CN110610308A - Method for evaluating environmental technology based on benchmarking method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating an environmental technology based on a benchmarking method, and particularly relates to a method for establishing a three-dimensional index system, extracting index benchmarking values based on a technical database and an engineering case library which are established by literature research, finishing technical single-index evaluation by a normalization algorithm and a grading weighting method, determining each index weight by combining an entropy weight method and a subjective weighting method, calculating a comprehensive evaluation result of a single technology in each dimension by a weighting method, expressing the evaluation result in two forms of a single-dimensional radar map and a three-dimensional point bitmap, and objectively and comprehensively evaluating the environmental technology; the invention is a systematic and objective comprehensive technology evaluation method, which can realize dynamic evaluation of the technology and has strong operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental technology evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating an environmental technology based on a benchmarking method.
Background
After more than 30 years of development of the domestic environmental protection industry, various environmental problems are gradually identified and researched, and a large number of innovative and integrated technologies emerge in the period. Meanwhile, the environmental technology management work is gradually emphasized, a relatively perfect environmental management system is established, and a series of environmental management systems are implemented. The environmental technology evaluation is an organic component of an environmental technology management system and is an important means for effectively implementing environmental technology management work. In recent years, the most widely applied environmental technology assessment methods in China mainly include an expert evaluation method, a benefit analysis method and a numerical comprehensive evaluation method based on system analysis.
The expert evaluation method is based on subjective judgment of experts, and obtains a technical evaluation index value by quantifying expert opinions, and the most common method is a Delphi method. The Delphi method obtains the consistent opinions of experts through a circular operation mode of expert inquiry, anonymous feedback and inductive statistics. The method is simple and easy to use, has wide application range, and has strong subjectivity, while the evaluation result is easily influenced by a few expert ideas.
The benefit analysis method seeks the optimal combination of technology and economy through technology comparison, economic analysis and effect evaluation, and the common methods include a cost-benefit analysis method and a technical and economic evaluation method. The method has clear meaning and strong objectivity, but the method mainly evaluates the technical benefit from an economic perspective, is not only lack of evaluation on the social benefit and the environmental benefit of the technology, but also cannot evaluate the technical performance index which is difficult to describe by an economic concept.
With the development of decision science, some numerical comprehensive evaluation methods based on system analysis are also gradually applied to the field of environmental technology evaluation, such as an analytic hierarchy process, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a gray correlation comprehensive evaluation method, an artificial neural network and the like. Wherein, the analytic hierarchy process decomposes and converts all elements related to the technology into a multi-layer step ladder structure according to the membership. And determining the comprehensive weight of the basic indexes and the scores of the technologies based on the indexes by an expert scoring method, and further obtaining the comprehensive evaluation result of the single technology. The method is one of the most widely applied comprehensive evaluation methods at present, but the subjective dependence of the evaluation result on experts is too strong. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is based on membership degree theory of fuzzy mathematics and is used for overall evaluation of objects or objects restricted by various factors. And calculating the membership degree of each technology to the evaluation index by constructing a membership function, and establishing a fuzzy relation matrix according to the calculated membership degree. The presently proposed and applied membership function construction methods mainly include a subjective scoring method, a fuzzy statistical method, a relative selection method, a filtering function method, a binary comparison sorting method and the like. The method can process the evaluation problem containing the ambiguity factors and is suitable for the complex problem containing qualitative and quantitative factors. However, the construction of membership functions in this technique has some subjective randomness. The grey correlation degree comprehensive evaluation method takes the grey correlation coefficient between the evaluated technology and the constructed optimal technology as the value of each index, obtains the correlation degree between the evaluated technology and the constructed optimal technology through weighted synthesis of multiple indexes, and further obtains the quality order of each scheme. The method has definite geometrical and physical meanings, but the optimal technology is artificially constructed and has strong subjectivity. In addition, the method can be only used for ranking evaluation of more than 2 evaluated objects, and evaluation results are relative. The artificial neural network method has self-adaptive learning ability and objectivity of evaluation results. But this method requires a large number of training samples; and can only be employed if the training converges. Learning the sample and convergence constraints, resulting in less practical applications.
At present, the domestic environmental technology assessment method mainly depends on subjective judgment, and a systematic, objective and dynamic environmental technology comprehensive assessment method is not formed so far, so that various environmental technologies are difficult to comprehensively and objectively assess, and the popularization and application of the technology in the environmental field are seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the existing environmental technology evaluation method, the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating an environmental technology based on a benchmarking method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating environmental technology based on a benchmarking method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an evaluation model: the method comprises the steps of defining an evaluated object system, determining the purpose of technical evaluation, and establishing a technical evaluation index system covering 3 dimensions of technology, environment and economy on the basis, wherein the indexes of the technical dimensions cover 5 elements of technical reliability, technical effectiveness, technical operability, technical safety and technical popularization and application degree; indexes of environment and economic dimensionality are constructed from two aspects of positive benefit and negative benefit, and the indexes of the environment dimensionality cover 2 elements of environment benefit and secondary pollution; the economic dimension index covers 2 elements of technical cost and technical profit.
Step 2: constructing a database: firstly, tracing 25 years from an evaluation stage, dividing the evaluation into 3 categories of academic papers, patents and engineering cases by adopting a mode of combining retrieval type initial examination and manual screening, and carrying out system investigation and document screening and cleaning on an evaluated object; from three aspects of theoretical development, technical research and development and engineering application, macroscopically grasp the development characteristics of the technology, and reconciles technical parameters and implementation effect data.
Establishing a standardized file according to a three-dimensional index system constructed in an evaluation model, respectively sorting corresponding data of each index in each document, and establishing a technical database; in addition, the screening and sorting work of the engineering cases is synchronously completed, and an engineering case library of the evaluated object is established; in the whole process, a three-dimensional index system and literature investigation are built, and a technology database and an engineering case library are built in a bidirectional and dynamic adjustment process.
And step 3: and (3) technical index assignment: according to the attributes, the evaluation indexes are divided into 2 types of quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes, and different assignment methods are respectively adopted: for quantitative indexes, firstly, extracting a benchmark value of the quantitative index from a technical database, wherein the benchmark value represents the most advanced level of the index in the technology; secondly, obtaining the value of the index of the evaluated technology through a normalization algorithm; in which, according to the specific situation of the evaluated object and the index, algorithms such as linear normalization, dispersion normalization or nonlinear exponential normalization can be adopted.
In the formula: fij-the result of the j-th technique's value assignment on the i-th index;
Cij-the jth technique is at the initial value of the ith index;
Si-the benchmarking value of the ith index;
Mini-the worst value of the ith index.
For qualitative indexes, an indirect quantification method of hierarchical assignment is adopted: firstly, extracting all value sets and optimal value ranges of qualitative indexes from a technical database, establishing a grading standard of the qualitative indexes according to the value sets and the optimal value ranges, and establishing the grading standard of the qualitative indexes according to the value sets and the optimal value ranges; then, each evaluated technology determines the assignment of the index of the technology according to the grading range of the index.
And 4, step 4: determining the index weight: determining the index weight by using a method which mainly adopts an entropy weight method and assists expert consultation and case analysis; the basic idea of the entropy weight method is to determine the objective weight according to the index variability; firstly, calculating the information entropy of each index according to a calculation formula of the information entropy, wherein the formula is (4); secondly, according to the formula (5), calculating the weight of each index by taking the information entropy of each index as a basis; the determination of the index weight by the entropy weight method is a pure objective process, which can avoid the influence caused by subjective factors, but the method may have slight deviation from the conventional principle; therefore, a subjective weighting method combining expert consultation and case analysis is adopted to correct the index weight established by the entropy weight method; and a set of objective and reasonable index weight is obtained through feedback and correction between the objective weighting method and the subjective weighting method.
In the formula: fij-the result of the j-th technique's value assignment on the i-th index;
Pij-the j-th technique is the specific gravity of the i-th index;
Ej-information entropy of the ith index;
Pi-the weight value of the ith index;
n-the total number of techniques participating in the evaluation;
k is the total number of indexes in the evaluation index system.
And 5: calculation and expression of evaluation results: the evaluation result is displayed in two modes of a single-dimensional radar chart and a three-dimensional point bitmap, and the visual and visual expression of the technical evaluation result is realized by adopting a mode of combining numerical values and spatial positions; aiming at the evaluation results of each index contained in each dimension of technology, economy and environment of an evaluated object, visual expression is realized in the form of a single-dimension radar graph, namely, the single-index evaluation results in each dimension are concentrated and shown in a polygonal graph so as to express the change condition and the value taking result of each index of a certain evaluated object in different dimensions, and the short board and the advantage of the technology evaluation results can be identified.
The comprehensive scores of the evaluated object in three dimensions of technology, economy and environment are calculated by a weighting method, namely indexes in each dimension are multiplied by corresponding index weights and are summed in sequence; the final evaluation result of the evaluated object in three dimensions of technology, economy and environment is expressed in the form of a three-dimensional point bitmap, namely, the comprehensive score of the technology in the three dimensions is expressed on a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system in the form of (x, y, z) coordinate values, and the visualization of the evaluation result of the technology in each dimension is realized in the form of the relative position in a three-dimensional space. Therefore, not only can the advancement of each single technology be judged, but also the overall current situation of a certain technology can be visually judged, and the future development direction of the technology can be predicted.
According to the benchmarking method for evaluating the environmental technology, provided by the invention, the existing environmental technology can be systematically and objectively evaluated comprehensively, the technical current situation is evaluated respectively from three dimensions of technology, economy and environment, the advantages and short boards of each single technology are identified, the overall development current situation of a certain technology is judged, a foundation is laid for the integration and popularization and application of the technology, and the development trend of the technology can be predicted at the same time. The index system constructed by the invention covers 3 dimensions of technology, economy and environment, and evaluation results of each technical single index and single dimension can be obtained based on a benchmarking method. The evaluation result is expressed in two forms of a single-dimensional radar map and a three-dimensional point bitmap, and the evaluation results of a single technology and a series of technologies are presented in a visual form by combining a numerical value mode and a space position mode. The benchmarking method is based on the whole process of technical evaluation, an objective technical evaluation method is constructed, and the subjective dependence of an expert scoring method is effectively avoided in the two links of technical index assignment and index weight determination.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow of evaluation of environmental technologies based on the benchmarking method.
FIG. 2 is an index system for evaluation of environmental technologies based on the benchmarking method.
Fig. 3 is a technical index assignment method for evaluating an environmental technology based on a benchmarking method.
FIG. 4 is a single dimensional radar chart expressing the evaluation results of each index of a single technique.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional point diagram representing the results of the evaluation of the dimensions of a series of techniques.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for evaluating environmental technologies based on the benchmarking method of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1: establishing an evaluation model: defining an evaluated object system, determining the purpose of technical evaluation, and establishing a technical evaluation index system covering 3 dimensions of technology, environment and economy on the basis of the technical evaluation index system, wherein the framework of the evaluation system is shown in FIG. 2. The indexes of the technical dimension cover 5 elements of technical reliability, technical effectiveness, technical operability, technical safety and technical popularization and application degree; indexes of environment and economic dimensionality are constructed from two aspects of positive benefit and negative benefit, and the indexes of the environment dimensionality cover 2 elements of environment benefit and secondary pollution; the economic dimension index covers 2 elements of technical cost and technical profit.
Step 2: constructing a database: firstly, tracing 25 years from an evaluation stage, dividing the evaluation into 3 types of academic papers, patents and engineering cases by adopting a mode of combining retrieval type initial examination and manual screening as shown in figure 3, and carrying out system investigation and document screening and cleaning on an evaluated object; from three aspects of theoretical development, technical research and development and engineering application, macroscopically grasp the development characteristics of the technology, and reconciles technical parameters and implementation effect data.
Establishing a standardized file according to a three-dimensional index system constructed in an evaluation model, respectively sorting corresponding data of each index in each document, and establishing a technical database; in addition, the screening and sorting work of the engineering cases is synchronously completed, and an engineering case library of the evaluated object is established; in the whole process, a three-dimensional index system and literature investigation are built, and a technology database and an engineering case library are built in a bidirectional and dynamic adjustment process.
And step 3: and (3) technical index assignment: as shown in fig. 3, the evaluation indexes are divided into 2 types of quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes according to the attributes, and different assignment methods are respectively adopted: for quantitative indexes, firstly, extracting a benchmark value of the quantitative index from a technical database, wherein the benchmark value represents the most advanced level of the index in the technology; secondly, obtaining the value of the index of the evaluated technology through a normalization algorithm; in which, according to the specific situation of the evaluated object and the index, algorithms such as linear normalization, dispersion normalization or nonlinear exponential normalization can be adopted.
In the formula: fij-the result of the j-th technique's value assignment on the i-th index;
Cij-the jth technique is at the initial value of the ith index;
Si-the benchmarking value of the ith index;
Mini-the worst value of the ith index.
For qualitative indexes, an indirect quantification method of hierarchical assignment is adopted: firstly, extracting all value sets and optimal value ranges of qualitative indexes from a technical database, and establishing a grading standard of the qualitative indexes according to the value sets and the optimal value ranges; then, each evaluated technology determines the assignment of the index of the technology according to the grading range of the index;
and 4, step 4: determining the index weight: determining the index weight by using a method which mainly adopts an entropy weight method and assists expert consultation and case analysis; the basic idea of the entropy weight method is to determine the objective weight according to the index variability; firstly, calculating the information entropy of each index according to a calculation formula of the information entropy, wherein the formula is (4); secondly, according to the formula (5), calculating the weight of each index by taking the information entropy of each index as a basis; the determination of the index weight by the entropy weight method is a pure objective process, which can avoid the influence caused by subjective factors, but the method may have slight deviation from the conventional principle; therefore, a subjective weighting method combining expert consultation and case analysis is adopted to correct the index weight established by the entropy weight method; obtaining a set of objective and reasonable index weights through feedback and correction between an objective weighting method and a subjective weighting method;
in the formula: fij-the result of the j-th technique's value assignment on the i-th index;
Pij-the j-th technique is the specific gravity of the i-th index;
Ej-information entropy of the ith index;
Pi-the weight value of the ith index;
n-the total number of techniques participating in the evaluation;
k is the total number of indexes in the evaluation index system.
And 5: calculation and expression of evaluation results: the evaluation result is displayed in two modes of a single-dimensional radar chart and a three-dimensional point bitmap, and the visual and visual expression of the technical evaluation result is realized by adopting a mode of combining numerical values and spatial positions; aiming at the evaluation results of each index contained in each dimension of technology, economy and environment of an evaluated object, visual expression is realized in the form of a single-dimension radar graph, namely, the single-index evaluation results in each dimension are concentrated and shown in a polygonal graph so as to express the change condition and the value taking result of each index of a certain evaluated object in different dimensions, and the short board and the advantage of the technology evaluation results can be identified. For example, in a certain oxidation ditch technology in municipal sewage treatment, 4 indexes of COD removal rate, ammonia nitrogen removal rate, total phosphorus removal rate and sludge production rate (sludge production/sewage treatment) are evaluated in environmental dimensions, and the expression effect of a single index evaluation result on a radar chart is shown in FIG. 4.
The comprehensive scores of the evaluated object in three dimensions of technology, economy and environment are calculated by a weighting (sum) method, namely indexes in each dimension are multiplied by corresponding index weights and are summed in sequence; the final evaluation result of the evaluated object in three dimensions of technology, economy and environment is expressed in the form of a three-dimensional point bitmap, namely, the comprehensive score of the technology in the three dimensions is expressed on a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system in the form of (x, y, z) coordinate values, and the visualization of the evaluation result of the technology in each dimension is realized in the form of relative position in a three-dimensional space (as shown in FIG. 5). Therefore, not only can the advancement of each single technology be judged, but also the overall current situation of a certain technology can be visually judged, and the future development direction of the technology can be predicted.
As shown in FIG. 1, the benchmarking method constructed by the present invention covers the whole process from index system construction, technical index assignment, index weight determination to technical evaluation of evaluation result calculation and expression. The index system constructed by the marker post method covers 3 dimensions of technology, environment and economy, realizes the comprehensive assessment of the technology, and lays a foundation for the technology integration and popularization and application. The method adopts a benchmarking method to carry out comprehensive evaluation on the technology, and can effectively remove the influence of subjective factors from the whole process of the technology evaluation. Firstly, in a link of assigning technical indexes, a benchmarking method extracts a benchmarking value of a quantitative index and an index value range of a qualitative index based on a technical database and an engineering case library which are constructed by literature research, then calculates an assignment result of the quantitative index through a normalization algorithm, and determines a quantization result of the qualitative index through a hierarchical assignment method. In the whole process, the assignment result of the quantitative index is determined by an objective method, and the assignment result of the qualitative index is also restricted based on objective data researched by literature. In the step of determining the index weight, the benchmarking method determines the index weight through an entropy weight method based on the assignment result of each index, and then the index weight determined by the entropy weight method is corrected through expert consultation and case analysis. The determination of the index weight is also dominated by an objective algorithm, and subjective analysis assists correction. The benchmarking method effectively avoids subjective dependence of an expert scoring method in two links of technical index assignment and index weight determination, and evaluation results are not changed due to personal viewpoints. In addition, the method can also realize the dynamic evaluation of the technology, and on the longitudinal scale of the whole evaluation, no matter the input of documents and engineering cases in a database or the addition of a new technology to be evaluated, the updating of the existing evaluation result or the evaluation of the new technology can be realized according to a benchmarking method without repeating or increasing the working links. The evaluation result is expressed by a unit radar map and a three-dimensional point bitmap. And for the single index evaluation (assignment) result of each technology, radar chart representation is adopted, and short boards and advantages of the technology in each dimension are visually shown in a graphic mode. The evaluation results of single dimension in each dimension are calculated by a weighting method, and the evaluation results of a series of single techniques are simultaneously expressed in a Cartesian coordinate system in the mode of (x, y, z) coordinate values. Through the relative spatial position of the technology, the evaluation results of a series of single technologies are expressed in a visual mode, so that the relative advancement of the single technologies can be identified, and the overall current situation and development trend of the technology can be judged.
Claims (1)
1. A method for evaluating environmental technology based on a benchmarking method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an evaluation model: the method comprises the steps of defining an evaluated object system, determining the purpose of technical evaluation, and establishing a technical evaluation index system covering 3 dimensions of technology, environment and economy on the basis, wherein the indexes of the technical dimensions cover 5 elements of technical reliability, technical effectiveness, technical operability, technical safety and technical popularization and application degree; indexes of environment and economic dimensionality are constructed from two aspects of positive benefit and negative benefit, and the indexes of the environment dimensionality cover 2 elements of environment benefit and secondary pollution; the economic dimension index covers 2 elements of technical cost and technical income;
step 2: constructing a database: firstly, tracing 25 years from an evaluation stage, dividing the evaluation into 3 categories of academic papers, patents and engineering cases by adopting a mode of combining retrieval type initial examination and manual screening, and carrying out system investigation and document screening and cleaning on an evaluated object; macroscopically grasping the development characteristics of the technology, condensing technical parameters and implementing effect data from three aspects of theoretical development, technical research and development and engineering application;
establishing a standardized file according to a three-dimensional index system constructed in an evaluation model, respectively sorting corresponding data of each index in each document, and establishing a technical database; in addition, the screening and sorting work of the engineering cases is synchronously completed, and an engineering case library of the evaluated object is established; in the whole process, a three-dimensional index system and literature investigation are constructed, and a technology database and an engineering case library are established in a bidirectional and dynamic adjustment process;
and step 3: and (3) technical index assignment: according to the attributes, the evaluation indexes are divided into 2 types of quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes, and different assignment methods are respectively adopted: for quantitative indexes, firstly, extracting a benchmark value of the quantitative index from a technical database, wherein the benchmark value represents the most advanced level of the index in the technology; secondly, obtaining the value of the index of the evaluated technology through a normalization algorithm; wherein, according to the specific situation of the evaluated object and the index, a linear normalization algorithm, a dispersion normalization algorithm or a nonlinear exponential normalization algorithm is adopted;
in the formula: fij-the result of the j-th technique's value assignment on the i-th index;
Cij-the jth technique is at the initial value of the ith index;
Si-the benchmarking value of the ith index;
Mini-the worst value of the ith index;
for qualitative indexes, an indirect quantification method of hierarchical assignment is adopted: firstly, extracting all value sets and optimal value ranges of qualitative indexes from a technical database, and establishing a grading standard of the qualitative indexes according to the value sets and the optimal value ranges; then, each evaluated technology determines the assignment of the index of the technology according to the grading range of the index;
and 4, step 4: determining the index weight: determining the index weight by using a method which mainly adopts an entropy weight method and assists expert consultation and case analysis; the basic idea of the entropy weight method is to determine the objective weight according to the index variability; firstly, calculating the information entropy of each index according to a calculation formula of the information entropy, wherein the formula is (4); secondly, according to the formula (5), calculating the weight of each index by taking the information entropy of each index as a basis; the determination of the index weight by the entropy weight method is a pure objective process, which can avoid the influence caused by subjective factors, but the method may have slight deviation from the conventional principle; therefore, a subjective weighting method combining expert consultation and case analysis is adopted to correct the index weight established by the entropy weight method; obtaining a set of objective and reasonable index weights through feedback and correction between an objective weighting method and a subjective weighting method;
in the formula: fij-the result of the j-th technique's value assignment on the i-th index;
Pij-the j-th technique is the specific gravity of the i-th index;
Ej-information entropy of the ith index;
Pi-the weight value of the ith index;
n-the total number of techniques participating in the evaluation;
k is the total number of indexes in the evaluation index system;
and 5: calculation and expression of evaluation results: the evaluation result is displayed in two modes of a single-dimensional radar chart and a three-dimensional point bitmap, and the visual and visual expression of the technical evaluation result is realized by adopting a mode of combining numerical values and spatial positions; aiming at the evaluation results of each index contained in each dimension of technology, economy and environment of an evaluated object, visual expression is realized in the form of a single-dimension radar graph, namely, the single-index evaluation results in each dimension are concentrated and shown in a polygonal graph so as to express the change condition and value taking result of each index of a certain evaluated object in different dimensions, and the short board and the advantage of the technology evaluation results can be identified;
the comprehensive scores of the evaluated object in three dimensions of technology, economy and environment are calculated by a weighting method, namely indexes in each dimension are multiplied by corresponding index weights and are summed in sequence; expressing the final evaluation result of the evaluated object in three dimensions of technology, economy and environment by adopting a three-dimensional point bitmap mode, namely expressing the comprehensive score of the technology in the three dimensions on a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system in a (x, y, z) coordinate value mode, and realizing the visualization of the evaluation result of the technology in each dimension in a mode of relative position in a three-dimensional space; therefore, not only the advancement of each single technology can be judged, but also the whole current situation of a certain technology can be visually judged, and the future development direction of the technology can be predicted.
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| CN111565121A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-21 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating IT (information technology) support degree by personnel and technology |
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| CN111985819A (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2020-11-24 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Industrial dust explosion-related risk evaluation method |
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