CN110631747B - High-precision hydropower plant generator efficiency actual measurement device and use method thereof - Google Patents
High-precision hydropower plant generator efficiency actual measurement device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device and a use method thereof, wherein the high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device comprises an upper laser transmitter, a lower laser transmitter, an upper laser sensor, a lower laser sensor, a tripod, a time digital converter, a computer, an upper vibration device and a lower vibration device; the invention can conveniently carry out actual measurement on site, has simple structure, easy operation and high measurement precision, and is easy to popularize and use in large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-precision hydropower plant generator efficiency actual measurement device and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of testing of hydropower plant equipment.
Background
An important parameter in the process of energy conversion of the generator, namely the efficiency of the generator, is used for expressing the energy conversion level of the generator. The efficiency of the generator reflects the working state of the generator and is used for evaluating the efficiency performance of the generator device and is also a necessary parameter for calculating the efficiency of the water turbine, but the field measurement of the efficiency of the generator is still a difficult problem up to now.
The measurement difficulty of the efficiency of the generator mainly lies in that the input power of the generator is difficult to measure, and the efficiency of the existing generator basically adopts an indirect method for measuring loss, such as: the opposite drawing method and the calorimetric method. The split-type dragging method has strict requirements on the environment, the measurement is inaccurate due to slight deviation of the environment temperature, and the split-type dragging method is difficult to completely meet the actual condition on the assumption that the two motors share the energy loss averagely. Calorimetry is a method of directly measuring heat loss. The calorimetric method needs a cooler for measuring heat, the cooler is high in cost and extremely strict in sealing requirement; the requirement of relative error in the measuring process is less than or equal to 1 percent, which provides very high requirements for flowmeters, thermometers, hydrometers, weighing instruments and the like, is not easy to meet, and simultaneously, the uncertainty in the whole testing process is relatively large.
The vibration of the unit is the largest source of error in making the generator efficiency measurements. The vibration of the unit can cause the main shaft to generate local instability, and even can cause the torsional displacement offset of the main shaft to be completely submerged in the vibration error.
The efficiency data of the domestic generator is generally given by each manufacturer, the efficiency of the generator does not completely accord with the actual condition of unit operation, and the field actual measurement is not realized yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device, which comprises an upper laser transmitter 4, a lower laser transmitter 5, an upper laser sensor 6, a lower laser sensor 7, a tripod 8, a time digital converter 12, a computer 13, an upper vibration device 14 and a lower vibration device 15, wherein the upper laser transmitter 4 and the lower laser transmitter 5 are respectively arranged on a main shaft 2 connected with a water turbine and a generator, a straight line formed by connecting the upper laser transmitter 4 and the lower laser transmitter 5 is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft 2 when the device is static, the upper laser sensor 6 and the upper laser transmitter 4 are equal in height and are arranged on the tripod 8, the lower laser sensor 7 and the lower laser transmitter 5 are equal in height and are arranged on the tripod 8, the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 are both connected with the time digital converter 12, the time digital converter 12 is connected with a data storage and data processing 13, the upper vibration device 14 and the lower vibration device 15 are respectively arranged on a main shaft 2 of the water turbine connected with the generator, the upper vibration device 14 is positioned below the upper laser emitter 4 and close to each other, and the lower vibration device 15 is positioned above the lower laser emitter 5 and close to each other.
The straight line formed by connecting the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft 2 and is also parallel to the straight line formed by connecting the laser emitter 4 and the lower laser emitter 5 when the main shaft is static.
The upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 are used for receiving the laser beams emitted by the laser emitters 4 and the lower laser emitters 5 and transmitting electric signals to the time-to-digital converter 12.
The upper laser emitter 4, the lower laser emitter 5, the upper oscillating device 14 and the lower oscillating device 15 are fixedly arranged on the main shaft 2 by adopting modes of pasting, welding and the like.
The time-to-digital converter 12 is model TDC-GP 22.
The computer 13 is internally provided with a data storage and data processing module, the data storage module is used for storing the signals output by the time converter 12, and the data processing module is used for processing the data stored by the data storage module and calculating the efficiency of the generator and displaying the efficiency calculation result on a screen.
The invention also provides a use method of the high-precision hydropower plant generator efficiency actual measurement device, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the main shaft 2 idles, the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 respectively transmit time data of received laser to the time-to-digital converter 12, the time-to-digital converter 12 transmits the data to the computer 13 to obtain an idling state time difference delta t ', and an idling torsional displacement offset 11 delta x' of the generator 1 is calculated to be delta t 'x v, wherein v is a linear speed of surface rotation of the main shaft 2 and is read by a hydraulic power plant monitoring system, so that the idling torsional displacement offset 11 delta x' can be obtained through calculation;
(2) when the generator runs at the rated load, the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 respectively transmit the time data of the received laser to the time-to-digital converter 12, the time-to-digital converter 12 transmits the data to the computer 13 to obtain a time difference, and the method is the same as that in the step (1) to obtain the torsion displacement offset 16 delta x' with the rated load;
(3) calculating a torsional displacement offset difference delta x-delta x' with vibration errors; respectively adopting wavelet approximate analysis and data fitting methods to obtain vibration fitting values of data measured by the upper runout device 14 and the lower runout device 15, averaging the fitting values of the upper runout and the lower runout to obtain a vibration error serving as a torsional displacement offset, and subtracting the vibration error from a torsional displacement offset difference delta x to obtain a torsional displacement offset delta x without the vibration error;
(4) from the relationship of the torsional displacement offset Δ x to the torque M:
calculating a torque value, wherein D is the outer diameter of the main shaft 2, D is the inner diameter of the main shaft 2, G is the shearing modulus of the main shaft 2, L is the linear distance between the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 when the main shaft 2 is static, and then according to the powerRelationship with torque: the power W corresponding to the torque, where ω is the angular velocity of the main shaft 2, M is the torque, and the power W is the power input from the hydraulic turbine 3 to the generator 1 through the main shaft 2, that is, the input power W of the generator 1, can be obtained as the power W × ωiOutput power W of the generator 10Can be read by a measuring device at its output port, so that the efficiency of the generator 1 is obtained
The invention has the following effects:
the invention adopts laser as a transmitting signal, belongs to non-contact measurement, can be installed under the condition of not changing the hydraulic generator, has small measurement error, reduces the error by adopting a data processing mode to carry out error analysis and vibration noise elimination, and has higher precision.
The invention has simple structure, easy measurement method, easy operation, high measurement precision and easy large-scale popularization and use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an actual measurement device for the efficiency of a generator of a hydraulic power plant according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a main shaft of the water turbine of embodiment 1 at idle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing torsional deformation of the main shaft in operation of the hydraulic generator according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of vibration waveforms stored for a single runout of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a wavelet one-layer approximation waveform obtained by processing data measured by a runout apparatus by a computer in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a three-level approximate oscillogram of wavelet analysis and vibration fitting values of a unit obtained by computer processing in example 1; in the figure, 1-generator; 2-a main shaft; 3-a water turbine; 4-upper laser transmitter; 5-lower laser transmitter; 6-upper laser sensor; 7-lower laser sensor; 8-a tripod; 9-upper laser beam; 10-lower laser beam; 11-idle torsional displacement offset; 12-a time-to-digital converter; 13-a computer; 14-upper oscillating means; 15-lower oscillating device; 16-torsional displacement offset with rated load.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device comprises an upper laser transmitter 4, a lower laser transmitter 5, an upper laser sensor 6, a lower laser sensor 7, a tripod 8, a time-to-digital converter 12, a computer 13, an upper vibration device 14 and a lower vibration device 15, wherein the upper laser transmitter 4 and the lower laser transmitter 5 are fixedly arranged on a main shaft 2 connected with a water turbine 3 and a generator 1 by adopting adhesives respectively, a straight line formed by connecting the upper laser transmitter 4 and the lower laser transmitter 5 is parallel to a central axis of the main shaft 2 when the main shaft 2 is static, the upper laser sensor 6 and the upper laser transmitter 4 are equal in height and are arranged on the tripod 8, the lower laser sensor 7 and the lower laser transmitter 5 are equal in height and are arranged on the tripod 8, a straight line formed by connecting the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft 2, the laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 are connected with a time-to-digital converter 12, and the time-to-digital converter 12 is connected with a computer 13; the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 are used for receiving laser beams and transmitting electrical signals to the time-to-digital converter; the model of the time-to-digital converter 12 is TDC-GP22, the upper oscillating device 14 and the lower oscillating device 15 are respectively fixedly arranged on the main shaft 2 connected with the water turbine 3 and the generator 1 by adopting an adhesive in a sticking way, the upper oscillating device 14 is arranged below the upper laser emitter 4 and is close to each other, the lower oscillating device 15 is arranged above the lower laser emitter 5 and is close to each other, the upper oscillating device 14 and the lower oscillating device 15 are conventional oscillating devices, the model is JSX, the upper oscillating device 14 and the lower oscillating device 15 respectively measure the vibration signals near the upper laser emitter 4 and the lower laser emitter 5, the computer 13 is internally provided with a data storage and data processing module, the data storage module is used for storing the signals output by the time converter 12, and the data processing module is internally provided with a time signal in the data storage module and a waveform signal for leading the two oscillating devices into the computer, the vibration influence is weakened, approximately accurate torsional displacement offset delta x is obtained, and therefore the efficiency of the generator is calculated.
Before the actual measurement device for the efficiency of the generator of the hydraulic power plant is used, an upper laser transmitter 4, a lower laser transmitter 5, an upper oscillating device 14 and a lower oscillating device 15 are respectively fixedly adhered to a main shaft 2 connected with a hydraulic turbine 3 and a generator 1 by adhesives, when the main shaft 2 is static, a straight line formed by connecting the upper laser transmitter 4 and the lower laser transmitter 5 is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft 2, the upper oscillating device 14 is positioned below the upper laser transmitter 4 and is close to the upper laser transmitter 4, the lower oscillating device 15 is positioned above the lower laser transmitter 5 and is close to the laser transmitter 5, after a tripod 8 is placed, the heights of the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 are adjusted, so that the upper laser sensor 6 is as high as the upper laser transmitter 4, the lower laser sensor 7 is as high as the lower laser transmitter 5, the hydraulic turbine 3 drives the main shaft 2 to rotate, the main shaft 2 drives a rotor of the generator, in the rotation process of the main shaft 2, the stress deformation can be regarded as the stress deformation characteristic of a cylinder, the torsional displacement offset of the same cylinder is related to the magnitude of the received torque, and in the operation process of the generator 1, the power moment provided by the water turbine 3 for the main shaft 2 and the resistance moment generated by the generator 1 to the main shaft 2 are a pair of reaction moments, so that the main shaft 2 can generate a certain torsional displacement offset delta x, and the laser emitted by the upper laser emitter 4 and the laser emitted by the lower laser emitter 5 and received by the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 have time difference.
The using method of the device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, measuring and calculating an initial displacement offset, idling a spindle 2, respectively transmitting time data of received laser to a time-to-digital converter 12 by an upper laser sensor 6 and a lower laser sensor 7, transmitting the data to a computer 13 by the time-to-digital converter 12 to obtain an idling state time difference delta t ', and calculating an idling torsional displacement offset 11 delta x' of a generator 1 to be delta t 'x v, wherein v is a linear speed of surface rotation of the spindle 2 and is read by a hydraulic power plant monitoring system, so that the idling torsional displacement offset 11 delta x' can be calculated, and is very small as shown in fig. 2;
(2) when the generator runs at a rated load, the main shaft 2 is subjected to a pair of opposite torque effects and the same processing process as that of an idling state, the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 respectively transmit time data of received laser to the time-to-digital converter 12, the time-to-digital converter 12 transmits the data to the computer 13 to obtain a time difference, and the same method as the step (1) is used for obtaining a torsional displacement offset 16 delta x' with the rated load, as shown in fig. 3;
(3) calculating a torsional displacement offset difference delta x-delta x' with vibration errors; the vibration waveform diagram stored by a single pendulum is shown in fig. 4, matlab software in the computer 13 processes the data in fig. 4 to obtain a wavelet one-layer approximate waveform diagram, and further processes the obtained wavelet three-layer approximation and data fitting processing on the approximated data to obtain a wavelet analysis three-layer approximate waveform diagram and a vibration fitting value of the unit, as shown in fig. 6, the fitting values of the upper pendulum device 14 and the lower pendulum device 15 are averaged to be used as a vibration error of a torsional displacement offset, and the torsional displacement offset difference Δ Δ Δ Δ x without the vibration error is obtained by subtracting the vibration error from the torsional displacement offset difference Δ Δ Δ Δ x;
(4) the hydraulic generator main shaft 2 is a hollow cylinder, and the relation between the torsional displacement offset delta x and the torque M is as follows:
calculating a torque value, wherein D is the outer diameter of the main shaft 2, D is the inner diameter of the main shaft 2, G is the shearing modulus of the main shaft 2, and L is the linear distance between the upper laser sensor 6 and the lower laser sensor 7 when the main shaft is static; and then according to the relation between the power and the torque: the power W corresponding to the torque, where ω is the angular velocity of the main shaft 2, M is the torque, and the power W is the power input from the hydraulic turbine 3 to the generator 1 through the main shaft 2, that is, the input power W of the generator 1, can be obtained as the power W × ωiOutput power W of the generator 10Can be read by a measuring device at its output port, so that the efficiency of the generator 1 is obtained
Claims (3)
1. A high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device is characterized by comprising an upper laser transmitter (4), a lower laser transmitter (5), an upper laser sensor (6), a lower laser sensor (7), a tripod (8), a time-to-digital converter (12), a computer (13), an upper vibration device (14) and a lower vibration device (15), wherein the upper laser transmitter (4) and the lower laser transmitter (5) are respectively arranged on a main shaft (2) connected with a water turbine and a generator, a straight line formed by connecting the upper laser transmitter (4) and the lower laser transmitter (5) is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft (2) when the device is static, the upper laser sensor (6) and the upper laser transmitter (4) have the same height and are arranged on the tripod (8), the lower laser sensor (7) and the lower laser transmitter (5) have the same height and are arranged on the tripod (8), go up laser sensor (6), laser sensor (7) down all are connected with time digital converter (12), time digital converter (12) are connected with computer (13), go up pendulum device (14) and pendulum device (15) that shakes down set up respectively on main shaft (2) that the hydraulic turbine is connected with the generator, and go up pendulum device (14) that shakes and be located laser emitter (4) below and be close to each other, pendulum device (15) that shakes down is located laser emitter (5) top and is close to each other down.
2. The high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device according to claim 1, wherein a straight line formed by connecting the upper laser sensor (6) and the lower laser sensor (7) is parallel to a central axis of the main shaft (2).
3. The use method of the high-precision hydroelectric power plant generator efficiency actual measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) the main shaft (2) idles, the upper laser sensor (6) and the lower laser sensor (7) respectively transmit time data of received laser to a time digital converter (12), the time digital converter (12) transmits the data to a computer (13) to obtain an idling state time difference delta t ', and an idling torsional displacement offset (11) delta x ' of the generator (1) is calculated to be delta t ' x v, wherein v is the linear speed of the surface rotation of the main shaft (2) and is read by a hydraulic power plant monitoring system;
(2) the generator runs under a rated load, the upper laser sensor (6) and the lower laser sensor (7) respectively transmit time data of received laser to the time-to-digital converter (12), the time-to-digital converter (12) transmits the data to the computer (13) to obtain a time difference, and a torsion displacement offset (16) delta x' with the rated load is obtained by the same method as the step (1);
(3) calculating a torsional displacement offset difference delta x with a vibration error to be delta x '-delta x', obtaining a vibration fitting value by respectively adopting wavelet approximate analysis and data fitting methods for data measured by an upper vibration pendulum device (14) and a lower vibration pendulum device (15), averaging the fitting values of the upper vibration pendulum device (14) and the lower vibration pendulum device (15) to be used as the vibration error of the torsional displacement offset, and subtracting the vibration error from the torsional displacement offset difference delta x to obtain the torsional displacement offset delta x without the vibration error;
(4) from the relationship of the torsional displacement offset Δ x to the torque M:
calculating a torque value, wherein D is the outer diameter of the main shaft (2), D is the inner diameter of the main shaft (2), G is the shear modulus of the main shaft (2), and L is the linear distance between the upper laser sensor (6) and the lower laser sensor (7) when the main shaft (2) is static; and then according to the relation between the power and the torque: obtaining power W corresponding to torque, wherein omega is the rotation angular velocity of the main shaft (2), M is torque, the power W is the power input to the generator (1) by the water turbine (3) through the main shaft (2), namely the input power W of the generator (1)iThe output power W of the generator (1)0Reading by a measuring device of the output port to obtain the efficiency of the generator (1)
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| CN112815850B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-04-22 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Cylinder pose measuring method and device |
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| KR100315981B1 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-12-12 | 김형국 | Test device for Generator automatic synchronizer |
| CN102663241A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-09-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Analog calculation method for transient power of water turbine under elastic water attack |
| CN103245283A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-08-14 | 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 | Method for accurately and continuously measuring and processing axis throw of hydraulic turbine set |
| CN103983388B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-01-06 | 苏州市计量测试研究所 | A kind of real-time online formula shaft power measurements method |
| JP2016065789A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-28 | 小林 璋好 | Efficiency measurement method of motor |
| CN207198299U (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-04-06 | 安徽德科电气科技有限公司 | A kind of electrical power generators efficiency detection device |
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