CN110632275A - Underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed and test method - Google Patents
Underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test bed and a test method for a disturbance similar model of an underground engineering, which comprises a model box, wherein the model box comprises an inner frame, a middle frame and an outer frame, the inner frame is sleeved in the middle frame, and the middle frame is sleeved in the outer frame; the top in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of hydraulic loading devices, the bottom in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of horizontal first linear slide rails, the tops of the first linear slide rails are connected with a first slide block in a sliding manner, the top of the first slide block is provided with a sample box, a protection spring is fixedly arranged between the first slide block and the sample box, and a buffer protection layer is also arranged between the bottom in the inner frame and the sample box; the side part and the bottom of the sample box are both provided with wave absorbing layers; the middle frame is characterized in that the inner side portion of the middle frame is provided with a plurality of second linear sliding rails in the vertical direction, the outer side portion of the inner frame is provided with a second sliding block and a second linear sliding rail sliding connection, the inner bottom portion of the middle frame is provided with a first actuator and a plurality of supporting springs, and the tops of the first actuator and the supporting springs are connected with the bottom of the outer side of the inner frame.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the field of underground engineering tests, and particularly relates to an underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed and a test method.
Background
Dynamic pressure roadways, i.e. roadways affected by the pressure of the mining disturbance. Mining or near engineering excavation are big to peripheral lane (tunnel) disturbance influence, can increase lane (tunnel) deformation or accelerate lane (tunnel) deformation destruction, and this kind of disturbance effect can carry out the analysis through field test, but the test cost is high, and the error is big, single factor variable can't be controlled, is unfavorable for developing theoretical research or summarize the law. The physical model test based on the similar theory can invert the actual engineering, obtain the constitutive relation of a test body in the model and reversely push the constitutive relation to the simulated engineering prototype, thereby obtaining the internal rule of the engineering prototype or developing theoretical research.
Excavation disturbance is generally transmitted to roadway surrounding rocks along two directions (transversely and longitudinally), similar to p-waves and s-waves in seismic body waves, and the current test device cannot well simulate the excavation disturbance influence on an exit (tunnel) road or cannot well consider the overlying strata gravity influence, namely cannot simulate the buried depth influence. The dynamic pressure roadway support physical model test device provided by the patent CN201511021371.9 can only simulate longitudinal disturbance, and the bearing capacity of a single actuator at the bottom is limited, so that a model with larger mass cannot be supported, and a similar model is small and mining disturbance influence cannot be truly inverted; in addition, the direct arrangement of the actuator at the top of the model can cause the load of the simulated overlying strata to form periodic variation, the natural stable load of the overlying strata cannot be truly expressed, and the simulation of the burial depth is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a test bed for a disturbance similar model of an underground project. The test bed is of a self-balancing structure, static load and disturbance load act on the similar body inside the model box, the load is reduced to be transmitted to the outside by utilizing the closed frame structure, and cross influence with the surrounding environment is avoided in the test process.
The first invention of the present disclosure is to provide a test bed for a disturbance similar model of an underground engineering, and to achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure adopts the following technical scheme:
a similar model test stand for disturbance of underground engineering comprises a model box, wherein the model box comprises an inner frame, a middle frame and an outer frame, the inner frame is sleeved in the middle frame, and the middle frame is sleeved in the outer frame;
the top in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of hydraulic loading devices, the bottom in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of horizontal first linear slide rails, the tops of the first linear slide rails are connected with a first slide block in a sliding manner, the top of the first slide block is provided with a sample box, a protection spring is fixedly arranged between the first slide block and the sample box, and a buffer protection layer is also arranged between the bottom in the inner frame and the sample box; the side part and the bottom of the sample box are both provided with wave absorbing layers;
the inner side part of the middle frame is provided with a plurality of second linear sliding rails in the vertical direction, the outer side part of the inner frame is provided with a second sliding block which is connected with the second linear sliding rails in a sliding manner, the inner bottom part of the middle frame is provided with a first actuator and a plurality of supporting springs, and the tops of the first actuator and the supporting springs are connected with the outer bottom part of the inner frame;
the top sets up a plurality of levels to third linear slide rail in the outer frame, and well frame outside top sets up third slider and third linear slide rail sliding connection, and the bottom sets up a plurality of levels to fourth linear slide rail in the outer frame, and well frame outside bottom sets up fourth slider and fourth linear slide rail sliding connection, outer frame inside portion sets up the second actuator, and the second actuator is connected with well frame outside lateral part.
The working principle of the test bed disclosed by the invention is as follows:
the model box consists of three layers of frames, and the hydraulic loading device directly applies pressure to the model material in the test box and can simulate the action of the pressure of the front support of the roadway; the first actuator generates vibration to load the inner frame to enable the inner frame to move up and down along the second linear slide rail, the second actuator generates vibration to load the inner frame to enable the inner frame to move left and right along the third linear slide rail and the fourth linear slide rail, and the influence of seismic waves generated by periodic collapse of a goaf top plate far away from a roadway on the stability of the roadway can be simulated.
The three layers of frames are loaded independently and not mutually influenced, and can be loaded simultaneously, so that the adverse effect of seismic waves induced by mining activities on the roadway is simulated really.
As a further technical scheme, the longitudinal sections of the inner frame, the middle frame and the outer frame are in a shape of Chinese character 'hui'.
As a further technical scheme, the inner frame is formed by enclosing an inner frame top beam, an inner frame bottom beam and an inner frame upright post into an integral frame.
As a further technical scheme, the sample box is filled with a model material, a tunnel/tunnel model sample is buried in the model material, the top of the sample box is open, the front plate of the sample box is an organic glass plate, and the left side plate of the sample box is detachable.
As a further technical scheme, a soil pressure cell is buried in the model material, a strain gauge is arranged on the model sample, the strain gauge and the soil pressure cell are both connected with a strain acquisition instrument, and the strain acquisition instrument is connected with a test bed controller.
As a further technical scheme, vibration pickups are arranged on the bottom and the side of the sample box and connected with the strain acquisition instrument.
As a further technical scheme, the first actuator is arranged at the center of the bottom of the middle frame, and the plurality of supporting springs are respectively arranged on two sides of the first actuator.
As a further technical scheme, the hydraulic loading device and the second actuator are both provided with load distribution structures, the loading end part of the hydraulic loading device is also provided with a loading plate, and two ends of the loading plate are both fixedly connected with the load distribution structures.
As a further technical scheme, the first linear slide rail, the second linear slide rail, the third linear slide rail and the fourth linear slide rail are all provided with detachable fixing bolts to fix the positions of the corresponding sliding blocks.
According to a further technical scheme, reinforcing angle steel is arranged at the inner side part of the inner frame.
The second invention of the present disclosure proposes a test method for a disturbance similar model test bed of an underground engineering, which includes the following steps:
manufacturing a tunnel/tunnel model sample, wherein a supporting structure is arranged on the outer side of the model sample, a strain gauge is arranged on the outer side of the supporting structure, the model sample is placed in a sample box, a model material is filled in the sample box, a soil pressure box is embedded in a preset position of the model material, the strain gauge and the soil pressure box are both connected with a strain acquisition instrument, and a test box is placed in an inner frame;
loading the model material by a hydraulic loading device, stopping loading after the self-weight stress value of the model material is reached, and maintaining the state for a set time;
applying advanced supporting pressure to the model material through a hydraulic loading device, and carrying out mining disturbance simulation loading on the model material by a first actuator and/or a second actuator; the excavation disturbance of the coal seam above the roadway can be simulated when only the first actuator is opened; and the influence of mining disturbance of nearby coal seams can be simulated when the two actuators are simultaneously operated.
And (3) loading the excavation disturbance simulation to a preset value, presetting disturbance frequency and amplitude, maintaining the state for setting time, starting unloading, storing test data after the unloading is finished, and finishing the test.
The beneficial effect of this disclosure does:
the similar model test bed is provided with the model boxes with three layers of frames, the linear slide rails are arranged between the adjacent layers of frames, when corresponding loads are applied to test, a self-balancing state can be achieved, static pressure and disturbance loads can be resisted automatically without applying other external forces, cross influence of the test bed and the surrounding environment is reduced, and the test is convenient.
This similar model test bench of disclosure sets up supporting spring in inner frame bottom, bears the pressure on upper portion when not testing, protection actuator, can assist the model box inner frame better moreover and vibrate from top to bottom. The distance that the actuator moved up and down is controlled well during the experiment can eliminate the error influence that the elasticity of supporting spring caused to the experiment completely.
This disclosed similar model experiment table establishes protection spring between first slider and the sample case, establishes the buffering protective layer between sample case and the internal frame bottom steel sheet. When the test is carried out, the top of the model box is subjected to static pressure load, the protection spring is compressed, the buffer protection layer is contacted with the bottom of the sample box, the static pressure load is converted to be borne by the buffer protection layer, and the first sliding rail and the sliding block are not stressed any more, so that crushing is prevented.
According to the similar model test bed disclosed by the invention, the wave absorbing layers are arranged at the side part and the bottom part of the sample box, so that seismic waves transmitted by disturbance load can be absorbed, and the influence on the test result caused by the rebound vibration waves of the side part and the bottom structure can be avoided.
According to the similar model test bed disclosed by the invention, the vertical plate at the side part of the sample box is arranged in a detachable manner, so that a tester can conveniently enter the model box to install a model in the sample box during a preparation test.
The similar model test bed disclosed by the invention can realize artificial easy control on factors which have large influence on a test result, such as boundary conditions and the like; the device is not influenced by external environment, is very flexible and is convenient to operate; the method can highlight the main factors and ignore the secondary factors, is convenient for changing the factors and carrying out repeated experiments, and is beneficial to verifying or checking a new theory.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a test stand disclosed in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the mold box;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the middle and inner frames;
FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the inner frame;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the test stand;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of a mold box during testing;
in the figure, 1-model box, 2-strain acquisition instrument, 3-control computer, 4-hydraulic system, 5-console, 6-outer frame top beam, 7-linear slide rail, 8-outer frame upright post, 9-outer frame side plate, 10-right actuator, 11-fixing bolt, 12-outer frame bottom beam, 13-middle frame top beam, 14-middle frame side plate, 15-middle frame upright post, 16-linear slide rail, 17-bottom actuator, 18-supporting spring, 19-middle frame bottom plate, 20-middle frame bottom beam, 21-inner frame top beam, 22-hydraulic jack, 23-inner frame upright post, 24-vibration pickup, 25-tunnel/tunnel model sample, 26-organic glass plate, 27-a wave absorbing layer, 28-a linear slide rail, 29-a buffer protection layer, 30-an inner frame bottom beam, 31-a protection spring, 32-an inner frame bottom steel plate, 33-an oil supply pipe, 34-a reinforcing angle steel, 35-a data transmission line, 36-a load distribution structure, 37-a loading plate, 38-a sample box side plate, 39-a strain gauge, 40-steel pipe concrete, 41-a soil pressure box, 42-similar surrounding rock and 43-a sample box.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in this disclosure, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate description of the disclosure and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the disclosure.
As introduced in the background art, the inventor finds that the current test device cannot well simulate the excavation disturbance influence on an exit (tunnel) or cannot well consider the overburden gravity influence, namely cannot simulate the buried depth influence.
The application provides a similar model test bench of underground engineering disturbance, which comprises a model box, wherein the model box comprises an inner frame, a middle frame and an outer frame, the inner frame is sleeved in the middle frame, and the middle frame is sleeved in the outer frame;
the top in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of hydraulic loading devices, the bottom in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of horizontal first linear slide rails, the tops of the first linear slide rails are connected with a first slide block in a sliding manner, the top of the first slide block is provided with a sample box, a protection spring is fixedly arranged between the first slide block and the sample box, and a buffer protection layer is also arranged between the bottom in the inner frame and the sample box; the side part and the bottom of the sample box are both provided with wave absorbing layers;
the inner side part of the middle frame is provided with a plurality of second linear sliding rails in the vertical direction, the outer side part of the inner frame is provided with a second sliding block which is connected with the second linear sliding rails in a sliding manner, the inner bottom part of the middle frame is provided with a first actuator and a plurality of supporting springs, and the tops of the first actuator and the supporting springs are connected with the outer bottom part of the inner frame;
the top sets up a plurality of levels to third linear slide rail in the outer frame, and well frame outside top sets up third slider and third linear slide rail sliding connection, and the bottom sets up a plurality of levels to fourth linear slide rail in the outer frame, and well frame outside bottom sets up fourth slider and fourth linear slide rail sliding connection, outer frame inside portion sets up the second actuator, and the second actuator is connected with well frame outside lateral part.
Example 1
The test bench disclosed in the present embodiment is further described with reference to fig. 1 to 6;
referring to the attached figure 1, the similar disturbance model test bed for the underground engineering comprises a model box 1, a strain acquisition instrument 2, a control computer 3, a hydraulic system 4 and a control platform 5;
as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the mold box 1 is composed of three parts, i.e., an inner frame, a middle frame and an outer frame. The inner frame is sleeved in the middle frame, the middle frame is sleeved in the outer frame, and the longitudinal sections of the inner frame, the middle frame and the outer frame are in a shape of Chinese character 'hui'.
As shown in fig. 4, the inner frame is composed of an inner frame top beam 21, an inner frame bottom beam 30, and inner frame pillars 23 on the left and right sides to constitute an integral frame. The inner frame bottom beam 30, the inner frame upright columns 23 on the two sides and the inner frame top beam 21 are all made of I-steel, and the four are welded in sequence.
Set up sample box 43 in the inner frame, the model material is established to sample box 43 intussuseption, buries tunnel/tunnel model sample 25 underground in the model material, and sample box open-top, the front bezel of sample box are organic glass board 26, can observe the deformation condition of model sample like this when the experiment goes on. The left riser of sample case is by the combination of three steel sheets 10mm thick, and a height 1m and the welding of internal frame bottom plate of bottommost, two upper blocks are high 0.5m and can dismantle, so not only do not influence the wholeness of model, the experimenter of being convenient for moreover gets into the inside experimental model of laying of model case.
The top of the inner frame is provided with 6 hydraulic jacks 22 (namely hydraulic loading devices) for applying loads to the model materials, the bottom of each hydraulic jack 22 is provided with a loading plate 37, each loading plate 37 is horizontally arranged, two ends of each loading plate 37 are fixedly connected with load distribution structures 36, each load distribution structure 36 is an inclined plate type structure, each load distribution structure 36 is connected to the corresponding hydraulic jack 22, each load distribution structure 36 distributes forces to the corresponding loading plate 37, and the loading plates 37 arranged at the bottoms of the adjacent hydraulic jacks 22 are adjacent to each other, so that the forces applied to the model materials by the hydraulic jacks 22 are more uniform.
Be provided with inner frame bottom steel plate 32 on the inner frame floorbar 30, install three level to linear slide rail 28 on the bottom steel plate, linear slide rail 28 level sets up, and linear slide rail 28 sets up for the front and back, follows inner frame both sides portion riser width direction promptly, can push out the sample case from the back like this when the model is laid in the experiment, is convenient for lay the test model. The tops of the three linear slide rails 28 are matched with the slide blocks, the protection springs 31 are arranged between the tops of the slide blocks and the sample box, the buffer protection layer 29 is arranged between the bottom of the sample box and the steel plate 32 at the bottom of the inner frame, and the buffer protection layer 29 can be made of rubber, foam and the like. When the test is carried out, the upper hydraulic jack 22 applies pressure to the die-type material, the die-type material is transferred to the bottom of the sample box, the protective spring 31 on the upper portion of the linear slide rail 28 is compressed, the buffer protective layer 29 is in contact with the bottom of the sample box, the static pressure load is transferred to be borne by the buffer protective layer 29, and finally the static pressure load is transferred to the inner frame bottom steel plate 32 on the lower portion of the linear slide rail 28 and then transferred to the inner frame bottom beam 30, so that three linear slide rails on the lower portion of the inner frame can be protected from directly bearing the pressure applied by the upper hydraulic jack.
Two vibration pickers 24 are respectively mounted on the bottom plate of the sample box and the side plate 38 of the sample box for testing the variation of the disturbance load generated by the actuator in the test. In conducting the test, the sample box is placed inside the inner frame with the sample box side panels 38 in contact with the inner frame side posts.
A small hole with the diameter of 3cm is formed in the vertical plate on the left side of the inner frame sample box, so that a collecting element data transmission line arranged in a model sample can be conveniently connected out.
Disturbance load that the actuator produced in the experiment propagates with the form of seismic wave, but can not continue to propagate at the bottom plate of model box and curb plate department, but can rebound, can cause stress stack influence to the experiment like this, and disturbance load's wave can propagate towards infinity in the actual conditions, and this disclosure all is equipped with wave attenuation layer 27 in the bottom plate of sample box and curb plate inside and is used for absorbing the seismic wave that disturbance load transmitted.
As shown in figure 2, the middle frame is an integral frame consisting of a middle frame top beam 13, a middle frame bottom beam 20 and a middle frame upright post 15, a vertical linear slide rail 16 is arranged on the inner side of the middle frame upright post 15, and a slide block arranged on the outer side of an inner frame upright post 23 is connected with the linear slide rail 16 in a sliding manner so as to enable an inner frame to move up and down along the inner frame upright post. The middle frame bottom beam 20 is provided with a middle frame bottom plate 19, the middle frame bottom plate 19 is provided with a bottom actuator 17 for controlling the inner frame to move up and down, and the outer side of the middle frame upright post 15 is provided with a middle frame side plate 14. Four supporting springs 18 are arranged on the middle frame bottom plate 19, so that the pressure of the upper part can be borne, the actuator is protected, and the up-and-down vibration of the inner frame of the model box can be better assisted.
As shown in figure 2, the outer frame is composed of outer frame top beams 6, outer frame bottom beams 12 and outer frame upright columns 8, and horizontal linear slide rails 7 are arranged on the inner sides of the outer frame top beams 6 and the outer frame bottom beams 13 and used for enabling the middle frame to move left and right. The right outer frame post 8 is provided with a 10mm thick steel plate on the inside to form the outer frame side plate 9 and a right actuator 10 to control the movement of the middle frame. The right actuator 10 is terminated with a load distribution structure, similar to that described above.
The loading system of the model box consists of 6 hydraulic jacks 22 arranged at the top of the frame in the model box, 1 bottom actuator 17, 1 right actuator 10, an external hydraulic system 4 and a control console 5. The top hydraulic jack 22 is used for simulating the action of the extra-front supporting pressure applied to the roadway/tunnel, and the right actuator 10 and the bottom actuator 17 are used for simulating the vibration caused when seismic waves generated by periodic caving of a top plate of a goaf at the far position of the roadway/tunnel are transmitted to a model roadway/tunnel area. The earthquake waves generated by periodic caving of the remote goaf appear in wave shapes when being transmitted to the model roadway/tunnel region, so that the model roadway/tunnel region is influenced by the earthquake waves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
In the scheme of the disclosure, each linear slide rail 7, 16, 28 is provided with a detachable fixing bolt 11. Each linear slide rail matched with slider rigid coupling is in the well frame that can remove and the internal frame outside, and fixing bolt installs on linear slide rail, can install fixing bolt in the bolt hole that linear slide rail set up in advance when not needing the motion of a certain direction, can control the slider not move like this, all has four to five sliders on every linear slide rail, and every slider next door all is provided with fixing bolt, can guarantee that this direction can not move when using and influence the experiment. When the bolt is not used, the bolt can be detached, the bolt hole is arranged below the linear slide rail, the slide block moves above the linear slide rail, and the movement of the model box cannot be influenced. When the test is carried out, the linear slide rail in a certain direction can be locked according to the test requirement, so that the disturbance simulation test in a single direction can be carried out and is not interfered.
The top 6 hydraulic jacks 22 are grouped as 1, plus the bottom actuator 17 and the right actuator 10 together are grouped into 3 groups. As shown in fig. 5, 5 oil supply pipes 33 are branched from the hydraulic system 4 to supply oil to the hydraulic jack 22, the bottom actuator 17 and the right actuator 10, respectively, so that the disturbance load test at different positions can be performed. And the periphery of the outer side of the sample box is provided with reinforcing angle steel 34, so that the overall rigidity of the model box is increased. The hydraulic system 4 is provided with a control console 5, and the control console 5 is connected with the control computer 3, so that the loading mode and speed can be controlled by the computer.
As shown in fig. 6, similar surrounding rocks 42 are used as model materials filled in the sample box, model samples are buried in the model materials, and the steel pipe concrete 40 is used for simulating a tunnel/tunnel in the model samples.
The test system of the model box mainly comprises a strain acquisition instrument 2, a strain gauge 39 adhered to the outer side of a supporting structure of a roadway/tunnel model sample (including a supporting structure), a soil pressure cell 41 embedded in a model material and a data transmission line 35 of a vibration pickup 24, wherein the strain acquisition instrument 2 is connected through a small hole of a steel plate on the left side of the model box and then connected into a controller, namely a control computer through a data line. The strain gauge 2 is made by the prior art and will not be described in detail herein.
The specific process of the test bed for testing is as follows:
before the test, firstly, a roadway/tunnel model sample (comprising a supporting structure) which is a similar model reduced in equal proportion is manufactured, a strain gauge is pasted on the outer side of the supporting structure, a sample box is placed into the similar surrounding rock and the model sample according to the designed size, and a soil pressure box is buried in the designed position. The data transmission lines of the soil pressure box, the strain gauge and the vibration pickup extend out from the small hole on the left side of the model box in advance to be connected with the strain acquisition instrument. The similar surrounding rock is generally prepared by adding water into mixtures such as cement, sand, gypsum and the like and stirring, and is poured and compacted in a sample box in a layering manner, so that the mechanical parameters of materials of each layer and the mechanical parameters of rock strata in a prototype meet the similar theory. The sample box is placed in the inner frame of the model box, and the detachable vertical plate on the left side of the sample box is installed after the sample box is placed, so that test preparation work is completed.
And (4) starting the test after the preparation work is finished, firstly loading the model material by using a top hydraulic jack, stopping loading after the model material is loaded to a self-weight stress value matched with the actual engineering on the top of the model material, and maintaining the state for a set time. The first part of the test is then started and the model material is subjected to a leading bearing pressure by the top hydraulic jack, throughout the entire test. And a second part for testing according to the test design when the first part of the test is carried out is used for simulating the vibration caused when seismic waves generated by periodic collapse of a top plate of the goaf at the far position of the roadway are transmitted to the roadway area of the model through the first actuator and the second actuator. The excavation disturbance of the coal seam above the roadway can be simulated when only the first actuator is opened; and the influence of mining disturbance of nearby coal seams can be simulated when the two actuators are simultaneously operated.
And (3) disturbance loading is carried out to a preset value, disturbance frequency and amplitude are preset, the state is maintained for setting time, unloading is started, test data are stored after the unloading is finished, and the test is finished.
After the test is started, the right actuator applies a force F in the left-right direction to the middle frameRight sideThe middle frame can move left and right through the upper and lower linear sliding rails of the outer frame, and the generated friction force is fIn，fInGravity G generated by the middle frameInAnd the friction coefficient k is calculated, so that the force applied to the middle frame is as follows:
Fin＝FRight side-fIn＝FRight side-GIn·k
FInWith FRight sideThe period of the vibration is changed, and the vibration frequency is the same.
The sum of the gravity of the bottom of the inner frame subjected to self structure gravity, the gravity of the model body and the gravity of the similar surrounding rock before the test is GInner partThe lower part of the inner frame is provided with a supporting spring to reduce the starting load and the working resistance of the bottom actuator, and the length of the supporting spring is x1When the test is carried out, the inner frame of the model box can move up and down under the action of the actuator, and the support bomb moves to the highest positionThe length of the spring being x2Let k be the elastic coefficient of the support spring and F be the force applied by the actuator to the inner frameLower part。
The inner frame was stationary before the test was performed and the force to which the inner frame was subjected was
FInner 1＝FBullet 1＝GInner part＝k·(x-x1) (1)
When the inner frame moves to the highest point, the inner frame is static, and the force applied to the inner frame is 0, for example
FInner 2＝FLower part-GInner part-FBullet 2＝FLower part-GInner part-k·(x2-x)＝0 (2)
Assuming that the displacement generated when the inner frame moves to the highest point is the same as the displacement when the inner frame is at the lowest point before the test, the following formula is given:
x2-x＝x-x1 (3)
at this time FBullet 1＝FBullet 2Combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3) to obtain FLower part＝2GInner part (4)
From the formula (4), it can be seen that when the displacement generated when the inner frame moves to the highest point is the same as the displacement when the inner frame is at the lowest point before the test, the force applied to the inner frame is only related to the gravity of the inner frame and is not related to the elastic force brought by the supporting spring. Therefore, when the inner frame moves in the movement interval, the force received by the inner frame only reacts with the self gravity and the generated friction force fInner partIn this connection, the influence of the supporting spring can be completely eliminated.
Compared with field test experiments, the test bed disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the indoor structure model experiment shows irreplaceable superiority in the regularity of research problems; for some structures being designed, model experiments can be used to perform project design and check the rationality of the project.
The test bench provided by the present disclosure can perform the following tests:
(1) similar model experiments of the tunnel or mine roadway influenced by dynamic load disturbance can be completed, for example, when a shallow tunnel and a high-speed rail are crossed, the dynamic load of a high-speed rail train influences the stability of the tunnel; mining disturbance influence; stability influence of karst caves under high-speed railway foundations and the like.
(2) Tunnel excavation can be simulated.
The disturbance load model experiment table provided by the disclosure can reduce the existing tunnel or roadway in equal proportion, and then carry out similar simulation experiment indoors, so that the main parameters of a test object can be strictly controlled without being influenced by the external environment; the main factors can be highlighted, the secondary factors can be ignored, the factor change and the repeated test are convenient, and the verification or the check of a new theory is facilitated; the obtained experimental data is real and reliable, the simulation condition is flexible and variable, and manpower and material resources can be fully saved.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A similar model test bench of underground engineering disturbance is characterized by comprising a model box, wherein the model box comprises an inner frame, a middle frame and an outer frame, the inner frame is sleeved in the middle frame, and the middle frame is sleeved in the outer frame;
the top in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of hydraulic loading devices, the bottom in the inner frame is provided with a plurality of horizontal first linear slide rails, the tops of the first linear slide rails are connected with a first slide block in a sliding manner, the top of the first slide block is provided with a sample box, a protection spring is fixedly arranged between the first slide block and the sample box, and a buffer protection layer is also arranged between the bottom in the inner frame and the sample box; the side part and the bottom of the sample box are both provided with wave absorbing layers;
the inner side part of the middle frame is provided with a plurality of second linear sliding rails in the vertical direction, the outer side part of the inner frame is provided with a second sliding block which is connected with the second linear sliding rails in a sliding manner, the inner bottom part of the middle frame is provided with a first actuator and a plurality of supporting springs, and the tops of the first actuator and the supporting springs are connected with the outer bottom part of the inner frame;
the top sets up a plurality of levels to third linear slide rail in the outer frame, and well frame outside top sets up third slider and third linear slide rail sliding connection, and the bottom sets up a plurality of levels to fourth linear slide rail in the outer frame, and well frame outside bottom sets up fourth slider and fourth linear slide rail sliding connection, outer frame inside portion sets up the second actuator, and the second actuator is connected with well frame outside lateral part.
2. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the longitudinal sections of the inner frame, the middle frame and the outer frame are in a shape of Chinese character 'hui'.
3. The underground works disturbance similar model test bed of claim 1, wherein the inner frame is an integral frame surrounded by inner frame top beams, inner frame bottom beams and inner frame upright columns.
4. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample box is filled with a model material, a tunnel/tunnel model sample is embedded in the model material, the top of the sample box is open, the front plate of the sample box is an organic glass plate, and the left side plate of the sample box is detachably arranged; and reinforcing angle steel is arranged at the inner side part of the inner frame.
5. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed as claimed in claim 4, wherein a soil pressure cell is embedded in the model material, the model sample is provided with a strain gauge, the strain gauge and the soil pressure cell are both connected with a strain acquisition instrument, and the strain acquisition instrument is connected with a test bed controller.
6. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed according to claim 4, wherein vibration pickups are arranged at the bottom and the side of the sample box, and are connected with the strain acquisition instrument.
7. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first actuator is disposed at the center of the bottom of the middle frame, and the plurality of supporting springs are disposed at two sides of the first actuator.
8. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed as defined in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic loading device and the second actuator are both provided with load distribution structures, the loading end of the hydraulic loading device is further provided with a loading plate, and both ends of the loading plate are fixedly connected with the load distribution structures.
9. The underground engineering disturbance similar model test bed according to claim 1, wherein the first linear slide rail, the second linear slide rail, the third linear slide rail and the fourth linear slide rail are all provided with detachable fixing bolts to fix the positions of the corresponding slide blocks.
10. A method of testing a disturbance similar model test bed for underground works according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
manufacturing a tunnel/tunnel model sample, wherein a supporting structure is arranged on the outer side of the model sample, a strain gauge is arranged on the outer side of the supporting structure, the model sample is placed in a sample box, a model material is filled in the sample box, a soil pressure box is embedded in a preset position of the model material, the strain gauge and the soil pressure box are both connected with a strain acquisition instrument, and a test box is placed in an inner frame;
loading the model material by a hydraulic loading device, stopping loading after the self-weight stress value of the model material is reached, and maintaining the state for a set time;
applying advanced supporting pressure to the model material through a hydraulic loading device, and carrying out mining disturbance simulation loading on the model material by a first actuator and/or a second actuator;
and (3) loading the excavation disturbance simulation to a preset value, presetting disturbance frequency and amplitude, maintaining the state for setting time, starting unloading, storing test data after the unloading is finished, and finishing the test.
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