CN110609384B - Device capable of controlling ink movement based on electrowetting technology and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Device capable of controlling ink movement based on electrowetting technology and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000026058 directional locomotion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 108
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device capable of controlling ink to move and a preparation method thereof based on an electrowetting technology, wherein the device comprises a conductive substrate, a hydrophobic insulating layer arranged on the conductive substrate and a pixel wall arranged on the hydrophobic insulating layer, wherein the pixel wall surrounds a pixel grid, a patterned insulating layer is partially inserted between the conductive substrate and the hydrophobic insulating layer, the patterned insulating layer is positioned in a region corresponding to the pixel grid, and the area of the patterned insulating layer positioned in the region corresponding to the pixel grid accounts for 20% -80% of the area of the pixel grid. According to the invention, the patterned insulating layer is introduced to realize the directional movement of the ink under the condition of applying voltage, and the position, shape and quantity of the patterned insulating layer can be controlled by self-design graphics, so that different patterned structure layouts can be designed for devices with different sizes and different types, and the patterned insulating layer has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrowetting, in particular to a device capable of controlling ink movement based on an electrowetting technology and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electrowetting (EW) refers to a phenomenon in which a droplet is deformed or displaced by changing the wettability of the droplet on a substrate, i.e., changing the contact angle, by changing the potential applied between liquid-solid electrodes. Devices formed based on the development of electrowetting technology, such as electrowetting display devices, electrowetting lenses, image display devices, etc. The electrowetting lens unit disclosed in chinese patent CN103809228A includes a vertical barrier standing on an upper surface of a lower transparent substrate, on which a plurality of electrodes, a dielectric layer and a hydrophobic coating layer are disposed, wherein the dielectric layer and the hydrophobic coating layer correspond to a hydrophobic insulating layer, a space surrounded by the vertical barrier is filled with a nonpolar liquid and a polar liquid, and the electrowetting lens unit is applied to a 3D image display device and a 3D image pickup device. The electrowetting display device is a reflective display device, the basic structure of which is shown in fig. 1, and the display device comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a sealant frame, wherein the upper substrate comprises an upper conductive substrate 11, the lower substrate comprises a lower conductive substrate 12, a hydrophobic insulating layer 13 and a pixel wall 14, the upper substrate and the lower substrate are sealed by the sealant frame 15 to form a sealed cavity, and two non-miscible solution non-polar color development ink 16 and a polar electrolyte solution 17 are filled in the sealed cavity. The basic display principle of the electrowetting display device is that by changing the voltage applied to the conductive upper substrate 11 and the conductive lower substrate 12, the contact angle of the polar electrolyte solution 17 on the hydrophobic insulating layer 13 is changed, the wettability of the polar electrolyte solution 17 on the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer 13 is changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the ink layer is driven to shrink, the ink is pushed to one side or corner of the pixel grid, the light transmittance of the display unit is changed, the opening of the pixel is realized, and the display effect is achieved. Referring to fig. 2, when the voltage is removed, the polar electrolyte solution restores the hydrophobicity of the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer, and the nonpolar color-developing ink is re-spread, achieving a closing process, as shown in fig. 2 (a). When no voltage is applied, the ink spreads uniformly on the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer, only the color of the ink is displayed. In theory, since the four corners of the pixel are symmetrically distributed, after the voltage is applied, the ink can move to any corner, so that the non-directional movement occurs, and the final accumulation positions of the ink are different, as shown in (b) and (c) in fig. 2, so that the consistency of the pixel switch is finally affected, and the display effect is reduced. Therefore, in order to form a uniform pixel on state, it is necessary to effectively control the movement direction of the ink to enhance the display effect of the device. In order to solve the problem that the movement of ink is uncontrolled, an existing electrowetting display can etch on a conductive film in a laser etching mode to form a notch structure, an irregular electric field formed can cause uneven stress of the ink, the notch is a patterned fan-shaped conductive film structure, edges are more saw-tooth-shaped, and a hydrophobic insulating layer is easy to break down when voltage is applied.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device capable of controlling ink movement based on an electrowetting technology and a preparation method thereof, which can realize the control of the ink movement and avoid dielectric breakdown.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a device capable of controlling ink to move based on an electrowetting technology, which comprises a conductive substrate, a hydrophobic insulating layer arranged on the conductive substrate and a pixel wall arranged on the hydrophobic insulating layer, wherein the pixel wall surrounds a pixel grid, a patterned insulating layer is partially inserted between the conductive substrate and the hydrophobic insulating layer, the patterned insulating layer is positioned in a region corresponding to the pixel grid, and the area of the patterned insulating layer positioned in the region corresponding to the pixel grid accounts for 20% -80% of the area of the pixel grid. The purpose of introducing the patterned insulating layer is to increase the asymmetry of the pixel units, so that the movement direction of the ink is changed, and when the area of the patterned insulating layer is lower than 20% or higher than 80% of the area of a single pixel grid, the asymmetry of the patterned insulating layer is reduced, so that the purpose of controlling the directional movement of the ink cannot be achieved. In addition, the patterned insulating layer has dielectric property, and can protect the electrode in the bottom conductive substrate, so that dielectric breakdown is avoided.
Preferably, the height of the patterned insulating layer is less than or equal to 400nm.
Preferably, the shape of the patterned insulating layer includes any one of a bar shape and an L shape.
Preferably, in the areas corresponding to different pixel cells, the patterned insulating layer continuously covers three corners corresponding to the pixel cells, and the three corners are located at the same corresponding positions in different pixel cells, so as to more accurately control the ink to move towards the same corner of the pixel.
Preferably, the patterned insulating layer is located in a region corresponding to each of the pixel cells.
Preferably, the patterned insulating layer has hydrophilicity. The patterned insulating layer has hydrophilicity, and is beneficial to preparing the patterned insulating layer on the hydrophobic insulating layer, so that the patterned insulating layer and the hydrophobic insulating layer have better adhesion.
Further, the material of the patterned insulating layer is a hydrophilic inorganic nano ceramic material.
Preferably, the conductive substrate is a flexible conductive substrate.
Preferably, the device is any one of an electrowetting display device, an electrowetting lens, a 3D image display apparatus, a 3D image pickup apparatus.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the device capable of controlling the movement of the ink based on the electrowetting technology, which comprises the following steps:
taking or preparing a conductive substrate;
depositing a patterned insulating layer on a partial region of the conductive substrate by adopting an ink-jet printing technology to form a conductive substrate with the patterned insulating layer;
and covering the side, with the patterned insulating layer, of the conductive substrate with the patterned insulating layer with a hydrophobic insulating material to form an integral film, and curing to form the hydrophobic insulating layer.
Compared with other modes of depositing patterned insulating layers, the mode of adopting ink-jet printing can not bring other impurities, patterning deposition can be directly realized without preparing a mask plate, the pattern precision is effectively improved, and the realization process is easier and controllable.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a device capable of controlling ink movement based on an electrowetting technology, wherein a patterned insulating layer is introduced between a conductive substrate and a hydrophobic insulating layer, so that the thickness of ink at a region corresponding to the patterned insulating layer is relatively thinner than that of ink at other regions in a pixel grid, and therefore, under the action of an electric field, an oil film formed by the ink at the region corresponding to the patterned insulating layer needs smaller force to break the film, and the ink is far away from the structure, namely, the threshold voltage of pixel driving is correspondingly reduced, and the effects of reducing driving voltage and low-voltage driving devices are realized. The invention can realize the directional movement of the ink under the condition of applying voltage by introducing the patterned insulating layer, can also play a certain role in protecting the electrode in the conductive substrate due to the dielectric property of the patterned insulating layer, and can also effectively improve the capacitance value of the device by introducing the patterned insulating layer. The position, shape and number of the patterned insulating layers in the invention can be controlled by self-design patterns, so that different patterned structure layouts can be designed for devices with different sizes and different types, and the method can be suitable for preparing flexible electrowetting devices.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrowetting display device in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an electrowetting display device;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an electrowetting display device in embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the on state of the ink in the pixel in the driving state after the patterned insulating layer is introduced in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of different area ratios of an introduced patterned insulating layer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optimized patterned insulating layer with different area ratios;
fig. 7 is a graph showing capacitance values of the patterned electrowetting device and the conventional electrowetting device as a function of applied voltage in effect example 1.
Detailed Description
The conception and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, an example of introducing a patterned insulating layer into a conventional electrowetting display device is taken as an example, and the embodiment provides an electrowetting display device, which includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate, the upper substrate includes an upper conductive substrate 31, the lower substrate includes a lower conductive substrate 32, a hydrophobic insulating layer 33 disposed on the lower conductive substrate 32, and a pixel wall 34 disposed on the hydrophobic insulating layer 33, the pixel wall 34 encloses a pixel grid, a patterned insulating layer 38 is partially inserted between the lower conductive substrate 32 and the hydrophobic insulating layer 33, in this embodiment, the patterned insulating layer 38 is directly formed above the lower conductive substrate 32 by an inkjet printing manner, and the patterned insulating layer 38 is located in a region corresponding to the pixel grid, and since the patterned insulating layer 38 has dielectric properties, the electrode in the lower conductive substrate 32 can be protected from dielectric breakdown, and preferably the patterned insulating layer 38 is located in a region corresponding to each pixel grid. The upper and lower substrates are sealed by a sealant frame 35 to form a sealed cavity, and two immiscible liquids filled in the sealed cavity are respectively a nonpolar color-developing ink 36 and a polar electrolyte liquid 37. In some more preferred embodiments, the material of the patterned insulating layer 38 has hydrophilicity, which is beneficial for the deposition of the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 over the patterned insulating layer 38, and has better adhesion, in which case if the patterned insulating layer is disposed over the hydrophobic insulating layer, the patterned insulating layer is hydrophilic, and as the printing area increases, the display effect of the device will be reduced. In addition, if the patterned insulating layer is disposed above the hydrophobic insulating layer, the patterned insulating layer cannot be directly coated in the actual preparation process, and the hydrophobic insulating layer needs to be treated, which increases the complexity of the process.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an on-state of ink in a pixel in a driving state after a patterned insulating layer is introduced, a certain height difference is formed in a region at the patterned insulating layer 38 due to the introduction of the patterned insulating layer 38 in the electrowetting device, so that the thickness of ink above the region at the patterned insulating layer 38 is relatively thinner than that of ink in other regions in the pixel, an oil film starts to break from above the patterned insulating layer 38 in a powered state and moves to a position far from the patterned insulating layer 38, so that directional movement under an applied voltage condition is realized, and a threshold voltage of pixel driving is correspondingly reduced due to the fact that the oil film at the position of the patterned insulating layer is easily broken, compared with the electrowetting device without the patterned insulating layer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of different area ratios of the introduced patterned insulating layer, the shape of the patterned insulating layer 38 takes a stripe shape as an example, when the area of the patterned insulating layer 38 in the area corresponding to the pixel grid accounts for 20% -80% of the area of the pixel grid, the asymmetry of the pixel unit can be increased, and the moving direction of the ink can be changed, and when the area of the patterned insulating layer 38 in the area corresponding to the pixel grid is lower than 20% or higher than 80% of the area of a single pixel, the asymmetry of the patterned insulating layer 38 is reduced, so that the purpose of controlling the directional movement of the ink cannot be achieved. On this basis, in order to more precisely control the ink to move towards the same corner of the pixel grid, the shape and pattern design of the patterned insulating layer can be further optimized, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the optimized patterned insulating layer with different area ratios, in the areas corresponding to different pixel grids, the patterned insulating layer continuously covers three corners corresponding to the pixel grid, the three corners fall in the same corresponding positions in different pixel grids, and the three covered corners in fig. 6 are respectively positioned at the left lower side, the right lower side and the right upper side of the pixel grid.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the electrowetting display device, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a conductive substrate: the method for preparing the conductive layer in the display device is standardized, and the conductive layer such as ITO is deposited on the carrier substrate by magnetron sputtering or the like to form an upper conductive substrate and a lower conductive substrate, and typically, the film thickness of the conductive layer is between 25 nm and 100nm, and the carrier substrate may be a rigid substrate such as glass, or may be a flexible substrate such as a polyimide substrate to form a flexible conductive substrate.
2. Preparing a patterned insulating layer: using Dimatix Fujifilm DMP-2800 TM An ink jet printer uses 10pL/1pL nozzle. The material characteristics of the patterned insulating layer should meet the viscosity and surface tension requirements required by ink-jet printing, and the material of the patterned insulating layer selected in this embodiment isThe dielectric constant is 13, and the ceramic material is mainly made of inorganic ceramic materials such as titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and the like. Other dielectric materials suitable for ink-jet printing, such as inorganic nano ceramic materials such as insulating protection silicon dioxide solution TOC-31, and the like, can also be selected. The selected material of the patterned insulating layer was loaded into an ink cartridge and left to stand for 5min to remove air. Setting inkjet printing conditions according to the selected material: firstly, setting piezoelectric waveforms and changing voltages to drive materials of a patterned insulating layer so that ink drops can vertically drop; the ink drop spacing is set to enable the ink drops to form lines and planes continuously, a corresponding patterned insulating layer is prepared on the lower conductive substrate according to a preset printing pattern process, and the film thickness of the patterned insulating layer structure can be controlled through the ink drop spacing and the number of printing layers, and the thickness of the patterned insulating layer structure is generally not more than 400nm.
3. Preparing a hydrophobic insulating layer: and coating the solution of the hydrophobic insulating layer on the patterned insulating layer by spin coating, knife coating, slot coating, silk screen printing, flexography, ink jet printing and other methods to form a whole film, and performing heat curing treatment.
4. Preparing a pixel wall structure: in order to improve the adhesion of the photoresist material on the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer, a reactive ion etching machine is used for modifying the surface of the hydrophobic layer. And then coating a layer of photoresist (such as HN-019N) on the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer by spin coating, knife coating, screen printing, ink-jet printing and other methods, and obtaining the pixel wall structure after exposure and development.
5. The sealing cavity formed by the upper substrate, the lower substrate and the sealant frame is filled with color development ink and polar electrolyte liquid which are mutually insoluble: the filling process of the ink is completed in an electrolyte solution environment, the ink is filled in the pixel grids through the adsorptivity of the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer to the ink, the pixel walls have hydrophilicity, the color developing ink can be separated to be respectively filled in each pixel grid, and the electrolyte solution is continuously covered above the color developing ink and the pixel walls.
6. And finally, performing alignment lamination on the upper substrate and the lower substrate with the sealant to finish the preparation process of the electrowetting device.
Effect example 1:
the electrowetting display device (labeled as a patterned electrowetting device) in which the area of the patterned insulating layer in the region corresponding to the pixel cell was 30% of the area of the pixel cell was prepared according to the method of example 1, the electrowetting display device without the patterned insulating layer was used as a comparative example (labeled as a conventional electrowetting device, the structure of which is compared with the patterned electrowetting device described above, and only the patterned insulating layer was absent), a voltage of 30V was applied to the patterned electrowetting device and the conventional electrowetting device, a step voltage of 2V was applied, and the change in the capacitance value of the device with the applied voltage was detected, as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, the capacitance value of both electrowetting display devices increases gradually with increasing voltage, and the capacitance decreases gradually with decreasing voltage. After adding the patterned insulating layer structure, the initial capacitance of the patterned electrowetting device increases from 13pF to 21pF, and as the voltage continues to increase, we can see that when the voltage increases to 20V, the capacitance tends to stabilize, and finally reaches a maximum of 30pF, while the maximum capacitance of the conventional electrowetting display device is 25pF. The introduction of the patterned insulating layer structure is shown to be effective in improving the capacitance of the device.
The above embodiments illustrate the concept and the technical effects produced by the electrowetting display device as an example, and other electrowetting technology-based devices having the same basic structure as the concept of the present invention can be expected to have the same technical effects.
Claims (10)
1. The device comprises a conductive substrate, a hydrophobic insulating layer arranged on the conductive substrate and a pixel wall arranged on the hydrophobic insulating layer, wherein the pixel wall surrounds a pixel grid;
the areas at the patterned insulating layer are formed with a height difference such that the thickness of the ink over the areas corresponding to the patterned insulating layer is thinner than the thickness of the ink in other areas of the pixel.
2. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned insulating layer has a height of 400nm or less.
3. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device of claim 1, wherein the shape of the patterned insulating layer comprises any of a stripe shape, an L-shape.
4. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to claim 1, wherein said patterned insulating layer continuously covers three corners of the respective pixel cells in the respective areas of the respective pixel cells, the respective positions of the three corners falling in the respective pixel cells being identical.
5. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said patterned insulating layer is located in a region corresponding to each of said pixel cells.
6. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said patterned insulating layer has a hydrophilic character.
7. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to claim 6, wherein the material of the patterned insulating layer is a hydrophilic inorganic nanoceramic material.
8. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said conductive substrate is a flexible conductive substrate.
9. The electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said device is any of an electrowetting display device, an electrowetting lens.
10. A method of manufacturing an electrowetting-based ink movement controllable device according to any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
taking a conductive substrate or preparing the conductive substrate;
depositing a patterned insulating layer on a partial region of the conductive substrate by adopting an ink-jet printing technology to form a conductive substrate with the patterned insulating layer;
and covering the side, with the patterned insulating layer, of the conductive substrate with the patterned insulating layer with a hydrophobic insulating material to form an integral film, and curing to form the hydrophobic insulating layer.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013092701A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Lg Display Co Ltd | Electrowetting display |
| CN104678547A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 华南师范大学 | Electrowetting substrate, manufacturing method thereof and electrowetting display device |
| CN105445927A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-30 | 深圳市国华光电科技有限公司 | Printing ink motion controllable electrowetting display and preparation method thereof |
| CN106932894A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-07 | 华南师范大学 | It is a kind of to control electric moistening display of ink movement and preparation method thereof |
| CN210776027U (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-06-16 | 华南师范大学 | Device capable of controlling ink movement based on electrowetting technology |
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| US10241319B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Electrowetting display pixels with fluid motion initiator |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013092701A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Lg Display Co Ltd | Electrowetting display |
| CN104678547A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 华南师范大学 | Electrowetting substrate, manufacturing method thereof and electrowetting display device |
| CN105445927A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-30 | 深圳市国华光电科技有限公司 | Printing ink motion controllable electrowetting display and preparation method thereof |
| CN106932894A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-07 | 华南师范大学 | It is a kind of to control electric moistening display of ink movement and preparation method thereof |
| CN210776027U (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-06-16 | 华南师范大学 | Device capable of controlling ink movement based on electrowetting technology |
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