CN110618455A - Quantitative evaluation method for sedimentary basin structure uplift - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method for sedimentary basin structure uplift. Aiming at the difficulty in quantitative evaluation of the tectonic uplift in the sedimentary basin, the invention utilizes seismic stratigraphic interpretation technology based on seismic profiles and integrates the principles of tectonic geology, utilizes the thickness change rate of the uplift and the residual stratums of slopes thereof, judges the type, the range and the amplitude of the tectonic uplift through the distribution mode of the thickness change rate, and obtains the time, the speed and other parameters of the tectonic uplift by combining related data, thereby realizing the quantitative evaluation of the tectonic uplift of the sedimentary basin on two-dimensional and three-dimensional scales.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation of sedimentary basin analysis and oil-gas exploration and development. And more particularly, to a method for evaluating the rising of sedimentary basin structure.
Background
The sedimentary basin (ancient) uplift is a positive uplift structure formed in a certain geological history stage and is a favorable direction for oil and gas transportation and accumulation of the oil and gas-containing basin, and the recovery of the uplift of the ancient uplift structure has important significance for basin structure research and oil and gas geological evaluation. In sedimentary basins, the formation and evolution of the bump are generally qualitatively analyzed by the loss of the stratum, the stratum contact relation and the structural evolution section. In the aspect of quantitative evaluation, the tectonic uplift is quantitatively evaluated mainly by using the denudation amount, and the denudation amount is quantitatively estimated by researching and inventing a plurality of geological methods, paleogeothermal, geochemistry and geophysical methods, and is widely applied to sedimentary basins. In the geophysical method technology, the qualitative definition of the distribution range of the bump is generally carried out according to the characteristics of the overburden, the truncation and the like of the stratum. Meanwhile, the ancient structural restoration is carried out by utilizing the methods and technologies such as a layer leveling method, a balanced section method, a pagoda diagram method, a thickness diagram method, a three-dimensional structural restoration method and the like, and the formation and evolution of the bulges are researched by combining the ablation amount.
As most sedimentary basins have the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-mode structure superposition and reconstruction, the quantitative recovery of the appearance of the large-scale raised structure is difficult. The seismic data may qualitatively partition the distribution of the uplift regions and infer the time and magnitude of the uplift. The ancient structural restoration can be performed by a layer leveling method, a balanced section method, a "pagoda diagram" method, a thickness diagram method, a three-dimensional structural restoration method, and the like, but for a protrusion subjected to multi-stage structural degradation reformation, the core part is often incomplete, and the amount and distribution of the protrusion at different stages are difficult to quantitatively restore. Meanwhile, the elevation rate of the elevations of the multi-stage activities, and the elevation types and rates of different layers and different parts are difficult to quantitatively evaluate. The denudation amount calculation method is beneficial to quantitatively acquiring the rising amplitude, but is limited by few sampling points, and geological methods, well logging methods, paleo-geothermal temperature and geochemical methods cannot continuously reflect the structural rising of different parts and different periods in the basin. Some tests are high in cost and long in time consumption, and cannot meet the requirements of oil and gas exploration, development and production in time. In addition, different methods and technologies have large errors and a certain application range, and cannot completely meet the quantitative evaluation of the in-basin structure uplift.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and the method obtains parameters such as type, range, amplitude, time, speed and the like of the tectonic uplift by using the uplift and the thickness change rate of the slope residual strata through the seismic stratigraphic interpretation technology based on the seismic section and the principle of tectonic geology, and quantitatively evaluates the tectonic uplift of the sedimentary basin uplift.
The invention aims to provide a convenient and economic quantitative evaluation method for structure uplift.
The invention also aims to provide application of the quantitative evaluation method for tectonic uplift.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) on a section across the coumarone (fig. 1), the thickness of the formation at different levels was measured along the section run. The stratum thickness change rate is the stratum thickness value (H) of a set of stratum at different positions and the maximum thickness value (H) of the set of stratummax) Is divided by the maximum thickness value (H) of the set of formationsmax) The ratio of (a) reflects the change trend of the transverse thickness of the stratum at different parts of the paleohump and reflects the transverse difference of the hump. Therefore, the upheaval evolution process of the paleoplastic can be revealed through the change rate of the thickness of the stratum:
in the formula, R: a change rate (%) of the thickness of the ground layer; hmax: studying the maximum formation thickness (m) over a work area or profile; hi: and (3) the formation thickness (m) of the actual measuring point, i is 1, 2 and 3 …. The thickness unit can also be replaced by the time thickness on the seismic section, so that the calculation result is not influenced, and the numerical value with higher precision can be conveniently obtained.
The rate of change R of the thickness of the ground layer due to the elevation of the structure strongly varies along the elevation (fig. 1), and therefore, it was used for quantitative evaluation of the elevation.
(2) By calculating the floor thickness change rate R, the discrimination of the type of the elevation can be performed based on the difference in the R value distribution pattern caused by the elevations of different types such as the differential settlement type, the overburden type, the ablation type, and the breakup type (fig. 1).
(3) The boundary of the paleo-ridges at different times (fig. 1) can be determined by calculating the change rate R of the floor thickness, and a sudden change in the change rate of the floor thickness is often present at the boundary of the paleo-ridges, and this sudden change point represents the outer boundary of the paleo-ridges. At the same time, the region where the stratum of the ancient raised shaft portion was degraded was subjected to abrupt increase in the rate of change of the stratum thickness (FIG. 1b-d), and thus it was possible to identify the range of the raised degradation.
(4) The rate of change R of the thickness of the floor layer due to the rising occurring at the same time tends to have similar characteristics, with large changes occurring at different times. Therefore, the occurrence time of the upheaval can be determined based on the difference in the upper and lower layer thickness change rate distribution patterns. And (4) combining the chronostratigraphic layer and quantitative test data of the uplift duration to estimate the uplift duration. Of course, complex multi-stage upheaval is often determined by combining other structure analysis methods.
(5) The relative uplift amplitude (Hl) of a certain set of pre-depositional uplifts of the formation is calculated:
hl ═ Hmax (maximum formation thickness) -Hmin (minimum formation thickness)
It should be noted that this value represents the minimum ramp amplitude.
Wherein the correction of the amount of ablation is performed on the continuous ablation ridge and the continuous fracture ridge.
In addition, there may be global lift and degradation of the formation that needs to be corrected based on the amount of degradation calculated.
The difference in the multiple stages rises and the amount of ablation varies greatly in the raised area, where the amount of ablation tends to be difficult to recover accurately. The method can compare the relative amount of swelling in different periods through the relative swelling amplitude (Hl) of the distribution of residual strata in the swelling slope area.
(6) Based on the time, duration studies of the occurrence of swelling, in conjunction with texture analysis, the relative swelling rate (Vl) can be calculated:
relative swell amplitude (Hl)/swell time (T)
Since texture lifting tends to occur in a localized short time of lifting, the lifting rate calculated by the present invention is an average over a period of time.
Meanwhile, on the basis of the amount of the denudation and the dating data, the correction is needed to improve the precision.
It should be noted that the duration of the structural lifting and the area ablation amount are difficult to have high-precision data, so that the precision of related parameters is reduced, and parameters with large errors can be omitted from non-calculation.
In summary, the present invention aims to provide a convenient and economic quantitative evaluation method for tectonic uplift, which is a method for quantitatively evaluating parameters such as type, range, amplitude, time, speed, etc. of tectonic uplift by quantitatively measuring the thickness of the stratum on a seismic profile based on the seismic stratigraphic interpretation technology of the seismic profile and by integrating the principle of tectonic geology and by obtaining the thickness variation along the profile trend and combining other related data.
The method realizes quantitative evaluation of the uplift, and overcomes the defects of few data and difficulty in quantitative evaluation of other methods and the restriction of difficulty in acquiring a large amount of data of the ablation amount. Meanwhile, the method is fast and easy to operate, is suitable for sedimentary basins with certain seismic exploration degrees, can save a large amount of cost, can also be used for quantitative evaluation of other types of uplift, obtains parameters such as types, ranges, amplitudes, time and speed of the structural uplift by utilizing the change of the uplift and the thickness of the residual strata of the slope of the uplift, and quantitatively evaluates the structural uplift of the sedimentary basins.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method of calculating a thickness variation rate (R) of a floor layer (a: differential sedimentation type, b: overburden type, c: ablation type, d: jiilong type)
FIG. 2 seismic interpretation large section across a study uplift
FIG. 3 is a graph of the rate of change of thickness of the stratum across the study ridges (see FIG. 2 for seismic section)
FIG. 4 is a thickness variation rate curve of different layers in different sections of the north tower
Detailed Description
In the following, with reference to the examples, a method for quantitatively evaluating the tectonic uplift of sedimentary basin comprises the following steps:
(1) in a sedimentary basin with certain seismic and well drilling data, a researched uplift area is selected, a seismic interpretation work area is established, and data are loaded.
(2) And selecting a typical seismic section crossing the research bump, determining different seismic-geological horizons through well-seismic calibration, and performing seismic stratigraphic interpretation. The stratums of two wings of the ancient heaves are relatively complete, the seismic-geological horizon calibration is reasonable, and the seismic horizon is easy to track (figure 2). The ancient humped shaft part may have strong fracture action and ablation action, and the stratum pinch-out belt of the ancient humped shaft part and the part with poor seismic data quality are inferred by combining with the seismic horizon of the structural modeling interpretation.
(3) Due to the complex and diverse breakages of the bulged shaft section, possibly with a complex stacking process of the multi-stage tectonic uplift and degradation volume, seismic-geological horizon interpretation is focused on the wing sections of the ancient bulges. On the basis of integrating the existing research results, simplification processing is carried out through fracture modeling, the explanation of the micro fault is deleted, and the distribution of main fractures and the influence of the distribution on the change of the stratum thickness are highlighted.
(4) And selecting a typical large earthquake section perpendicular to the trend direction of the paleodome, wherein the typical large earthquake section has better data of the main structural unit and reasonable earthquake explanation, and picking up the time thickness (Hi) of the main earthquake-geological horizon at a certain equal interval. And selecting a reference point, and determining the maximum time thickness (Hmax).
(5) The calculation of the rate of change of thickness (R) was performed with the time thickness instead of the formation thickness (fig. 3). Although different horizon strata have certain speed changes at different positions, the influence on the difference of the thickness change rate of the strata of adjacent measuring points is extremely small, and the difference of the thickness change rate of the adjacent points can be reflected.
(6) Checking the proofreading result data, checking the part with larger change ratio with the encrypted thickness change ratio, and determining the part of the thickness change ratio mutation point.
(7) The discrimination of the type of comparative lifting is performed according to the difference of the distribution pattern of the R value caused by different types of lifting (fig. 1). Wherein the overburden type uplifted underburden R has a wide range of abrupt increase (fig. 1b) and the denuded type uplifted underburden R has a narrow range of abrupt increase (fig. 1 c).
(8) The boundary of the paleoplastic ridge at different periods is determined (fig. 3), and the boundary part of the paleoplastic ridge (wheel platform protrusion/wheel south protrusion) often shows a sudden change of the change rate of the thickness of the stratum, and the sudden change point represents the outer boundary of the paleoplastic ridge. It is noted that the examples analyze multiple phases of stacked elevations with greater migration and variation in the location of the elevations at different phases. Although the north seismic horizons on the seismic section cannot be tracked continuously, the rate of change of the thickness of the horizons reveals that the north boundary of the paleohump is located within the garage depression. The low bulge of wheel south has strong thickness variation in the mark-mud basin system, and the ancient mound distributes and has great migration.
(9) And (4) judging the rising time according to the difference of the distribution modes of the change rates of the upper and lower layer thicknesses. The stratum thickness change rate reveals that large-scale tectonic ascension occurs before deposition of the shike system, before deposition of the carbonium system, before deposition of the triassic system and before deposition of the Jurassic system, which is consistent with the earthquake tectonic analysis and the regional tectonic study. The estimation of the protrusion rise duration can be estimated by combining the correlation data of the structure rise duration.
(10) The maximum stratum thickness (Hmax) of the depressed area is picked up, and the relative uplift amplitude (Hl) of different periods is calculated by combining the minimum stratum thickness (Hmin) obtained by the uplift area. Combining the regional denudation amount data of the horizons of Ordovician, Shixuan, Sanjian and Jurassic to correct the relative elevation.
(11) On the basis of the research on the structure uplift duration time of the Garitong stage, the Haixi stage, the Yinxi stage and the like, the relative uplift rate (Vl) is calculated by combining structure analysis. In areas where build-up duration is difficult to determine, this may be omitted.
(12) The above method and steps are applied to other seismic large sections, and the above parameters of different parts of the (ancient) bulge are obtained.
(13) Statistics and calibration of parameters (fig. 4), and comprehensive quantitative analysis and evaluation of structural elevation of (ancient) bulges.
In a work area with more data or a three-dimensional earthquake, all parameters are obtained through the implementation of the steps, and quantitative evaluation of three-dimensional structure uplift can be carried out.
Claims (5)
1. A quantitative evaluation method for sedimentary basin structure uplift is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring the thickness of the stratum at different positions along the direction of the section on the section of the cross-cutting cumulus, and calculating the thickness change rate of the stratum;
(2) judging the contrast uplift type according to the difference of the distribution mode of the thickness change rate of the stratum;
(3) the (ancient) bump boundary can be distinguished by calculating the change rate R of the thickness of the floor;
(4) judging the growth occurrence time according to the difference of the thickness change rate distribution modes of the upper and lower strata;
(5) calculating the relative uplift amplitude of the uplift according to the thickness change of the ground layer;
(6) the relative ramp rate is calculated in conjunction with the ramp time.
2. A quantitative evaluation method of sedimentary basin formation uplift according to claim 1, wherein: the change rate of the thickness of the stratum in the step (1) is the stratum thickness value (H) of a certain set of stratum at different positions and the maximum thickness value (H) of the set of stratummax) Is divided by the maximum thickness value (H) of the set of formationsmax) The ratio of (A) to (B):
in the formula, R: a change rate (%) of the thickness of the ground layer; hmax: studying the maximum formation thickness (m) over a work area or profile; hi: the formation thickness (m) at the actual measurement point, i ═ 1, 2, 3 …; where the thickness units may also be replaced by time thickness on the seismic section.
3. A quantitative evaluation method of sedimentary basin formation uplift according to claim 1, wherein: a method for quantitatively constructing parameters such as types, ranges, amplitudes, time and rates of the upheaval is provided.
4. A quantitative evaluation method of sedimentary basin formation uplift according to claim 1, wherein: the stratum thickness change rate provided by the step (1) can be obtained from a seismic profile and can also be obtained from well drilling and outcrop data.
5. A quantitative evaluation method of sedimentary basin formation uplift according to claim 1, wherein: not only is suitable for sedimentary basins, but also is suitable for the mountaineering belts with relevant data.
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