CN110617994A - Daqu sampling method and application thereof - Google Patents
Daqu sampling method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110617994A CN110617994A CN201911088376.1A CN201911088376A CN110617994A CN 110617994 A CN110617994 A CN 110617994A CN 201911088376 A CN201911088376 A CN 201911088376A CN 110617994 A CN110617994 A CN 110617994A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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Abstract
The invention provides a Daqu sampling method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a koji block for the first time from a koji room; (2) measuring the temperature and the weight of the selected koji blocks, and selecting the koji blocks for the second time according to the measured temperature and weight; (3) and opening the selected bent blocks, sampling at different positions of the same bent block by using a sampler, and/or sampling at the same position of different bent blocks, and performing index detection after mixing. The method of the invention randomly selects the yeast blocks for the first time, selects the yeast blocks for the second time after measuring the temperature and the weight, samples the selected yeast blocks at different positions of the same yeast block by using the sampler and/or samples at the same position of different yeast blocks, gives consideration to the uniformity and the sampling amount of yeast samples, and is an accurate, efficient and standard yeast sample method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid state fermentation microorganisms, and relates to a Daqu sampling method and application thereof.
Background
"there is good wine and there is good yeast" and "quding fragrant type" are the leading and cutting conclusions of the brewing practice of the brewing master in thousands of years, and are the affirmation of the effect of the yeast in brewing wine. The distiller's yeast is an important saccharifying agent, fermenting agent and aroma-producing agent in the production process of white spirit, and is a complex system integrating a system, an enzyme system and a bacterial system. The growth of microorganisms is the motive force for promoting the fermentation of the distiller's yeast, and the composition of microorganisms is the main factor for determining the flavor of the distiller's yeast and the aroma style of the distiller's yeast. The yeast for making hard liquor is an ancient yeast strain in China, wild bacteria and beneficial bacteria are skillfully combined, the wild bacteria cultured artificially and naturally provide nutrient substances for the beneficial bacteria, and the beneficial bacteria accumulate enzyme and fermentation precursor substances in the yeast for making hard liquor by growing and fermenting in the yeast for making hard liquor.
In the production process of the yeast for making hard liquor, the enzyme system composition in the raw materials is mainly controlled by controlling the production process of the yeast for making hard liquor and the types of environmental microorganisms, and the microorganisms convert the raw materials into substances which can be utilized by the microorganisms to form special flavor substances which determine the category of the yeast for making hard liquor. The Daqu can be used as a starter for brewing the white spirit, can determine the category of the white spirit, and plays an important role in the production of the white spirit. In the process of producing the yeast for making hard liquor, microorganism and various physiological and biochemical indexes are tracked and monitored, the method is an important means for monitoring the production quality of the yeast for making hard liquor, and the method plays an important role in researching the fermentation rule of the production process of the yeast for making hard liquor, evaluating the quality of the yeast for making hard liquor and improving the production process of the yeast for making hard liquor.
However, the types and the quantities of microorganisms at different positions of the Daqu yeast blocks are greatly different, the fermentation processes are also obviously different, and the overall quality of the Daqu yeast is influenced finally. In the process of producing the yeast for making hard liquor, the open solid state fermentation has huge heterogeneity, which brings huge difficulty to the sampling link in the process of analyzing the yeast for making hard liquor, and the sampling is usually needed for a plurality of times to obtain a representative yeast for making hard liquor, but the sampling method not only has huge workload, but also can damage a large amount of yeast for making hard liquor, and causes certain economic loss.
Fan Jianhui et al ("preliminary analysis of microbial change in Yangshao ultra-high temperature Daqu fermentation process", brewing, vol. 42, stage 1, 2015, 1 month) preliminary test and analysis of microbial dynamic change in Yangshao ultra-high temperature Daqu fermentation process, the adopted Daqu sampling method is to randomly select 3 Daqu blocks at different positions of a house, divide the Daqu into 2 blocks according to diagonal, take 1 of the Daqu blocks to crush and mix uniformly for later use, thus destroying the Daqu and having higher cost.
CN102559436A discloses a method for stabilizing physicochemical indexes of combined yeast, which comprises the steps of selecting, combining, crushing, storing and the like to establish the optimization problem of yeast combination, and provides a method for controlling the actual content of the combined yeast within the required range through parameter control of index component content.
Therefore, how to efficiently obtain a representative Daqu sample becomes a key step for accurately analyzing the quality of the Daqu.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and actual requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a Daqu sampling method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for sampling yeast for making hard liquor, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a koji block for the first time from a koji room;
(2) measuring the temperature and the weight of the selected koji blocks, and selecting the koji blocks for the second time according to the measured temperature and weight;
(3) and opening the selected bent blocks, sampling at different positions of the same bent block by using a sampler, and/or sampling at the same position of different bent blocks, and performing index detection after mixing.
According to the method, the yeast blocks are randomly selected for the first time, the yeast blocks are selected for the second time after the temperature and the weight are measured, the selected yeast blocks are sampled at different positions of the same yeast block by using the sampler and/or are sampled at the same position of different yeast blocks, the uniformity and the sampling amount of yeast samples are considered, and the yeast sampling method is accurate, efficient and standard.
Preferably, the first selection in step (1) is a random selection.
Preferably, the number of the koji blocks selected for the first time in the step (1) is 5-10 or 0.5-1.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber.
In the invention, when the number of the bent blocks in the bent house is less than 1000, the number of the selected bent blocks is 5-10, for example, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 blocks; when the number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber is more than 1000, the number of the selected koji blocks is 0.5-1.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber, and can be, for example, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4% or 1.5%.
Preferably, the temperature in step (2) is measured by a thermometer.
Preferably, the thermometer is placed in a position of the centre of curvature.
Preferably, the number of the koji blocks selected for the second time in the step (2) is 3-5 or 0.3-0.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber.
In the invention, when the number of the bent blocks in the bent room is less than 1000, the number of the selected bent blocks is 3-5, for example, 3, 4 or 5 bent blocks; when the number of the bent blocks in the bent house is more than 1000, the number of the selected bent blocks is 0.3-0.5% of the total number of the bent blocks in the bent house, and can be 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5% for example.
Preferably, the curved block of step (3) is open along a longitudinal midline and/or along a diagonal, preferably along a longitudinal midline.
Preferably, the sampler in the step (3) is in a T shape and comprises a sampling rod 1 and a rotating rod 2.
Preferably, the sampling rod 1 has a diameter of 2 to 3cm, such as 2cm, 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm, 2.5cm, 2.6cm, 2.7cm, 2.8cm, 2.9cm or 3cm, and a length of 10 to 20cm, such as 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm or 20 cm.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the sampling rod 1 comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle or a triangle or a combination of at least two thereof, preferably a circle.
Preferably, the sampling rod 1 is a hollow structure, and the thickness of the tube wall of the sampling rod 1 is 0.1-0.2 mm, and may be, for example, 0.1mm, 0.11mm, 0.12mm, 0.13mm, 0.14mm, 0.15mm, 0.16mm, 0.17mm, 0.18mm, 0.19mm or 0.2 mm.
Preferably, the sampler in the step (3) is made of stainless steel;
preferably, the sampler in the step (3) is vertically arranged on the cross section of the Daqu.
Preferably, the step (2) is followed by a step of selecting the piece of the koji for the third time by a koji scoring group.
The invention provides a method for sampling Daqu as a preferred technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) randomly selecting the koji blocks from the koji chamber for the first time, wherein the number of the selected koji blocks is 5-10 or 0.5-1.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber;
(2) placing a thermometer at the position of the koji core, measuring the temperature and the weight of the selected koji blocks, and selecting the koji blocks for the second time according to the measured temperature and weight, wherein the number of the selected koji blocks is 3-5 or 0.3-0.5 percent of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber;
(3) selecting the koji blocks for the third time by a koji evaluation group;
(4) and opening the selected curved blocks along the longitudinal center line, sampling at different positions of the same curved block by using a circular stainless steel sampler with the pipe wall thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm, and/or sampling at the same position of different curved blocks, and performing index detection after mixing.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a sampler for performing a yeast sample using the method of the first aspect.
The sampler is the T font, including thief rod 1 and dwang 2.
The sampling rod 1 has a diameter of 2 to 3cm, for example, 2cm, 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm, 2.5cm, 2.6cm, 2.7cm, 2.8cm, 2.9cm or 3cm, and a length of 10 to 20cm, for example, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm or 20 cm.
The cross-sectional shape of the sampling rod 1 includes any one of a circle, a rectangle or a triangle or a combination of at least two thereof, and is preferably a circle.
The sampling rod 1 is of a hollow structure, and the thickness of the tube wall of the sampling rod 1 is 0.1-0.2 mm, and can be 0.1mm, 0.11mm, 0.12mm, 0.13mm, 0.14mm, 0.15mm, 0.16mm, 0.17mm, 0.18mm, 0.19mm or 0.2mm, for example.
The sampler is stainless steel.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a yeast obtained by sampling the method according to the first aspect and/or the sampler according to the second aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides an application of the yeast for making wine as described in the third aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method can sample to obtain the representative Daqu yeast block on the premise of not damaging the Daqu yeast, obviously improves the sampling and analyzing efficiency of the Daqu yeast and reduces the cost;
(2) the method of the invention gives consideration to the uniformity and sampling quantity of Daqu sampling, and is an accurate, efficient and standard Daqu sampling method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the opening direction of a Daqu block;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sampler;
fig. 3 shows the sampling position of the sampler.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means adopted by the present invention and the effects thereof, the present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention.
The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or apparatus used are conventional products commercially available from normal sources, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Example 1
Randomly selecting 15 Daqus in a yeast room with about 1500 Daqus; inserting a thermometer into the position of the yeast core, recording the temperature of the yeast block after the temperature is stable, and then weighing the weight of the yeast by using an electronic scale to make a record; according to the temperature and the weight of the yeast blocks, 10 yeast blocks with more concentrated data are selected, the yeast blocks are opened along the longitudinal center line according to the position shown in figure 1, a yeast evaluation group is asked to evaluate the yeast blocks, 5 representative yeast blocks are further selected, and a round stainless steel sampler (the diameter of a sampling rod 1 is 2.5cm, the length of the sampling rod is 20cm, and the thickness of a pipe wall is 0.1mm) shown in figure 2 is utilized to sample at 4 different positions between the yeast skin and the yeast center shown in figure 3, so that index detection is directly carried out.
Example 2
Randomly selecting 20 Daqus in a yeast room in which about 2500 Daqus are stored, inserting a thermometer into the position of a yeast core, recording the temperature of the yeast block after the temperature is stable, and then weighing the weight of the Daqu by using an electronic scale to make a record; according to the temperature and the weight of the yeast blocks, 12 yeast blocks with concentrated data are selected, the yeast blocks are opened along a longitudinal central line, a yeast evaluation group is asked to evaluate the yeast blocks, representative 9 yeast blocks are further selected, 3 different positions between the yeast skin and the yeast center are sampled by using a rectangular stainless steel sampler (the diameter of a sampling rod 1 is 2cm, the length of the sampling rod is 15cm, and the thickness of a pipe wall is 0.15mm), then the 9 yeast blocks are randomly divided into three groups, and samples in the same position of each group are fully mixed and then serve as one sample to perform index detection.
Round stainless steel sampler (sampling rod 1 diameter of 2.5cm, length of 20cm, wall thickness of 0.1mm)
Example 3
Randomly selecting 8 Daqus in a yeast room with about 900 Daqus; inserting a thermometer into the position of the yeast core, recording the temperature of the yeast block after the temperature is stable, and then weighing the weight of the yeast by using an electronic scale to make a record; according to the temperature and the weight of the yeast blocks, 5 yeast blocks with concentrated data are selected, the yeast blocks are opened along the longitudinal center line, a yeast evaluation group is asked to evaluate the yeast blocks, representative 3 yeast blocks are further selected, and a triangular stainless steel sampler (a sampling rod 1 is 3cm in diameter, 10cm in length and 0.2mm in pipe wall thickness) is used for sampling at 5 different positions between the yeast skin and the yeast center and directly used for index detection.
Example 4
The number of first selected koji blocks was 5 compared to example 1, and other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The number of first selected koji blocks was 25 compared to example 1, and other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Example 6
In comparison with example 1, the curved block is diagonally opened, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, the method for sampling Daqu was performed under the same conditions as example 1, except that the temperature and weight were not measured.
Comparative example 2
The method for sampling Daqu was performed under the same conditions as in example 1, except that the temperature was not measured as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The method for sampling Daqu was the same as that of example 1 except that the weight was not measured as compared with example 1.
Physical and chemical property detection of Daqu
After sampling the koji in the methods of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the moisture, pH and sugar of the koji were measured and the experiment was repeated three times, and the results were expressed as the mean value ± standard deviation, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It can be seen that the moisture, pH and sugar of the koji obtained by sampling by the methods of examples 1 to 6 are in a stable state, and the data difference is small, wherein the uniformity of the koji obtained by sampling by the methods of examples 1 to 3 and 5 is the best, the accuracy of the data is affected by the method of example 4 because the number of the koji blocks selected for the first time is small, although the koji with good uniformity can be obtained by the method of example 5, the number of the koji blocks selected for the first time is large, so that the cost is obviously increased, and the method of example 6 opens the koji blocks along the diagonal line rather than the method of opening the koji blocks along the longitudinal center line.
Comparative examples 1 to 3 since the temperature and/or weight of the koji was not measured, the water, pH and sugar of the koji obtained by sampling were unstable, the data difference was large, and the data accuracy was low.
In conclusion, the method can sample to obtain the representative Daqu block on the premise of not damaging the Daqu, gives consideration to the uniformity and sampling quantity of Daqu sampling, obviously improves the sampling and analyzing efficiency of the Daqu, reduces the cost, and is an accurate, efficient and standard Daqu sampling method.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed methods for its implementation. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for sampling Daqu, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a koji block for the first time from a koji room;
(2) measuring the temperature and the weight of the selected koji blocks, and selecting the koji blocks for the second time according to the measured temperature and weight;
(3) and opening the selected bent blocks, sampling at different positions of the same bent block by using a sampler, and/or sampling at the same position of different bent blocks, and performing index detection after mixing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first selection in step (1) is a random selection;
preferably, the number of the koji blocks selected for the first time in the step (1) is 5-10 or 0.5-1.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature in step (2) is measured using a thermometer;
preferably, the thermometer is placed in a position of the centre of curvature;
preferably, the number of the koji blocks selected for the second time in the step (2) is 3-5 or 0.3-0.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber.
4. A method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the curved piece of step (3) opens along a longitudinal centre line and/or along a diagonal, preferably along a longitudinal centre line.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sampler of step (3) is T-shaped and comprises a sampling rod (1) and a rotating rod (2);
preferably, the diameter of the sampling rod (1) is 2-3 cm, and the length of the sampling rod is 10-20 cm;
preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the sampling rod (1) comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle or a triangle or a combination of at least two thereof, preferably a circle;
preferably, the sampling rod (1) is of a hollow structure, and the thickness of the pipe wall of the sampling rod (1) is 0.1-0.2 mm;
preferably, the sampler in the step (3) is made of stainless steel;
preferably, the sampler in the step (3) is vertically arranged on the cross section of the Daqu.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a step of selecting a third time for the piece of the koji by a koji scoring group after the step (2).
7. Method according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) randomly selecting the koji blocks from the koji chamber for the first time, wherein the number of the selected koji blocks is 5-10 or 0.5-1.5% of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber;
(2) placing a thermometer at the position of the koji core, measuring the temperature and the weight of the selected koji blocks, and selecting the koji blocks for the second time according to the measured temperature and weight, wherein the number of the selected koji blocks is 3-5 or 0.3-0.5 percent of the total number of the koji blocks in the koji chamber;
(3) selecting the koji blocks for the third time by a koji evaluation group;
(4) and opening the selected curved blocks along the longitudinal center line, sampling at different positions of the same curved block by using a circular stainless steel sampler with the pipe wall thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm, and/or sampling at the same position of different curved blocks, and performing index detection after mixing.
8. A sampler, characterized in that the sampler performs a Daqu sampling using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
the sampler is T-shaped and comprises a sampling rod (1) and a rotating rod (2);
the diameter of the sampling rod (1) is 2-3 cm, and the length of the sampling rod is 10-20 cm;
the cross-sectional shape of the sampling rod (1) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a circle, a rectangle or a triangle, preferably a circle;
the sampling rod (1) is of a hollow structure, and the thickness of the pipe wall of the sampling rod (1) is 0.1-0.2 mm;
the sampler is stainless steel.
9. A koji sampled by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and/or the sampler according to claim 8.
10. Use of the koji claimed in claim 9 in brewing wine.
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2019
- 2019-11-08 CN CN201911088376.1A patent/CN110617994A/en active Pending
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| CN102559436A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-07-11 | 泸州怀玉制曲有限责任公司 | Method for combining Daqu to stabilize physical and chemical indexes |
| CN103293264A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-11 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Method for distinguishing quality of yeast |
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Application publication date: 20191227 |