CN110631110A - Air cooling high back pressure unit utilizes low level can heat supply refrigeration combined system - Google Patents
Air cooling high back pressure unit utilizes low level can heat supply refrigeration combined system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110631110A CN110631110A CN201910926002.6A CN201910926002A CN110631110A CN 110631110 A CN110631110 A CN 110631110A CN 201910926002 A CN201910926002 A CN 201910926002A CN 110631110 A CN110631110 A CN 110631110A
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/02—Hot-water central heating systems with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/043—Operating continuously
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
A combined system for supplying heat and refrigerating by using low-level energy for an air-cooled high-back-pressure unit comprises a medium-pressure cylinder, a low-pressure cylinder, an absorption refrigerating system and a heating system, wherein the absorption refrigerating system comprises a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, the evaporator is connected with a cold user, and the heating system comprises a heater which is connected with a hot user; the low-temperature output pipe is led out from the low-pressure cylinder and is respectively connected with the heater and the generator. The invention combines heating and refrigeration, solves the problem that the waste heat of the exhaust steam of the unit is wasted in the warm-up period in summer, and can simultaneously heat and refrigerate by connecting the low-temperature heater and the low-temperature generator on the steam exhaust pipeline from the low-pressure cylinder to the air-cooled condenser, and the heat of the heating and the refrigeration is controlled by the valve, thereby realizing the independent heating or the independent refrigeration. In conclusion, the invention solves the problem of heat energy waste and has the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, in particular to a combined system for supplying heat and refrigerating by using low-level energy for an air-cooled high-back-pressure unit.
Background
The air cooling high back pressure unit can reduce heating steam extraction of the unit, increase the generating capacity of the unit, recover waste steam waste heat and increase the heat supply capacity of the unit.
In winter, the heat supply network heat exchanger is heated by utilizing the waste heat of the low-pressure cylinder and the steam extracted by the medium-pressure cylinder to provide heat energy for users, in summer, due to no need of heat supply, the low-pressure cylinder waste steam is cooled by utilizing air cooling equipment when most units run, so that the temperature of the low-pressure cylinder waste steam is reduced to about 70 ℃ (generally above 70 ℃) and then discharged, a large amount of heat energy is still contained in the low-pressure cylinder waste steam, the heat is discharged into the environment, the urban heat island effect is aggravated, and the waste of a large amount of heat energy is also caused.
On the other hand, in summer, people have a large demand for cooling capacity, and a large amount of electric energy is needed for cooling. The refrigeration equipment in the traditional sense is to finish the refrigeration effect, and the energy conversion is as follows: coal is combusted to generate heat energy, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, the electric energy is utilized at a user position and converted into mechanical energy through transmission of a power network, and finally cold energy can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, how to solve the problem of a large amount of heat energy waste when the air-cooled high back pressure unit operates in summer becomes a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an air-cooled high back pressure unit utilizes low-level energy to supply heat and refrigerate the combined system, including intermediate pressure cylinder and low-pressure cylinder connected with said intermediate pressure cylinder through the steam line, also include the absorption refrigeration system, the said absorption refrigeration system includes generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber, connect the cold user by the said evaporator; the heating system comprises a heater, and the heater is connected with a heat user; a low-temperature output pipe is led out from the low-pressure cylinder, the low-temperature output pipe is respectively connected with the heater and the generator, a refrigeration control valve is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the generator, and a heating control valve is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the heater.
In the above air-cooled high back pressure unit combined system for heating and cooling by using low level energy, preferably, the heater includes a low temperature heater and a high temperature heater, and the low temperature heater is connected in series with the high temperature heater and then connected to the hot user; the low-temperature output pipe is connected with the low-temperature heater; the generator comprises a high-temperature generator and a low-temperature generator, and the high-temperature generator and the low-temperature generator are respectively connected with the condenser; a high-temperature output pipe is led out of the intermediate pressure cylinder, the high-temperature output pipe is respectively connected with the high-temperature heater and the high-temperature generator, a first high-temperature steam output valve is arranged between the high-temperature output pipe and the high-temperature heater, and a second high-temperature steam output valve is arranged between the high-temperature output pipe and the high-temperature generator; the low-temperature output pipe is connected with the low-temperature generator.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit and the air-cooled high back pressure unit, the low temperature generator is preferably connected with the low temperature heater through a pre-heater.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit and the air-cooled high back pressure unit, the high temperature heater is preferably connected in series with the low temperature generator through a first steam pipeline.
In the above combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and refrigerating by using low-level energy, preferably, two water return branch pipes connected in parallel are led out from a heat consumer, wherein one of the water return branch pipes is provided with a first water return control valve and is connected with the low-temperature heater, and the other water return branch pipe is provided with a second water return control valve and is connected with the pre-heater.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and refrigerating by using low-level energy, preferably, a condensed water output pipe is led out from the pre-heater, and a condensed water pump is arranged on the condensed water output pipe; the low-temperature heater is connected with the condensed water output pipe.
In the above combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and cooling by using low level energy, preferably, a valve is disposed on a pipeline connected between the condensed water output pipe and the heat source outlet of the low temperature generator.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and refrigerating by using low-level energy as described above, preferably, a low-temperature steam reuse output control valve is disposed between the low-temperature generator and the pre-heater.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and refrigerating by using low-level energy, preferably, an air-cooled condenser is connected with the low-temperature output pipe, and a direct-discharge cooling control valve is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the air-cooled condenser; and the air cooling condenser is connected with the condensed water output pipe.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and refrigerating by using low-level energy as described above, preferably, a high-temperature heat exchanger is arranged between the absorber and the high-temperature generator; and a low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged between the absorber and the low-temperature generator.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit and the air-cooled high back pressure unit, the high temperature generator is preferably connected in series with the low temperature generator through a second steam pipeline.
In the combined system of the air-cooled high back pressure unit for heating and refrigerating by using low-level energy as described above, preferably, a series control valve is arranged between the low-temperature heater and the high-temperature heater; and a parallel control valve is arranged between the low-temperature heater and the heat consumer.
Through the structural design, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an air-cooled high back pressure unit heating and refrigerating combined system utilizing low-level energy, which comprises an intermediate pressure cylinder, a low pressure cylinder, an absorption refrigerating system and a heating system, wherein the low pressure cylinder is connected with the intermediate pressure cylinder through a steam pipeline; the low-temperature output pipe is led out from the low-pressure cylinder and is respectively connected with the heater and the generator.
The air-cooled high back pressure unit provided by the invention utilizes the low-level energy to supply heat and refrigerate the combined system, fully utilizes the exhaust steam of the high back pressure air-cooled unit, combines heating and refrigeration, and solves the problem that the waste heat of the exhaust steam of the unit is wasted in the heating stop period of the unit in summer. In the invention, the low-temperature heater and the low-temperature generator are connected on the exhaust pipeline from the low-pressure cylinder to the air-cooled condenser, so that the unit can simultaneously heat and refrigerate, the heat of the heating and the refrigeration is controlled by the valve, and the independent heating or the independent refrigeration can be realized. When the demand of heating or refrigerating capacity is high, the high-temperature heater and the high-temperature generator are connected to the intermediate pressure cylinder, the valve controls the heating and refrigerating capacity, the high-temperature heater, the low-temperature heater and the pre-heater connected with the low-temperature generator are connected in series to heat the circulating water of the heat supply network, the circulating water of the heat supply network is firstly heated by the pre-heater and then enters the low-temperature heater, low-level energy is recycled twice to further reduce the heat exchange temperature difference, then the circulating water is sent to the high-temperature heater to absorb high-level heat of medium-pressure exhaust steam, and the drain waste heat of the low-temperature generator of the air cooling unit, the low-level heat source of low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam and the high-level heat source of medium-pressure exhaust steam are combined to reduce. In addition, the low-temperature generator and the high-temperature generator are arranged, so that cold energy can be generated by directly utilizing heat energy, and when the air conditioner runs in summer, waste heat of exhaust steam can be utilized, and the power consumption of refrigeration of a user can be reduced. In conclusion, the invention solves the problem of heat energy waste and has the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a combined system of air-cooled high back pressure units utilizing low level energy for heating and cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
the system comprises an intermediate pressure cylinder 1, a low pressure cylinder 2, a condenser 3, an evaporator 4, an absorber 5, a low temperature heater 6, a high temperature heater 7, a high temperature generator 8, a low temperature generator 9, a pre-heater 10, a condensate pump 11, an air-cooled condenser 12, a high temperature heat exchanger 13 and a low temperature heat exchanger 14.
The valve class labels are: 15 to 23 and 24 to 26.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. The various examples are provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. It is therefore intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a combined system for heating and cooling by using low-level energy for an air-cooled high back pressure unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a combined system for supplying heat and refrigerating by using low-level energy for an air-cooled high-back-pressure unit, which comprises the air-cooled high-back-pressure unit, an absorption refrigerating system and a heating system, wherein the absorption refrigerating system can utilize dead steam discharged by the air-cooled high-back-pressure unit. The absorption refrigeration system comprises a cold air terminal used for being arranged at a cold user position, and the heating system comprises a heating terminal used for being arranged at a hot user position.
The air cooling high back pressure unit comprises an intermediate pressure cylinder 1 and a low pressure cylinder 2, high temperature and high pressure steam output by a steam drum enters a steam turbine to push the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 to do work, the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 is connected with the low pressure cylinder 2 through a steam pipeline, the temperature and the pressure of the steam after passing through the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 are reduced, then the steam enters the low pressure cylinder 2 to do work, finally exhaust steam is discharged by the low pressure cylinder 2, the exhaust steam temperature is still high, and a large amount of heat energy is still contained.
The same power output shaft is connected between the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 and the low pressure cylinder 2, the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 and the low pressure cylinder 2 jointly act to drive the power output shaft to rotate, and then the power output shaft drives the generator set to generate power.
The intermediate pressure cylinder 1 and the low pressure cylinder 2 both have steam output, a high temperature output pipe is led out from the intermediate pressure cylinder 1, and a low temperature output pipe is led out from the low pressure cylinder 2. The temperature of the steam output by the high-temperature output pipe is higher than that of the steam output by the low-temperature output pipe.
The heating system is including high temperature heater 7 and low temperature heater 6, and the quantity of heater is two promptly, and high temperature heater 7 is in series-parallel connection with low temperature heater 6, and its concrete structure is: two pipelines are led out from the low-temperature heater 6, a series control valve 20 is arranged on one pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with the high-temperature heater 7 to realize the series connection between the low-temperature heater 6 and the high-temperature heater 7. The low-temperature heater 6 is connected with the high-temperature heater 7 in series and then is connected with the hot user, so that the low-temperature heater 6 and the high-temperature heater 7 sequentially exchange heat with the hot user, heating of the hot user is achieved, and the heat supply can meet the requirement of high heating capacity or high-temperature heating. The other pipeline is provided with a parallel control valve 17, the pipeline supplies heat to a heat user in a mode of being connected with the high-temperature heater 7 in parallel, only the low-temperature heater 7 and the heat user are used for heat exchange, the heat supply is low, and the requirement of low heating quantity or low-temperature heating can be met.
The low temperature generator 9 has a heat source outlet. The steam output by the low pressure cylinder 2 passes through the low temperature generator 9, and after the steam is utilized by the low temperature generator 9, certain heat energy can still be reused, therefore, the invention is provided with the pre-heater 10, namely, a pipeline is arranged between the heat source outlet of the low temperature generator 9 and the pre-heater 10. In practical application, the low-temperature steam reuse output control valve 24 is arranged on the pipeline, and the steam (the steam used by the low-temperature generator 9) output by the low-temperature generator 9 can be output to the pre-heater 10 under the control of the low-temperature steam reuse output control valve 24.
Specifically, two water return branch pipes connected in parallel are connected to the output end of the hot user, wherein a first water return control valve 18 is arranged on one water return branch pipe, and the water return branch pipe is connected with the low-temperature heater 6. And a second backwater control valve 23 is arranged on the other backwater branch pipe, and the backwater branch pipe is connected with the front heater 10. Therefore, different heating paths of cold sources of heat users can be realized by controlling the first water return control valve 18 and the second water return control valve 23, and different heat supply requirements are met.
After the pre-heater 10 exchanges heat, steam can be cooled and condensed, so a condensed water output pipe is installed on the pre-heater 10 for outputting condensed water. And a condensate pump 11 is arranged on the condensate output pipe and used for providing power for conveying the condensate so that the condensate can return to the air-cooling high back pressure unit for recycling. Similarly, the low-temperature heater 6 is connected with the condensed water output pipe. The low temperature generator 9 is connected with a condensed water output pipe, a valve 22 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the low temperature generator 9 and the condensed water output pipe, when the valve 22 is closed and a low temperature steam recycling output control valve 24 is opened, the steam discharged by the low temperature generator 9 is output to the pre-heater 10 and is recycled.
The absorption refrigeration system provided by the invention is similar to the traditional absorption refrigeration system in structure, and comprises a generator, a condenser 3, an evaporator 4 and an absorber 5, wherein in the generator, dilute solution in the generator is heated to generate steam, the steam is condensed by the condenser 3 to become liquid water, the liquid water enters the evaporator 4 through a throttle valve to be evaporated and absorbed, so that cold energy is provided for cold users, the liquid water enters the absorber 5 through the evaporator 4 in the form of steam to be condensed and absorbed by high-concentration solution in the absorber, the absorber 5 is connected with the generator and is used for providing low-concentration solution (or dilute solution), and the high-concentration solution (or concentrated solution) in the generator can flow back to the absorber 5. The present invention does not provide substantial structural and operational improvements to absorption refrigeration systems, and therefore, the generator, condenser 3, evaporator 4 and absorber 5 of the present invention are similar in structure to those of the prior art, and the piping connections between the various components can be made with reference to the prior art.
In an absorption refrigeration system, a generator is a heat-using device and is also a device for generating high-concentration solution and outputting steam, and the generator is provided with a heat source inlet, a heat source outlet, a steam outlet for generating steam after being heated, a low-concentration solution inlet and a high-concentration solution outlet. The low-temperature output pipe is connected with the generator, a refrigeration control valve 21 is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the generator, specifically, the low-temperature output pipe is connected with a heat source inlet of the generator, and other interface structures of the generator are connected according to a traditional structure form. In the present invention, the generator heats the dilute solution by steam heat energy to generate steam. In particular, in the present invention, the generator includes two types, i.e., a low temperature generator 9 and a high temperature generator 8, the low temperature generator 9 can utilize low temperature heat energy, and the high temperature generator 8 can utilize high temperature heat energy.
Specifically, the high-temperature output pipe led out from the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 has two branches, one of the branches is provided with a first high-temperature steam output valve 19, and the branch is connected with the high-temperature heater 7 and used for providing high-temperature high-pressure steam for the high-temperature heater 7. The other branch is provided with a second high-temperature steam output valve 25, and the branch is connected with the high-temperature generator 8, so that high-temperature and high-pressure steam is provided for the high-temperature generator 8.
In the present invention the generator has a high temperature generator 8 and a low temperature generator 9, both types of generators being connected to the absorber 5. Because the low-concentration solution is cooled in the absorber 5 and the temperature is lower, in order to save the heat for heating the low-concentration solution and improve the thermal efficiency of the whole device, a heat exchanger is added in the system, so that the high-concentration solution flowing out of the generator exchanges heat with the low-concentration solution flowing out of the absorber 5 (the temperature of the former is higher than that of the latter), and the temperature of the low-concentration solution entering the generator 5 is improved. Specifically, the present invention provides a high temperature heat exchanger 13 between the absorber 5 and the high temperature generator 8, and the present invention provides a low temperature heat exchanger 14 between the absorber 5 and the low temperature generator 9, so that the low concentration solution output from the absorber 5 absorbs heat of the high concentration solution output from the high temperature generator 8 in the high temperature heat exchanger 13. After heat exchange, preheating the low-concentration solution, then entering the high-temperature generator 8, heating the low-concentration solution to form a high-concentration solution, and enabling the high-concentration solution passing through the high-temperature heat exchanger 13 to enter the absorber 5 through heat exchange; the same applies to the cryogenic heat exchanger 14 between the absorber 5 and the cryogenic generator 9.
The low-temperature condenser is connected with a low-temperature output pipe through a low-pressure cylinder 2, steam output by the low-temperature output pipe has three paths, one path is used for heat exchange when entering a low-temperature heater 6, the other path enters a low-temperature generator 9 to participate in refrigeration operation, and the last path is provided with an air-cooled condenser 12, the air-cooled condenser 12 and a condensate pump 11. In each of the three paths, a valve is provided, for example, a heating control valve 16 is provided between the low-temperature output pipe and the low-temperature heater 6, a cooling control valve 21 is provided between the low-temperature output pipe and the low-temperature generator 9, and an in-line cooling control valve 26 is provided between the low-temperature output pipe and the air-cooled condenser 12.
The invention aims to solve the problems of heat energy waste and adverse energy conservation and environmental protection when an air-cooled high-back-pressure heat supply unit operates in summer. Through the structural design, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the air-cooled high back pressure unit utilizes low-level energy to supply heat and refrigerate the combined system, it fully utilizes the exhaust steam of the high back pressure air-cooled unit, combine heating with refrigerating, solve the problem that the unit steam exhaust waste heat is wasted in the warm period of summer, through connecting low-temperature heater 6 and low-temperature generator 9 on the exhaust steam pipeline (or called low-temperature output pipe) from low-pressure cylinder 2 to air-cooled condenser 12, the unit can supply heat and refrigerate at the same time, control the heat of heating and refrigerating by the valve, can also realize heating alone or refrigerating alone. When the demand of heating or refrigerating capacity is high, the high-temperature heater 7 and the high-temperature generator 8 are connected to the intermediate pressure cylinder 1, the valve controls the heating and refrigerating capacity, the high-temperature heater 7, the low-temperature heater 6 and the front heater 10 connected with the low-temperature generator 9 are connected in series to heat the heat supply network circulating water, the heat supply network circulating water is firstly heated by the front heater 10 and then enters the low-temperature heater 6, low-level energy is recycled twice, the heat exchange temperature difference is further reduced, then the heat supply network circulating water is sent to the high-temperature heater 7 to absorb high-level heat of medium-pressure exhaust steam, the hydrophobic waste heat of the low-temperature generator 9, the low-level heat source of the low-pressure cylinder 2 and the high-level heat source of the intermediate pressure cylinder exhaust steam are combined, the heat exchange temperature difference is. In addition, the low-temperature generator 9 and the high-temperature generator 8 are arranged, so that the cold energy can be generated by directly utilizing the steam heat energy, the waste heat of the exhaust steam can be utilized when the steam-cooled heat-pump air conditioner runs in summer, and the power consumption of refrigeration of a user can be reduced. In conclusion, the invention solves the problem of heat energy waste and has the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection.
The absorption refrigeration system adopted by the invention is a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator which can directly utilize heat energy for refrigeration, the refrigeration unit adopts a two-stage absorption lithium bromide refrigerator, the temperature of the required driving heat source is low, and the temperature range of the driving heat source is 65-70 ℃, so that the absorption refrigeration system can fully utilize the waste steam and waste heat discharged by the low-pressure cylinder 2 in the air-cooled high-back-pressure unit in summer, and the purpose of reducing energy waste is achieved. In the invention, the absorption refrigeration system can also adopt an ammonia absorption refrigerator.
The following explains the specific operation mode of the air-cooled high back pressure unit utilizing low level energy to supply heat and refrigerate the combined system:
1. independent heat supply:
under the working condition 1a, in the initial stage and the final stage of heating, the heating demand is low, a valve (or called a first valve) 15, a heating control valve 16, a parallel control valve 17, a first water return control valve 18 is opened, other valves are closed, the exhaust steam of a low-pressure cylinder 2 enters a low-temperature heater 6 to heat the circulating water of a heat supply network, provides heat for a heat user, then becomes hydrophobic, and returns to a heat return system through a condensed water output pipe and a condensed water pump.
Under the working condition 1b, in the middle heating period, the heating demand is high, the valve 15, the heating control valve 16, the first return control valve 18, the first high-temperature steam output valve 19 and the series control valve 20 are opened, and other valves are closed. In contrast to 1a, the parallel control valve 17 is closed. The exhaust steam of the low pressure cylinder 2 enters a low temperature heater 6, the exhaust steam of the medium pressure cylinder 1 enters a high temperature heater 7, and the high temperature heater 7 and the low temperature heater 6 are connected in series to heat the circulating water of the heat supply network.
2. Independent refrigeration:
under the working condition 2a and when the cold quantity requirement is low, the valve 15, the refrigeration control valve 21 and the valve (or called as a second valve) 22 are opened, other valves are closed, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 2 enters the low-temperature generator 9 of the lithium bromide refrigerator to heat the lithium bromide solution, and then the exhaust steam becomes hydrophobic water and enters the condensate pump 11 to return to the heat recovery system. The water in the heated lithium bromide solution is evaporated, the water vapor enters the condenser 3, the water vapor is cooled into liquid water in the condenser 3 by passing cold water, the liquid water enters the vacuum evaporator 4 and is evaporated into the water vapor, cold energy is generated in the water evaporation process, and the cold energy is utilized by a cold user to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. The water vapor enters the absorber 5 and is absorbed into a dilute solution by the high-concentration lithium bromide solution. The dilute solution enters the low temperature generator 9 and is subjected to the next cycle.
Under the working condition 2b, when the cold quantity demand is high, the valve 15, the refrigeration control valve 21, the valve 22 and the second high-temperature steam output valve 25 are opened, other valves are closed, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 2 enters the low-temperature generator 9, the exhaust steam of the intermediate-pressure cylinder 1 enters the high-temperature generator 8, the steam comes out from the high-temperature generator 8 and then enters the low-temperature generator 9, and the steam comes out from the low-temperature generator 9 to become drain water, enters the condensate pump 11 and returns to the heat recovery system. After the lithium bromide solution in the high-temperature generator 8 and the low-temperature generator 9 is heated, water vapor formed by water evaporation sequentially enters the condenser 3 and the evaporator 4, the chilled water heat coming from a cold user is taken away by evaporation in the evaporator 4 to provide cold for the cold user, then the chilled water heat returns to the absorber 5 and is absorbed into dilute solution by the lithium bromide concentrated solution in the absorber, and the dilute solution enters the high-temperature generator 8 and then is circulated next time.
The concentrated lithium bromide solution in the absorber 5 absorbs water vapor to become dilute solution, and after passing through the low-temperature heat exchanger 14 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 13, the dilute lithium bromide solution respectively enters the low-temperature generator 9 and the high-temperature generator 8, and after absorbing heat, water is evaporated to become the concentrated lithium bromide solution which enters the absorber 5 through the heat exchanger.
3. Heating and refrigerating simultaneously:
the method comprises the following steps that under the working condition 3a, at the initial stage of heating and the final stage of heating, when the heating demand is low and the cold demand is also low, a valve 15, a heating control valve 16, a parallel control valve 17, a refrigeration control valve 21 and a second return water control valve 23 are arranged, a low-temperature steam recycling output control valve 24 is opened, other valves are closed, one part of exhaust steam of a low-pressure cylinder 2 enters a low-temperature heater 6, the other part of the exhaust steam enters a low-temperature generator 9 of a lithium bromide refrigerator, the low-temperature generator 9 is connected with a front heater 10, low-temperature steam output from the low-temperature generator 9 enters the front heater 10, the low-temperature heater 6 and the front heater 10 are connected in series to heat circulating water of a heat. The drained water from the pre-heater 10 and the low-temperature heater 6 enters the condensate pump 11 through the condensate output pipe and returns to the regenerative system.
Under the working condition 3b, in the middle heating period, when the heat supply demand is high and the cold quantity demand is low, the valve 15, the heating control valve 16, the first high-temperature steam output valve 19, the series control valve 20, the second return water control valve 23, the low-temperature steam recycling output control valve 24 is opened, other valves are closed, the exhaust steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 enters the high-temperature heater 7, the exhaust steam of the low pressure cylinder 2 enters the low-temperature heater 6, and the low-temperature heater 6 and the high-temperature heater 7 are connected in series and then heat the circulating water of the heat supply network in sequence. The exhaust steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 comes out from the high temperature heater 7, enters the low temperature generator 9 for refrigeration, then enters the pre-heater 10 for heating the circulating water of the heat supply network, and finally enters the condensate pump 11 through the condensate output pipe to return to the heat recovery system. The high temperature heater 7 is connected with the low temperature generator 9, in particular to a heat source inlet of the low temperature generator 9.
The working condition 3c, the initial stage of heating and the final stage of heating, when the heating demand is low and the cold demand is high, the valve 15, the heating control valve 16, the parallel control valve 17, the refrigeration control valve 21, the second backwater control valve 23, the low-temperature steam recycling output control valve 24, the second high-temperature steam output valve 25 is opened, other valves are closed, the exhaust steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 enters the high-temperature generator 8, the steam comes out of the high-temperature generator 8 and then enters the low-temperature generator 9, one part of the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 2 enters the low-temperature generator 9 of the lithium bromide refrigerator for refrigeration, the other part of the exhaust steam enters the low-temperature heater 6, then comes out of the low-temperature generator 9 and enters the pre-heater 10, and the low-temperature heater 6 and the pre. The drained water from the pre-heater 10 and the low-temperature heater 6 enters the condensate pump 11 through the condensate output pipe and returns to the regenerative system.
Under the working condition 3d, when the heat supply requirement is high and the cold quantity requirement is also high, the valve 15, the heating control valve 16, the first high-temperature steam output valve 19, the series control valve 20, the second return water control valve 23, the low-temperature steam recycling output control valve 24, the second high-temperature steam output valve 25 is opened, other valves are closed, part of exhaust steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 enters the high-temperature heater 7, and steam coming out of the high-temperature heater 7 enters the low-temperature generator 9 for refrigeration; the other part enters a high-temperature generator 8 for refrigeration, and the steam from the high-temperature generator 8 enters a low-temperature generator 9 again. Finally, the steam output by the low-temperature generator 9 enters the pre-heater 10 again. The exhaust steam of the low pressure cylinder 2 enters a low temperature heater 6, and the low temperature heater 6 and a pre-heater 10 are connected in series to heat the circulating water of the heat supply network.
It should be noted that, in the above operating conditions, the in-line cooling control valve 26 is not in the range of other valves, and the opening or closing of the in-line cooling control valve 26 may be as follows: the direct-exhaust cooling control valve 26 is closed in the middle stage of heating, and is opened in the initial stage and the final stage of heating as required; and when the refrigerating capacity requirement is large, the refrigerator is closed, and when the refrigerating capacity requirement is small, the refrigerator is opened according to the requirement.
4. When neither heat supply nor refrigeration is performed:
when neither heating nor refrigeration is needed, the direct-exhaust cooling control valve 26 is opened, other valves are closed, and the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 2 enters the air-cooled condenser 12 through the direct-exhaust cooling control valve 26 to be condensed into water and then returns to the heat-regenerative system. The whole system utilizes the valve 15 to control the steam quantity of the intermediate pressure cylinder 1 entering the low pressure cylinder 2, the heating control valve 16 and the refrigeration control valve 21 control the steam discharge quantity entering the low temperature generator 9 and the low temperature heater 6, and the first high temperature steam output valve 19 and the second high temperature steam output valve 25 control the steam discharge quantity entering the high temperature generator 8 and the high temperature heater 7, thereby realizing the control of the heat supply and refrigeration quantity of the whole system.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air-cooled high back pressure unit heating and refrigerating combined system utilizing low-level energy comprises an intermediate pressure cylinder (1) and a low pressure cylinder (2) connected with the intermediate pressure cylinder through a steam pipeline, and is characterized in that,
the absorption refrigeration system comprises a generator, a condenser (3), an evaporator (4) and an absorber (5), and the evaporator is connected with a cold user;
the heating system comprises a heater, and the heater is connected with a heat user;
a low-temperature output pipe is led out from the low-pressure cylinder, the low-temperature output pipe is respectively connected with the heater and the generator, a refrigeration control valve (21) is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the generator, and a heating control valve (16) is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the heater.
2. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 1,
the heater comprises a low-temperature heater (6) and a high-temperature heater (7), and the low-temperature heater and the high-temperature heater are connected in series and then connected with the hot user;
the low-temperature output pipe is connected with the low-temperature heater;
the generator comprises a high-temperature generator (8) and a low-temperature generator (9), and the high-temperature generator and the low-temperature generator are respectively connected with the condenser;
a high-temperature output pipe is led out of the intermediate pressure cylinder, the high-temperature output pipe is respectively connected with the high-temperature heater and the high-temperature generator, a first high-temperature steam output valve (19) is arranged between the high-temperature output pipe and the high-temperature heater, and a second high-temperature steam output valve (25) is arranged between the high-temperature output pipe and the high-temperature generator;
the low-temperature output pipe is connected with the low-temperature generator.
3. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 2,
the low-temperature generator is connected with the low-temperature heater through a front heater (10).
4. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 2 or 3,
the high-temperature heater is connected with the low-temperature generator in series through a first steam pipeline.
5. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 3,
two backwater branch pipes which are connected in parallel are led out from a hot user, wherein one backwater branch pipe is provided with a first backwater control valve (18) and is connected with the low-temperature heater, and the other backwater branch pipe is provided with a second backwater control valve (23) and is connected with the front heater.
6. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 3,
a condensed water output pipe is led out from the pre-heater, and a condensed water pump (11) is arranged on the condensed water output pipe;
the low-temperature heater is connected with the condensed water output pipe;
preferably, a valve (22) is arranged on a pipeline connected between the condensed water output pipe and a heat source outlet of the low-temperature generator;
further preferably, a low-temperature steam recycling output control valve (24) is arranged between the low-temperature generator and the pre-heater.
7. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 6,
an air-cooled condenser (12) is connected with the low-temperature output pipe, and a direct-discharge cooling control valve (26) is arranged between the low-temperature output pipe and the air-cooled condenser;
and the air cooling condenser is connected with the condensed water output pipe.
8. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 2,
a high-temperature heat exchanger (13) is arranged between the absorber and the high-temperature generator;
a low-temperature heat exchanger (14) is arranged between the absorber and the low-temperature generator.
9. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 2 or 3,
the high-temperature generator is connected with the low-temperature generator in series through a second steam pipeline.
10. The air-cooled high back pressure unit combined heating and refrigerating system using low-level energy according to claim 2 or 3,
a series control valve (20) is arranged between the low-temperature heater and the high-temperature heater;
a parallel control valve (17) is arranged between the low-temperature heater and the heat consumer.
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