 44 Conducting while controlling the rest of the resonant switches and the self-resonant switch S r And (5) switching off. FIG. 8B shows a battery B 4 The equalization circuit operating state at the highest voltage, in which the resonant switch S 41 、S 42 、S 13 、S 14 、S 23 、S 24 、S 33 、S 34 、S 43 、S 44 Conduction, energy passing through inductance L 1 、L 2 、L 3 In battery B 4 And capacitor C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Inter-transmission.
When the maximum voltage difference between the batteries becomes DeltaV Bmax ≤ΔV 1 When the equalization circuit is operating in equalization mode 2. The operating state of the equalizing mode 2 in this embodiment is the same as that of equalizing mode 2 in embodiment 1, i.e., the on states of the resonant switch and the self-resonant switch are the same under the same battery voltage distribution; embodiment 2 the three operating states of the equalization pattern 2 are shown in fig. 8c, 8d, 8e, respectively, and the specific description of the operating states is shown in fig. 1 with reference to equalization pattern 2.
FIG. 9 shows the capacitance C in equalization mode 1 according to embodiment 2 1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a); fig. 10 is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage of example 2. The simulation parameters of the circuit were identical to those of example 1.
As shown in fig. 9, the capacitor C in equalizing mode 1 in embodiment 2 1 The voltage and current simulation waveforms of (c) are similar to those of embodiment 1 shown in fig. 4, but the magnitudes of the capacitor voltages and currents are different. At the same time, the magnitudes of the capacitor voltage and current in FIG. 9 are higher than those in FIG. 4, illustrating the circuit configuration in embodiment 2And under the control method, the equalizing circuit has larger equalizing current in the equalizing mode 1.
As shown in fig. 10, the equalization circuit is firstly operated in the equalization mode 1, and is operated in the equalization mode 2 when the maximum voltage difference between the batteries is less than 0.2V; the equalization time of the equalization circuit is 0.088s, the average voltage of the equalized batteries is 3.291V, and the voltage difference between the equalized batteries is 0.9mV. The equalization structure and control method of embodiment 2 are described to achieve the desired equalization target, and the voltage difference between the cells after equalization is controlled within 1mV of the set threshold. Meanwhile, the equalization time of example 2 is smaller than that of example 1 shown in fig. 6. Wherein, the time of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 in the equalizing mode 2 is basically the same, but the time of the embodiment 2 in the equalizing mode 1 is smaller than the time of the embodiment 1 in the equalizing mode 1. The above results demonstrate that the structure and control method employed in example 2 has a faster equalization speed in equalization mode 1.
In combination with the results of example 1 and example 2, it is clear that the control method used in the present invention is similar in different resonant switch implementations, but the control method in equalizing mode 1 is different. The control method of equalizing mode 1 in embodiment 1 is applicable to all the resonant switch implementations of the present invention, but the equalizing speed is slower; the control method in embodiment 2 is suitable for the implementation mode that part of the resonant switches are bidirectional controllable switches or all of the resonant switches and all of the self-resonant switches are bidirectional controllable switches, and the equalization speed of the control method is higher.
In summary, the resonant equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference and the control method can solve the problem that the equalization speed is low when the voltage difference between batteries of the traditional switched capacitor equalization circuit is smaller by combining two equalization modes; meanwhile, the invention can control the voltage difference between the balanced batteries within the set voltage difference threshold value, and solves the problem that the voltage difference between the batteries is uncontrollable after the balance of the traditional switched capacitor balance circuit.
Claims (5)
1. The control method of the resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference is characterized in that the resonance equalization circuit comprises more than three resonance switch capacitor units with the same structure, and each resonance switch capacitor unit is provided with a battery; the resonant switch capacitance unit comprises a capacitor, an inductor and four resonant switches, and the capacitor and the inductor are connected in series to form a resonant branch; the first end of the first resonant switch is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the second end of the first resonant switch is connected to the second end of the third resonant switch; the first end of the second resonant switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the second end of the second resonant switch is connected to the second end of the fourth resonant switch; two ends of the resonant branch are respectively connected to the second end of the first resonant switch and the second end of the second resonant switch; the first ends of the third resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other, and the first ends of the fourth resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other; the self-resonant switch is connected to the second end of the second resonant switch of any resonant switch capacitor unit and the second end of the first resonant switch respectively; comprising the following steps:
detecting the voltage of each battery, and calculating the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage;
when the voltage difference is greater than the mode switching threshold, the equalization circuit is caused to enter two working states:
working state I: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of all the resonant switch capacitor units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit;
working state II: the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of all the resonance switch capacitance units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit;
the two states work alternately until the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold;
when the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold value, the equalizing circuit enters three working states:
operating state III: if the battery with the lowest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be off, wherein the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the lowest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch;
operating state IV: the self-resonant switch is controlled to be turned on, and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, wherein the state is continuously 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch;
operating state V: if the battery with the highest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be turned on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the highest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; the three states are alternately operated until the voltage difference is less than the equalization termination threshold.
2. The control method of the resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference is characterized in that the resonance equalization circuit comprises more than three resonance switch capacitor units with the same structure, and each resonance switch capacitor unit is provided with a battery; the resonant switch capacitance unit comprises a capacitor, an inductor and four resonant switches, and the capacitor and the inductor are connected in series to form a resonant branch; the first end of the first resonant switch is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the second end of the first resonant switch is connected to the second end of the third resonant switch; the first end of the second resonant switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the second end of the second resonant switch is connected to the second end of the fourth resonant switch; two ends of the resonant branch are respectively connected to the second end of the first resonant switch and the second end of the second resonant switch; the first ends of the third resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other, and the first ends of the fourth resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other; the self-resonant switch is connected to the second end of the second resonant switch of any resonant switch capacitor unit and the second end of the first resonant switch respectively; the third resonant switch, the fourth resonant switch and the self-resonant switch of all the resonant switch capacitor units are MOS tubes, the source electrode is a first end, and the drain electrode is a second end; the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of the resonant switch capacitor unit are MOS tubes, the source electrode of the resonant switch capacitor unit is a first end, and the drain electrode of the resonant switch capacitor unit is a second end;
all the resonance switch capacitor units which are not connected with the self-resonance switch are two MOS tubes which are connected in series; the sources of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the drains respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch; comprising the following steps:
detecting the voltage of each battery, and calculating the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage;
when the voltage difference is greater than the mode switching threshold, the equalization circuit is caused to enter two working states:
working state I: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of all resonant switch capacitor units except the resonant switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit;
working state II: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of the resonant switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with highest voltage are controlled to be conducted, the third resonant switch and the fourth resonant switch of all other resonant switch capacitor units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit;
the two states work alternately until the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold;
when the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold value, the equalizing circuit enters three working states:
operating state III: if the battery with the lowest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be off, wherein the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the lowest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch;
operating state IV: the self-resonant switch is controlled to be turned on, and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, wherein the state is continuously 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch;
operating state V: if the battery with the highest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be turned on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the highest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; the three states are alternately operated until the voltage difference is less than the equalization termination threshold.
3. The method for controlling a resonant equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference as claimed in claim 2, wherein sources of the two serially connected MOS transistors are connected, drains respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch, and the two MOS transistors are replaced by: and the drains of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the sources of the MOS tubes respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch.
4. The control method of the resonance equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference is characterized in that the resonance equalization circuit comprises more than three resonance switch capacitor units with the same structure, and each resonance switch capacitor unit is provided with a battery; the resonant switch capacitance unit comprises a capacitor, an inductor and four resonant switches, and the capacitor and the inductor are connected in series to form a resonant branch; the first end of the first resonant switch is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the second end of the first resonant switch is connected to the second end of the third resonant switch; the first end of the second resonant switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the second end of the second resonant switch is connected to the second end of the fourth resonant switch; two ends of the resonant branch are respectively connected to the second end of the first resonant switch and the second end of the second resonant switch; the first ends of the third resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other, and the first ends of the fourth resonant switches of all the resonant switch capacitor units are connected with each other; the self-resonant switch is connected to the second end of the second resonant switch of any resonant switch capacitor unit and the second end of the first resonant switch respectively; the resonant switch and the self-resonant switch are two MOS tubes connected in series; the sources of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the drains respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch; comprising the following steps:
detecting the voltage of each battery, and calculating the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage;
when the voltage difference is greater than the mode switching threshold, the equalization circuit is caused to enter two working states:
working state I: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of all resonant switch capacitor units except the resonant switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit;
working state II: the first resonant switch and the second resonant switch of the resonant switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with highest voltage are controlled to be conducted, the third resonant switch and the fourth resonant switch of all other resonant switch capacitor units are controlled to be conducted, the self-resonant switch and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch circuit;
the two states work alternately until the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold;
when the voltage difference is smaller than or equal to the mode switching threshold value, the equalizing circuit enters three working states:
operating state III: if the battery with the lowest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be off, wherein the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the lowest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the lowest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch;
operating state IV: the self-resonant switch is controlled to be turned on, and other resonant switches are controlled to be turned off, wherein the state is continuously 1/2 of the resonant period of the resonant branch;
operating state V: if the battery with the highest voltage is a battery configured by a resonance switch capacitor unit connected with a self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch and the second resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be turned on, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; if the battery with the highest voltage is not the battery configured by the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, the first resonance switch, the second resonance switch, the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the battery with the highest voltage are controlled to be connected with the third resonance switch and the fourth resonance switch of the resonance switch capacitor unit connected with the self-resonance switch, and the self-resonance switch and other resonance switches are controlled to be turned off, and the state duration is 1/2 of the resonance period of the resonance branch circuit; the three states are alternately operated until the voltage difference is less than the equalization termination threshold.
5. The method for controlling a resonant equalization circuit with controllable equalization voltage difference as claimed in claim 4, wherein sources of said two serially connected MOS transistors are connected, drains respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch, and are replaced by: and the drains of the two MOS tubes connected in series are connected, and the sources of the MOS tubes respectively form a first end and a second end of the resonant switch.
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