CN110632240B - Identification kit and identification method for traditional Chinese medicine ground beetles - Google Patents
Identification kit and identification method for traditional Chinese medicine ground beetles Download PDFInfo
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- CN110632240B CN110632240B CN201911086218.2A CN201911086218A CN110632240B CN 110632240 B CN110632240 B CN 110632240B CN 201911086218 A CN201911086218 A CN 201911086218A CN 110632240 B CN110632240 B CN 110632240B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an identification kit and an identification method for traditional Chinese medicine ground beetles based on the principle of identifying traditional Chinese medicine ground beetles by thin-layer chromatography, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine identification. Compared with the prior art, the identification kit and the method thereof do not need additional drying or heating and other equipment assistance, the whole identification process can be operated under indoor conventional conditions through the detection reagent strip, in addition, the design of the sample application groove is compared with the traditional thin-layer chromatography process for capillary artificial sample application, the measurement is more accurate, the experience requirement on operators is lower, and the obtained thin-layer chromatography spots are clear and regular.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine material identification, in particular to an identification kit and an identification method for a traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle.
Background
The Chinese medicinal Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga is female dry body of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga (Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker) or Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga (Polyphaga planchyi Bolivar) belonging to family Cyperaceae, and the insect lives in the ground, so it is named as Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga or Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga. The Chinese medicinal Eupolyphaga comprises Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga or winged Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, which is flat, oval, narrow in front end, wide in back end, purple brown in back, glossy, without wings, developed in front and back plate, covering head, 9 joints of abdomen and back plate, arranged in covering tile shape, red brown on abdomen, small in head, 1 pair of filiform tentacles, and usually falling off, 3 pairs of feet on chest, fine hair and thorns, transverse link on abdomen, crisp, fragile, fishy smell, and slightly salty taste. The back of the winged euonymus is dark brown, and light yellow-brown plaques and black dots are usually formed on the edge of the winged euonymus. The powder of the Chinese medicinal ground beetle is grayish brown, fragments on the body wall are dark brown or yellow, irregular textures are arranged on the surface, short and thick or slender setae are grown on the surface, and a circular hair pit with the diameter of 5-32 mu m after the setae fall off is often seen; the setae are brown yellow or yellow, the tips of the setae are sharp or blunt, the setae are 12-270 mu m long, the diameters of the setae are 10-32 mu m, the setae have vertical and straight textures, the striated muscle fibers are colorless or light yellow, the setae are broken frequently, the setae have fine striations, the setae are straight or microwave-shaped, and the bright bands are wider than the dark bands.
The Chinese medicinal material Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga mainly comprises protein, volatile oil, fatty acid, amino acids, sterol and various microelements. In addition, the medicine contains various fatty aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde, dichlorobenzene, dimethyl disulfide and other components which are not common in traditional Chinese medicines. The caught ground beetle can be used as a medicine after being killed by boiling water, dried in the sun or dried, has higher medicinal value, can break blood stasis and reunite bones, and is a commonly used medicine for treating fracture of bones and muscles, amenorrhea due to blood stasis and abdominal mass.
At present, the identification method of the traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle mainly comprises morphological identification and physicochemical identification, the morphological identification is visual, but the error is large, and accurate judgment can be made only by depending on identification personnel with rich experience. The physicochemical identification method mainly comprises liquid chromatography or thin-layer chromatography, and achieves the identification purpose by identifying the characteristic components therein, for example, the method for identifying the Chinese medicinal material of the ground beetle by the thin-layer chromatography disclosed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition comprises the following steps: taking Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga powder, adding methanol, ultrasonic treating, evaporating filtrate to dryness, dissolving residue with methanol to obtain sample, taking Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga control medicinal material, preparing control medicinal material solution by the same method, performing thin layer chromatography test, dropping the two solutions on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, developing with toluene-dichloromethane-acetone (5: 5: 0.5) developer, taking out, air drying, and inspecting under ultraviolet lamp (365 nm). In the chromatogram of the test solution, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference solution; spraying vanillin-sulfuric acid solution, and heating at 105 deg.C until the spots are clear and have the same color. Although the physical and chemical identification method is more accurate than morphological identification, the operation is more complex, more instruments and equipment are required, and the identification time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an identification kit for Chinese medicinal ground beetles and an identification method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of low accuracy, complex operation, high instrument dependence and the like of the conventional identification method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an identification kit for Chinese medicinal ground beetles, which comprises a sample solvent, a reference solution, a developing agent, a color developing agent and a detection reagent strip, wherein the detection reagent strip sequentially comprises an upper support plate, a silica gel layer, a middle support plate, a water absorbing layer and a lower support plate from top to bottom, the upper support plate is sequentially provided with a developing agent groove, a sample application groove and an observation window along the long axis direction, the developing agent groove is communicated with one end of the silica gel layer, the sample application groove is 4-6mm away from the developing agent groove, the bottom of the sample application groove is provided with a sample application needle communicated with the silica gel layer, the observation window is used for observing the chromatographic condition of a sample, and the observation window is provided with a transparent diaphragm for isolating the silica gel layer from air; the middle carrier plate is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes communicated with the silica gel layer and the water absorbing layer, the middle carrier plate is provided with a drawing diaphragm, the drawing diaphragm covers the water permeable holes of the middle carrier plate and is used for preventing the water absorbing layer from absorbing water of the silica gel layer, and the drawing diaphragm comprises a drawing section extending out of the middle carrier plate so as to be convenient to draw out the drawing diaphragm and open a water absorbing channel of the water absorbing layer; the water absorption layer is filled with calcium oxide and used for absorbing water of the silica gel layer and releasing heat.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, the upper, middle and lower carrier plates are glass plates or PVC plates.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, the silica gel layer is made of silica gel G.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the sample application grooves are provided with a plurality of sample application grooves, wherein the sample application grooves comprise at least 1 standard sample application groove and at least 1 sample application groove, the pore volumes of the sample application needles in the sample application grooves are equal, and preferably, the pore volume of the sample application needle in each sample application groove is 0.5-5 mu l.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, one end of the silica gel layer in the observation window, which is far away from the developing agent groove, is provided with a termination line, and anhydrous copper sulfate is coated in the termination line.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the sample solvent is a methanol solution with the volume ratio of 50%.
As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, the preparation method of the reference solution comprises: taking a plurality of standard products, adding a sample solvent to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.5mg of the standard products per 1ml of the sample solvent, wherein the standard products comprise arginine, glycine, valine and phenylalanine standard products.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the developing agent is a mixture of 5 volume percent: 5: 0.5 toluene-dichloromethane-acetone solution or 3 volume percent: 1: 1, and the color developing agent is vanillin sulfuric acid test solution or ninhydrin solution.
The invention also provides an identification method of the traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparation of a test solution: adding 25ml of sample solvent into 1g of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga powder to be detected, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, evaporating filtrate, and dissolving residue with 5ml of sample solvent to obtain sample solution;
step S2, spotting: adding a sample solution into a sample application groove of the sample, adding a reference solution into a sample application groove of a standard sample, keeping each solution in the sample application groove for 3-6 seconds, and discarding the residual solution in the sample application groove;
step S3, thin layer expansion: adding the developing agent into a developing agent groove, standing and developing, and discarding the residual developing agent in the developing agent groove when the termination line turns blue;
step S4, dry color development: tearing a transparent diaphragm of the observation window, spraying a color developing agent on the surface of the silica gel layer, and simultaneously drawing out the drawn diaphragm, wherein at the moment, calcium oxide in the water absorption layer can absorb water in the silica gel layer and release heat, and the silica gel layer can rapidly develop color while drying the silica gel layer, so that chromatograms of a test solution and a reference solution are obtained;
step S5, result determination: if the test solution has spots with the same color at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference solution, the test solution is qualified Chinese medicinal Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, otherwise, the test solution is unqualified.
The invention provides an identification kit of Chinese medicinal ground beetles and an identification method thereof based on the thin-layer chromatography identification principle disclosed by Chinese pharmacopoeia. In addition, the design of point sample groove compares traditional thin layer chromatography in-process with the artifical point sample of capillary, and the measurement is held more accurately, and is lower to operator's experience requirement, and the thin layer chromatography spot that obtains is clear regular.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a test strip;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a test strip in a long axis direction;
in the figure: 1-upper carrier plate, 2-silica gel layer, 3-middle carrier plate, 4-water absorbing layer, 5-lower carrier plate, 11-developing agent groove, 12-sample application groove, 13-sample application needle, 14-observation window, 15, transparent diaphragm, 21-stop line, 31-water permeable hole and 32-drawing diaphragm.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an identification kit for traditional Chinese medicine ground beetles, which comprises a sample solvent, a reference substance solution, a developing agent, a color developing agent and a detection test strip, wherein: the sample solvent is a methanol solution with the volume ratio of 50 percent; the reference solution is a pre-prepared processed ground beetle medicinal material or a mixed solution of representative amino acids of the ground beetle medicinal material, and the developing solvent is a mixture of 5 volume percent: 5: 0.5 of toluene-dichloromethane-acetone solution, wherein a vanillin sulfuric acid test solution is used as a color developing agent in a matching way, and the developing agent can also be selected from a solvent of which the volume percentage is 3: 1: 1, and the ninhydrin solution is used as a color developing agent in combination with the n-butyl alcohol-glacial acetic acid-water solution.
The structure of the detection test strip is shown in fig. 1-2, the detection test strip is a strip shape as a whole and comprises five layers from top to bottom, the five layers are an upper loading plate 1, a silica gel layer 2, a middle carrier plate 3, a water absorption layer 4 and a lower carrier plate 5 from top to bottom, the upper, middle and lower carrier plates 1, 3 and 5 can be made of glass plates or inert material plates such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the silica gel layer 2 is made of silica gel G materials for conventional thin-layer chromatography, and the detection test strip is explained in detail below by combining with the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the upper carrier plate 1 is sequentially provided with a developing agent groove 11, a spotting groove 12 and an observation window 14 along the long axis direction, wherein:
the bottom end of the developing agent groove 11 is connected with the short edge at one end of the silica gel layer 2, the groove length of the developing agent groove 11 is not smaller than the short edge length of the silica gel layer 2, and it is guaranteed that the developing agent in the developing agent groove 11 can submerge the short edge of the silica gel layer 2.
The sample application groove 12 is arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the long axis of the test strip and is 4-6mm away from the developing agent groove 11 so as to ensure that the distance between the sample application position and the developing agent is proper and meet the requirement of thin-layer chromatography; the sample application grooves 12 are provided with a plurality of sample application grooves, and comprise at least 1 standard sample application groove 12 and at least 1 sample application groove 12, sample application needles 13 are arranged in the sample application grooves 12, and the sample application needles 13 are communicated with the silica gel layer 2; the pore volume of each spotting needle 13 is equal, preferably 0.5-5 μ l, to ensure optimal spotting; the sample application needles 13 are positioned on the same straight line, so that the sample solutions or the reference solution are positioned at the same sample application starting point, and the spots of the chromatographic result are uniform.
The observation window 14 is communicated with the silica gel layer 2 and is used for observing the chromatographic condition of the sample and is a display area of chromatographic results. The observation window 14 is provided with a transparent diaphragm 15 for isolating the silica gel layer 2 from air. On the silica gel layer 2 in the observation window 14 area, one end of the silica gel layer far away from the spreading agent groove 11 is provided with a termination line 21, anhydrous copper sulfate is coated in the termination line 21, the anhydrous copper sulfate is coated on the termination line 21 according to the characteristic that the anhydrous copper sulfate is white conventionally and turns blue when meeting water, when the spreading agent extends to the termination line 21 along one end of the silica gel layer 2, the termination line 21 turns blue, so that the extension midpoint of the spreading agent is judged, and the chromatographic result is ensured to be displayed only in the observation window 14 area without crossing the line.
The embodiment also provides an identification method by using the traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle identification kit, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparation of test solution and reference solution:
adding 25ml of sample solvent into 1g of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga powder to be detected, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, evaporating filtrate, and dissolving residue with 5ml of sample solvent to obtain sample solution;
the reference solution in the kit is prepared in advance, for example, if the standard ground beetle medicinal material is used as the reference, the reference solution is prepared by using the standard ground beetle medicinal material as the processing object according to the preparation method of the test solution; if the representative amino acid of the ground beetle medicinal material is used as a reference substance, the standard substance of the representative amino acid is dissolved by using a sample solvent in the kit to prepare the standard substance containing 0.5mg of the representative amino acid in every 1ml of the sample solvent. According to the literature records (watercolor red, canadian, improvement of the quality standard of the ground beeltle medicinal material, Chinese medical guideline, vol. 4/12), the representative amino acids of the ground beeltle medicinal material can be selected from arginine, glycine, valine and phenylalanine, and the sample solution in the embodiment is a mixed solution of arginine, glycine, valine and phenylalanine standard products.
Step S2, spotting
The sample solution is added into the sample application groove 12, the reference solution is added into the standard sample application groove 12, the adding amount of each groove can be different when the solution is added, but the retention time needs to be kept as consistent as possible so as to ensure that the sample application amount is equivalent, and the chromatogram of the sample solution and the chromatogram of the standard solution are more regular. When the sample solution/standard solution is added into the sample application tank 12, the solution in the sample application tank 12 will permeate into the silica gel layer 2 through the sample application needle 13 and be absorbed by the silica gel layer 2. When the solution in the sample application groove 12 stays for 3-6 seconds, the solution in the sample application groove 12 is quickly sucked dry by absorbent paper, so that the excessive sample application can be prevented. Regarding the residence time of the solution in the spotting bath 12, the larger the pore volume is, the shorter the residence time of the solution in the spotting bath 12 should be controlled, and conversely, the longer the residence time is, depending on the pore volume of the spotting needle 13.
Step S3, thin layer expansion
Adding the spreading agent into the spreading groove, standing and spreading, observing through the observation window 14, and when the calcium oxide and the water in the termination line 21 are in contact with thixotropic blue, indicating that the spreading agent has spread to the position of the termination line 21, pouring the redundant spreading agent, wiping the spreading agent groove 11 with absorbent paper, and terminating the spreading.
Step S4, drying and developing color
The transparent diaphragm 15 of the observation window 14 is torn open, the color developing agent is sprayed on the surface of the silica gel layer 2, and the drawing diaphragm 32 is simultaneously pulled out, at the moment, the calcium oxide in the water absorbing layer 4 can absorb the water in the silica gel layer 2, meanwhile, the calcium oxide absorbs water and releases heat, the silica gel layer 2 is heated to promote drying, the color developing agent generates color reaction under the heating condition, and spots begin to appear in the observation window 14.
Step S5, determination of result
And observing the spot appearance condition through the observation window 14, if the test solution has spots with the same color at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference solution, the test solution is the Chinese medicinal ground beetle with qualified quality, otherwise, the test solution is unqualified.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle identification kit and an identification method developed based on the principle of identifying traditional Chinese medicine ground beetles by thin-layer chromatography.
The above is a detailed embodiment and a specific operation process of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples.
Claims (9)
1. The identification kit for the traditional Chinese medicine ground beeltle is characterized by comprising a sample solvent, a reference solution, a developing agent, a color developing agent and a detection reagent strip, wherein the detection reagent strip sequentially comprises an upper support plate, a silica gel layer, a middle support plate, a water absorbing layer and a lower support plate from top to bottom, the upper support plate is sequentially provided with a developing agent groove, a sample application groove and an observation window along the long axis direction, the developing agent groove is communicated with one end of the silica gel layer, the sample application groove is 4-6mm away from the developing agent groove, the bottom of the sample application groove is provided with a sample application needle communicated with the silica gel layer, the observation window is used for observing the chromatographic condition of a sample, and the observation window is provided with a transparent diaphragm; the middle carrier plate is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes communicated with the silica gel layer and the water absorbing layer, the middle carrier plate is provided with a drawing diaphragm, the drawing diaphragm covers the water permeable holes of the middle carrier plate, and the drawing diaphragm comprises a drawing section extending out of the middle carrier plate; and calcium oxide is filled in the water absorption layer.
2. The kit for identifying the Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper, middle and lower carrier plates are glass plates or PVC plates.
3. The kit for identifying the traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle according to claim 1, wherein the silica gel layer is made of silica gel G.
4. The kit for identifying Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample application grooves comprise at least 1 standard sample application groove and at least 1 sample application groove, and the sample application needles in the sample application grooves have equal pore volume.
5. The kit for identifying Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga as claimed in claim 1, wherein a stop line is disposed at an end of the silica gel layer in the observation window away from the developer tank, and anhydrous cupric sulfate is coated in the stop line.
6. The kit for identifying a Chinese herbal medicine ground beetle according to claim 1, wherein the sample solvent is a 50% methanol solution by volume.
7. The kit for identifying the traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the reference solution comprises the following steps: taking a plurality of standard products, adding a sample solvent to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.5mg of the standard products per 1ml of the sample solvent, wherein the standard products comprise arginine, glycine, valine and phenylalanine standard products.
8. The traditional Chinese medicine ground beetle identification kit according to claim 1, wherein the developing solvent is a mixture of 5 volume percent: 5: 0.5 toluene-dichloromethane-acetone solution or 3 volume percent: 1: 1, and the color developing agent is vanillin sulfuric acid test solution or ninhydrin solution.
9. A method for identifying a Chinese medicinal ground beetle using a kit as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step S1, preparation of a test solution: adding 25ml of sample solvent into 1g of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga powder to be detected, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, evaporating filtrate, and dissolving residue with 5ml of sample solvent to obtain sample solution;
step S2, spotting: adding a sample solution into a sample application groove of the sample, adding a reference solution into a sample application groove of a standard sample, keeping each solution in the sample application groove for 3-6 seconds, and discarding the residual solution in the sample application groove;
step S3, thin layer expansion: adding the developing agent into a developing agent groove, standing and developing, and discarding the residual developing agent in the developing agent groove when the termination line turns blue;
step S4, dry color development: tearing a transparent diaphragm of the observation window, spraying a color developing agent on the surface of the silica gel layer, simultaneously drawing out the drawing diaphragm, and obtaining chromatograms of a test solution and a reference solution when the silica gel layer develops color;
step S5, result determination: if the test solution has spots with the same color at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference solution, the test solution is qualified Chinese medicinal Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, otherwise, the test solution is unqualified.
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