CN110621865B - 用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与内燃机连接的装置的方法，以及用于执行该方法的*** - Google Patents

用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与内燃机连接的装置的方法，以及用于执行该方法的*** Download PDF

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CN110621865B
CN110621865B CN201880034186.9A CN201880034186A CN110621865B CN 110621865 B CN110621865 B CN 110621865B CN 201880034186 A CN201880034186 A CN 201880034186A CN 110621865 B CN110621865 B CN 110621865B
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exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
obd
value
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CN110621865A (zh
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G.莫伊尔西尔
C.施拉扎
S.德策科
G.哈加
A.德尔
M.***特
M.哈克纳
C.维曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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Abstract

一种用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与所述内燃机相连接的装置的方法。所述方法具有以下方法步骤：‑通过废气测量仪分析至少一个废气值，‑通过OBD测量仪确定至少一个OBD测量值，所述OBD测量值在车载诊断的范围内通过车辆内部的控制器分析，‑将所述至少一个废气值和/或所述至少一个OBD测量值传输到测评机构，‑通过所述测评机构从所述至少一个废气值和所述至少一个OBD测量值中推导出影响所述内燃机和/或与所述内燃机连接的装置的故障功能。

Description

用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与内燃机连接的装置的方法， 以及用于执行该方法的***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与内燃机连接的装置的方法，以及一种用于执行该方法的***。
背景技术
由EP 2514 954 B1已知一种用于柴油机的诊断方法，该方法用于确定发动机（Kraftmaschine）或至少一个与发动机连接的装置是否被对由发动机产生的废气的污染程度具有负面影响的一个或多个故障功能（Fehlfunktion）所影响。该诊断方法分析废气中二氧化碳的水平，并由此推断出发动机的故障功能。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与所述内燃机相连接的装置的方法，并且提供一种用于执行所述方法的***。传统的诊断方法仅仅基于废气值的研究，如在现有技术中所描述的那样。该过程通常仅允许关于存在的故障和有缺陷的组件的粗略的且可较差再现的结论。出于这个原因，在根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置中通过其它测量通道确定关于车辆的附加信息，从而可以实现改善的诊断结论。附加的测量值由数据、测量值和故障信息组成，这些数据、测量值和故障信息通过车载诊断由车辆本身提供并且可以通过接口由OBD测量仪读出。
此外，分析废气值，其给出关于废气的气态成分的浓度的信息和/或表征除了气态废气组分之外包含在废气中的颗粒的废气值。
此外，要求保护一种***，该***包括废气测量仪、OBD测量仪和用于诊断机动车的内燃机以及与内燃机连接的装置的测评机构，根据本发明的方法可以在其上执行。
根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤：
- 通过废气测量仪分析至少一个废气值，
- 通过OBD测量仪确定至少一个OBD测量值，所述OBD测量值在车载诊断的范围内通过车辆内部的控制器分析，
- 将所述至少一个废气值和/或所述至少一个OBD测量值传输到测评机构，
- 通过所述测评机构从所述至少一个废气值和所述至少一个OBD测量值中推导出影响所述内燃机和/或与所述内燃机连接的装置的故障功能。
有利的是，根据内燃机的多个预先给定的状态来执行所述方法步骤，因为通过相应的预先给定的状态将内燃机置于一种使车辆中的某些组件激活的运行状态中。如果所收集的测量值（OBD测量值和废气值）与期望不一致，则可以推导出故障。
当通过OBD测量仪进行车辆识别时，得到一个特别的优点，因为这排除了由使用者引起的故障并且非常舒适。当根据车辆识别定义预先给定的状态时，得到另一个优点，因为这能够根据相应的车辆实现对于测试环境的调整并且因此提高诊断的说服力。
有利的测试环境可以通过状态来定义，在所述状态中预先给定在一定的时间间隔上的转速变化曲线。
另一优点在于，OBD测量仪将关于OBD分析的故障的信息传输到测评机构，因为这些信息可以在探测有缺陷的组件时使用。此外，通过这些信息可以调整状态的更有针对性的和更好的预先给定。
有利的是，通过OBD-测量仪获取发动机温度和λ-值作为第一控制信息，因为这些测量值具有关于在车辆的组件中可能的缺陷的高说服力。
附图说明
本发明的优选实施例在附图中示出并且在下面的说明中详细阐述。
其中：
图1示出了具有车辆的、由废气测量仪、OBD测量仪和测评机构组成的***的示意图，
图2示出了根据本发明的第一实施方式的根据本发明的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了由废气测量仪12、13、14、OBD测量仪18和测评机构20组成的***的示意图，其中，该***执行对机动车10的内燃机5以及与内燃机5连接的装置6、7的诊断。机动车10通过虚线非常简化地示出。
与内燃机5连接的装置6是机动车10的发动机6，该发动机通过内燃机5驱动。发动机6燃烧任何类型的燃料，特别是柴油、汽油或天然气。
内燃机5与另外的装置7连接。与内燃机5连接的其它装置7例如是用于燃料供应的装置7和/或用于空气供应的装置7和/或用于废气后处理的装置7。
用于燃料供应的装置7例如可以具有至少一个泵、燃料过滤器、带有填充水平传感器的燃料箱、限压阀、高压共轨（Rail）、轨压传感器和至少一个喷射器。
用于空气供应的装置7例如可以具有废气再循环冷却器、调节翻板（Regelklappe）、具有废气再循环阀和位置测量仪的废气再循环调节器、具有旁路的增压空气冷却器、废气涡轮增压器和增压空气调节器。
用于废气后处理的装置7例如可以包括氧化催化器、颗粒过滤器（CSF）、炭黑传感器、还原剂箱、还原剂泵、还原剂喷嘴、还原剂输送泵、还原剂喷嘴、NOx传感器、SCR催化器和NH3传感器。
用于废气后处理的装置7与将废气排出到环境中的废气管8连接。
此外，机动车10具有至少一个车辆总线17，该车辆总线与至少一个内部控制器15和另外的传感器19或控制机构19连接。通过控制器15和另外的传感器19或控制机构19控制、分析和操控机动车10内部的功能。
车辆总线17也与内燃机5和与内燃机5连接的装置6、7连接。借助于所述控制器15可以对内燃机5以及与内燃机5相连接的装置6、7进行车载诊断。在此，可以确定诸如发动机6的温度或转速的值。此外，例如可以在车载诊断内确定在下面的表格中示出的测量值。控制器15通过车辆总线17与至少一个接口16连接。该接口16可以是OBD接口，OBD测量仪18可以连接到该OBD接口上。替代地，接口18也可以是发送模块，其可以建立与OBD测量仪18或外部计算机20的无线连接。
废气测量仪12、13、14借助于探头11分析机动车10的至少一个废气值，该探头被引入到废气管8中或者被放置在废气管8附近。
第一废气测量仪12测量至少一个废气值，所述废气值描述废气的气态成分的浓度。在此，可以检测气体CO、HC；O2、NO、CO2和NO2的浓度。此外，第一废气测量仪12也可以确定废气的λ值。
第二废气测量仪14测量至少一个废气值，所述废气值表征除了气态成分之外包含在废气中的颗粒。该废气值可以是在浊度测量的范围内被确定的吸收系数。但替代地，也可以使该废气值通过废气中的颗粒大小和/或颗粒数量来表征。此外，第一废气测量仪12也可以确定废气的λ值。
用于诊断机动车辆10的内燃机5以及与内燃机5连接的装置6、7的***可以包括第一废气测量仪12或者第二废气测量仪14或者两个废气测量仪12、14。
在一种替代的实施方式中，第一废气测量仪12和第二废气测量仪14被包括在通用废气测量仪13中，其中通用废气测量仪13具有第一废气测量仪12的所有功能和第二废气测量仪14的所有功能。通用废气测量仪13既可以分析描述废气的气态成分的浓度的废气值，也可以分析描述废气的气态成分的浓度的废气值。
此外，该***具有测评机构20，该测评机构不仅与废气测量仪12、13、14而且与OBD测量仪18无线地或有线地连接。测评机构20也可以集成到OBD测量仪中或集成到废气测量仪12、13、14中。
图2示出了描述根据本发明的方法的流程图。方法步骤110至150优选通过测评机构20来执行。
在方法步骤110中，基于测评机构20从OBD测量仪18接收的数据进行车辆识别。OBD测量仪18在方法步骤110中获取如下数据，所述数据在车辆中存储在控制器15或车辆总线17上。车辆识别例如可以基于车辆10的VIN（Vehicle Identification Number、交通工具识别号码）来进行。此外，在车辆识别的范围内也可以确定车辆10的EURO有害物质等级。根据车辆识别，可以动态地、车辆特定地匹配阈值。
在方法步骤120中，基于车辆识别进行检查周期的确定，其中，检查周期包括内燃机5的多个预先给定的状态（阶段）。检查周期的一个状态（阶段）例如可包括应在预先给定的时间间隔内应该遵循的转速范围。
检查周期的示例：
阶段1：转速<1100 rpm；持续时间t=30s；
阶段2：转速3100 rpm；持续时间t=30s；
阶段3：加速至调节转速（Abregeldrehzahl）；持续时间t=10s；
阶段4：转速<1100 rpm，持续时间t=30s；
阶段5：发动机停止；点火；持续时间30s。
在方法步骤130中，在经过检查周期时通过测评机构20接收至少一个废气值和至少一个OBD测量值。在方法步骤130中，通过至少一个废气测量仪13、14、15由车辆10的废气确定废气值。OBD测量值由OBD测量仪18经由接口16接收，其中，OBD测量值在车载诊断的范围内已经由车辆内部的控制器15测得。
在方法步骤140中，通过测评机构20由至少一个废气值和至少一个OBD测量值推导出影响内燃机7和/或与内燃机7连接的装置6的故障功能。
为了以更高的可能性验证故障功能，可以重复方法步骤120、130和140一次或多次。在此，针对m个方法步骤120大多确定一个检查周期，该检查周期具有较少数量的状态（阶段）。在大多数情况下，重复在该示例中所列举的阶段4。
在方法步骤150中，根据所述故障功能来识别有缺陷的组件。 如果不能明确地识别出有缺陷的组件，则确定优先级，根据该优先级在随后的细节分析的范围内可以搜索有缺陷的组件。替换地，定义具有可能的有缺陷的组件的特定的顺序的更换建议。
下面描述可能的故障功能，其可由至少一个废气值和至少一个OBD测量值推导出。
用于空气供应的装置中的故障功能：
在方法步骤130中，测评机构20接收车辆10的发动机温度和转速作为OBD测量值。此外，测评机构20接收HC和CO的气态成分的浓度以及λ值作为废气值。
从在<1100 rpm的转速下20 ppm的HC值在大于10秒的持续时间内和大于80度的发动机温度中可以推导出车辆10中的一般故障功能。 如果附加地CO值>0.01%体积并且λ<2，那么在用于空气供应的装置中存在故障功能。
用于废气后处理（DPF）的装置中的故障功能：
a）柴油颗粒过滤器
在方法步骤130中，测评机构20接收车辆10的发动机温度和转速作为OBD测量值。此外，测评机构20接收浑浊度或废气系数作为废气值。
由大于0.1m-1的吸收系数，在0.5秒内从<1100 rpm的值到至少2500 rpm的转速上升，以及高于80度的发动机温度，可以推导出用于废气后处理的装置中的故障功能，特别是柴油颗粒过滤器的故障功能。
b）废气温度传感器
在方法步骤130中，测评机构20接收车辆10的废气温度和转速作为OBD测量值。替代地，废气温度可以由废气测量仪测量。此外，测评机构20接收λ值、废气中的NO浓度和浊度或者说废气系数作为废气值。
如果在方法步骤110中的车辆识别的范围内，识别出没有SCR（选择性催化还原）的车辆10，则可能存在以下故障：如果在阶段4中在λ值>2并且吸收系数>=0.1m-1的情况下没有显著的温度升高地识别出NO浓度升高，则可以由此推导出废气温度传感器的故障。
c）废气调节阀
在方法步骤130中，测评机构20接收车辆10的废气温度和转速作为OBD测量值。替代地，废气温度可以由废气测量仪测量。此外，测评机构20接收λ值、废气中的NO和O2的浓度和浊度或废气系数作为废气值。
如果在方法步骤110中的车辆识别的范围内，识别出没有SCR（选择性催化还原）的车辆10，则可能存在以下故障：如果EGR率显示出显著的变化，但没有相应的废气浓度的显著变化，例如在相应的转速范围和废气温度范围中的NO的显著变化，则这是卡住的（festsitzend）废气调节阀的标识（Zeichen）。
在所提及的示例中，如下阶段可以重复进行，在该阶段中测量可以多次进行，以便验证结果，并排除在测量和由此进行的故障推导（Fehlerableitung）中的故障。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于诊断机动车（10）的内燃机（7）以及与所述内燃机（10）相连接的装置（6）的方法，所述方法具有以下方法步骤：
-基于测评机构（20）从OBD测量仪（18）接收的数据来执行车辆识别，其中所述数据在车辆中存储在控制器（15）或车辆总线（17）上，
-基于车辆识别来确定检查周期，其中，所述检查周期包括内燃机（5）的多个预先给定的状态，
- 通过废气测量仪（13、14、15）分析至少一个废气值，
- 通过OBD测量仪（18）确定至少一个OBD测量值，所述OBD测量值在车载诊断的范围内通过车辆内部的控制器（15）分析，
- 将所述至少一个废气值和/或所述至少一个OBD测量值传输到测评机构（20），
- 通过所述测评机构（20）从所述至少一个废气值和所述至少一个OBD测量值中推导出影响所述内燃机（7）和/或与所述内燃机（7）连接的装置（6）的故障功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，废气值是废气的气态成分的浓度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，废气值通过废气中的颗粒大小和/或颗粒数量来表征。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述废气值是在浊度测量的范围内确定的吸收系数。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，根据内燃机（7）的多个预先给定的状态来执行所述方法步骤。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，通过预先给定在一定的时间间隔上的转速变化曲线来定义预先给定的状态。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述OBD测量仪（18）将关于OBD分析的故障的信息传输到所述测评机构（20）。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述OBD测量仪（20）总是获取发动机温度和λ值作为第一控制信息。
9.一种***，所述***包括废气测量仪（12、13、14）、OBD测量仪（18）和用于诊断机动车（10）的内燃机（7）以及与内燃机（7）连接的装置（6）的测评机构（20），其特征在于，通过所述***能够执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
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