CN110609215A - Flexible direct-current transmission line fault detection method and system based on transient current - Google Patents
Flexible direct-current transmission line fault detection method and system based on transient current Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The application discloses a fault detection method and system for a flexible direct current transmission line based on transient current, which continuously samples a direct current voltage amplitude; judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the direct-current voltage amplitude with the rated voltage amplitude; if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails; if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering; calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current; and judging the magnitude of the transient current signal distance and the signal distance setting value, if the transient current signal distance is greater than the signal distance setting value, judging that the flexible direct current transmission line has a fault, otherwise, judging that the flexible direct current transmission line has no fault. According to the method, firstly, the voltage variation of the flexible direct current transmission line is used as a protection starting criterion, when a fault occurs, the transient current is continuously extracted, and finally whether the flexible direct current transmission line has the fault or not can be accurately and quickly judged based on a moving average filtering algorithm and a signal distance concept.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of transmission line fault detection, in particular to a fault detection method and system for a flexible direct-current transmission line based on transient current.
Background
The converter stations at two ends of the flexible direct current transmission system utilize flexible direct current transmission and are composed of a converter, a converter transformer device, a converter reactance device and the like. High voltage direct current transmission (MMC-HVDC) systems based on modular multilevel converters have gained importance in flexible dc transmission technology due to their higher reliability and stability. In order to ensure the reliable stability of the flexible direct current transmission line, the corresponding fault detection mode becomes the key point of the current research.
At present, a fault detection mode for a flexible direct current transmission line is generally longitudinal differential protection, and the longitudinal differential protection needs to utilize data of measurement devices at two ends of the transmission line, and transmit electrical measurement data of the side to an opposite side through carriers such as a power line carrier or an optical fiber, so that a protection device at each side can simultaneously utilize data at two sides to detect a fault area. For example, the pilot current differential protection is determined by the sum of the current amounts at both ends, and if it is greater than a certain setting value, the line is determined to be a fault section.
In the above fault detection mode, the fault judgment of the pilot differential protection is that the sum of the two end quantities is greater than the setting value, and the sum is smaller when the transmission line normally operates. However, the protection performance of the power transmission line is easily affected by the distributed capacitance, and if the distributed capacitance is too large, the sum of the power transmission line and the distributed capacitance is already large when the power transmission line operates normally, so that only the setting value can be increased. Therefore, the pilot differential protection is susceptible to the influence of distributed capacitance, which causes protection data activity and lack of protection sensitivity, and the delay problem caused by data synchronization often causes insufficient protection speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a fault detection method and system for a flexible direct current transmission line based on transient current, and aims to solve the technical problems of low protection sensitivity and low protection speed in a fault detection mode of the flexible direct current transmission line in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the application discloses the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a method for detecting a fault of a flexible direct current transmission line based on a transient current, where the method includes:
continuously sampling the amplitude of the direct current voltage;
judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the DC voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude;
if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails;
if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering;
calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current;
and judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value, if so, judging that the flexible direct current transmission line has a fault, and if not, judging that the flexible direct current transmission line has no fault.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a fault of a flexible direct current transmission line based on a transient current, the starting criterion is calculated as follows:
wherein M is the number of continuously sampled data points, Udc(k) Is the amplitude of the DC voltage, UdcNFor rated voltage amplitude, Uop_setIs the setting value of the voltage starting criterion.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a fault of a transient current-based flexible direct current transmission line, U isop_set＝0.1UdcN。
Optionally, in the method for detecting a fault of a flexible dc transmission line based on a transient current, the transient current signal distance is calculated as follows:
in the formula, SD+And SD-Respectively the distance of the transient current signal of the positive/negative electrode circuit, Idc1,+And Idc2,+Respectively representing the transient currents, I, of both sides of the positive transmission linedc1,-And Idc2,-Respectively representing transient currents on two sides of the cathode power transmission line; and M is the number of sampling data points in the calculation time window.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a fault of a flexible direct current transmission line based on a transient current, the time window is 3 ms.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a fault of a flexible direct current transmission line based on a transient current, the calculation manner of determining whether the transient current signal distance is greater than the signal distance setting value is as follows:
SDx＞SDset
wherein, when x is + SD+Is the distance of the transient current signal of the positive line, when x is-SD-Is the distance of the transient current signal, SD, of the negative linesetAnd setting a signal distance value.
Optionally, in the fault detection method for the transient current-based flexible direct current transmission line,
when SD+＞SDsetWhen the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is a positive direct current line fault;
when SD-＞SDsetWhen the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is a negative direct current line fault;
when SD+＞SDsetAnd SD-＞SDsetAnd in time, the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is an interelectrode fault.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a fault of a transient current-based flexible direct current transmission line, the SDset＝0.5。
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a fault detection system for a flexible direct current transmission line based on a transient current, the system includes:
the sampling module is used for continuously sampling the amplitude of the direct-current voltage;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the direct-current voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude; if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails; if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering;
the calculating module is used for calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current;
and the second judgment module is used for judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value, if so, a flexible direct current transmission line fails, and if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
the application provides a fault detection method and a fault detection system for a flexible direct current transmission line based on transient current, wherein a direct current voltage amplitude is continuously sampled at first, and whether a starting criterion is met or not is judged by comparing the direct current voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude; and if the starting criterion is not met, the fault of the inflexible direct current transmission line in the transmission line is detected. If the starting condition is met, the transient currents on the two sides of the power transmission line are extracted by adopting moving average filtering continuously. And then calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current, and judging the magnitude of the transient current signal distance and a signal distance setting value. If the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value, a flexible direct current transmission line fault exists in the transmission line, otherwise, no flexible direct current transmission line fault exists in the transmission line. Because the voltage at the two ends of the flexible direct current transmission line suddenly changes when the area fails, the voltage variation of the flexible direct current transmission line is used as the protection starting criterion. When a fault occurs, the voltage fluctuation of the direct current voltage amplitude and the rated voltage amplitude is detected to reach the starting basis, the moving average filtering is continuously adopted to extract the transient currents on the two sides of the power transmission line, and finally whether the flexible direct current power transmission line has the fault or not can be accurately and quickly judged based on the moving average filtering algorithm and the discrete signal distance.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a fault detection method for a flexible direct-current transmission line based on transient current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a positive ground fault according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified model of positive ground fault current provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an inter-electrode short circuit fault according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an equivalent network of the transient of the inter-electrode short circuit fault according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a transient current-based fault detection method for a flexible direct current transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. With reference to fig. 1, the method for detecting the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line in the present application includes the following steps:
step S100: continuously sampling the amplitude of the direct current voltage;
step S200: judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the DC voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude;
according to fault analysis, the voltage obtained at the protection positions at two ends of the power transmission line is suddenly changed when the power transmission line breaks down in a region, therefore, the protection scheme based on the current signal distance identification adopts the voltage variation of the power transmission line as a protection starting criterion, and the calculation formula of the starting criterion is as follows:
wherein M is the number of continuously sampled data points, Udc(k) Is the amplitude of the DC voltage, UdcNFor rated voltage amplitude, Uop_setIs the setting value of the voltage starting criterion. Considering that the direct-current voltage values of various actual projects are different, in order to increase universality, the setting value of the voltage starting criterion in the application is equal to 0.1 time of rated voltage amplitude, namely Uop_set＝0.1UdcN。
Step S300: if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails;
step S400: if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering;
when the voltage fluctuation of the calculated DC voltage amplitude and the rated voltage amplitude reaches the starting basis, namelyThen, it is necessary to further determine whether a fault exists through transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line. In addition, in order to facilitate the discrimination of the subsequent fault types, the transient currents on the two sides of the positive and negative transmission lines need to be respectively extracted by utilizing moving average filtering.
Step S500: calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current;
step S600: judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value or not;
referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a positive ground fault provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a simplified model of a positive ground fault current provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which is combined with fig. 2 and fig. 3Fig. 3 shows a single-phase upper arm circuit as shown in fig. 2, taking a positive ground short-circuit fault as an example. Let the transition resistance of the anode ground short be RfShort-circuit point current is If. At this time, the direct current line is divided into two sections by taking the fault point as a boundary: the resistance and inductance of the line section near the rectifying side are set to Rp1、Lp1The line resistance and inductance near the inversion side are set to Rp2、Lp2. The boundary current of the measuring devices at the two sides of the line is I in the reference direction shown in the figuredc1、Idc2(ii) a Bridge arm inductance of MMC of converter station is L, and grounding resistance of AC side transformer substation is RsInput power P of rectification side system1Output power P of inverter side system2. After the single-pole grounding fault of the direct current line, the direct current voltage between the two poles keeps constant, so that the alternating current system on the rectifying side still transmits power to the line, and the grounding point of the direct current line fault and the grounding point of the alternating current system form a current path. As can be seen from fig. 3, the boundary currents on the dc line near the rectifying side and the inverting side are:
from the above formula, after the positive ground fault occurs in the dc line, the boundary currents on both sides are related to the fault point position, Idc1The direction of current being dependent on the DC voltage Up1And the voltage I of the fault pointfRfRelative size of (1), Idc2The direction of current flow depends on the fault point voltage IfRfWith the side DC voltage Up2Relative size of (d). And the voltage difference of the lines is smaller at the moment of the fault, so that the change trends of the boundary currents measured at the two ends of the lines are opposite after the fault, namely, after the unipolar ground fault occurs, the equivalent circuit capacitors of the rectification and inversion side systems discharge to a fault loop, the discharge currents are opposite at the two ends, and the change trends of the boundary currents at the two ends are opposite after the fault. With transition resistance RfFrom the change in the location of the fault point, when IfRf<Up2Time, boundary current Idc2Is a negative value, at the moment, the flexible direct current transmission line system consists ofAnd injecting short-circuit power into the short-circuit point by the two-end alternating current system.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of an inter-electrode short-circuit fault provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is an inter-electrode short-circuit fault transient equivalent network provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 4 and fig. 5, sub-module charging capacitors in two converter stations rapidly discharge to a short-circuit point, as shown in fig. 4. At the moment, the voltage values of the two-pole line are rapidly reduced until the capacitor of the submodule is discharged, and power transmission between the converter stations is rapidly terminated. Referring to fig. 5, before the blocking of the modular multilevel converter station, the dc capacitor in the sub-module that is put into operation before the fault is discharged to the short-circuit point rapidly through the IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), and for the sub-module that is cut off before the fault, the dc capacitor is short-circuited, the IGBT blocks, and only the short-circuit current flows through the anti-parallel diode. Therefore, all direct current capacitors in the sub-modules which are put into operation before the fault are connected in series, and the direct current voltage of the capacitors is quickly discharged through the direct current circuit, the converter station bridge arms and the N capacitors.
In the equivalent network of the transient quantity of the inter-electrode short-circuit fault shown in fig. 5, after the inter-electrode fault occurs, the transient boundary currents measured at two sides of the positive electrode direct current line are
In the formula, ZsMRepresenting the impedance of upper and lower bridge arms of a power transmission system rectifying station; zsNRepresenting the impedance of upper and lower bridge arms of an inverter station of a power transmission system; u shapeSMRepresenting the capacitor voltage of the sub-modules in the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the power transmission system rectifying station; u shapeSNAnd the voltage of capacitors of upper and lower bridge arm arms of the inverter station of the power transmission system is represented. According to the formula, when an inter-electrode short circuit fault occurs in the flexible direct current transmission system, the direct current measured by the protection close to the rectification side is increased sharply, the current value is increased after the boundary current direction close to the inversion side is changed, and the change trends of the direct current measured by the protection close to the rectification side and the current value are opposite.
According to fault analysis, when the flexible direct current transmission line has a single-pole fault and an interelectrode fault, transient current signals and voltage signals measured at two sides of the line have different characteristics. The discrete signal distance and the translation filter concept are utilized to define the direct current signal distance, and the process is as follows: let x (n), y (n) be discrete sampling functions of two physical signals, then their waveform signal distance is:
in the formula, SD is a waveform signal distance, N is 0,1,2, … N, N is the number of sampling points in the time window, and pilot protection based on transient current signal distance identification is defined, and based on the above analysis, the transient current signal distance is calculated as follows:
in the formula, SD+And SD-Respectively the distance of the transient current signal of the positive/negative electrode circuit, Idc1,+And Idc2,+Respectively representing the transient currents, I, of both sides of the positive transmission linedc1,-And Idc2,-Respectively representing transient currents on two sides of the cathode power transmission line; m is the number of sampling data points in the calculation time window, and the time window in the method is set to be 3ms as the requirement of the flexible direct current transmission line from the fault occurrence to the fault removal is within 5 ms.
The calculation mode for judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value is as follows: SDx＞SDset. Wherein, when x is + SD+Is the distance of the transient current signal of the positive line, when x is-SD-Is the distance of the transient current signal, SD, of the negative linesetAnd setting a signal distance value. Wherein, various fault types and fault resistances are comprehensively considered, and simultaneously, the protection reliability and SD are consideredsetSet to 0.5. If the transient current signal distance is greater than the signal distance setting value, executing a step S700, namely, if the flexible direct current transmission line has a fault, and if the transient current signal distance is less than the signal distance setting value, executing a step S300.
Because the voltage at the two ends of the flexible direct current transmission line suddenly changes when the area fails, the voltage variation of the flexible direct current transmission line is firstly adopted as the protection starting criterion. When a fault occurs, the voltage fluctuation of the direct current voltage amplitude and the rated voltage amplitude is detected to reach the starting basis, the moving average filtering is continuously adopted to extract the transient currents on the two sides of the power transmission line, and finally, whether the flexible direct current power transmission line has the fault or not can be accurately and quickly judged based on the moving average filtering algorithm and the discrete signal distance.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, after the fault on the power transmission line is rapidly judged, the fault type can be continuously and rapidly determined, and the accurate judgment of the single-pole fault and the interpolar fault is realized. Namely: when SD+＞SDsetWhen the fault is a positive direct-current line fault, namely only the transient current signal distance of the positive line is greater than the signal distance setting value, the fault of the flexible direct-current transmission line is a positive direct-current line fault; when SD-＞SDsetWhen the fault is a negative direct current line fault, namely only the transient current signal distance of the negative line is greater than the signal distance setting value, the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is the negative direct current line fault; when SD+＞SDsetAnd SD-＞SDsetAnd in the time, namely the transient current signal distances of the positive and negative electrode circuits are both larger than the signal distance setting value, the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is an interelectrode fault.
Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a fault detection system of the flexible direct current transmission line based on the transient current, and the system comprises:
the sampling module is used for continuously sampling the amplitude of the direct-current voltage;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the direct-current voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude; if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails; if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering;
the calculating module is used for calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current;
and the second judgment module is used for judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value, if so, a flexible direct current transmission line fails, and if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails.
Since the above embodiments are all described by referring to and combining with other embodiments, the same portions are provided between different embodiments, and the same and similar portions between the various embodiments in this specification may be referred to each other. And will not be described in detail herein.
It is noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a circuit structure, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such circuit structure, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of an element identified by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a circuit structure, article or device comprising the element.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A fault detection method for a flexible direct current transmission line based on transient current is characterized by comprising the following steps:
continuously sampling the amplitude of the direct current voltage;
judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the DC voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude;
if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails;
if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering;
calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current;
and judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value, if so, judging that the flexible direct current transmission line has a fault, and if not, judging that the flexible direct current transmission line has no fault.
2. The method for fault detection of a transient current-based flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the starting criterion is calculated as follows:
wherein M is the number of continuously sampled data points, Udc(k) Is the amplitude of the DC voltage, UdcNFor rated voltage amplitude, Uop_setIs the setting value of the voltage starting criterion.
3. The transient current-based fault detection method for the flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 2, wherein U is the number of unitsop_set＝0.1UdcN。
4. The method for fault detection of a transient current-based flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the transient current signal distance is calculated as follows:
in the formula, SD+And SD-Respectively the distance of the transient current signal of the positive/negative electrode circuit, Idc1,+And Idc2,+Respectively representing the transient currents, I, of both sides of the positive transmission linedc1,-And Idc2,-Respectively representing transient currents on two sides of the cathode power transmission line; and M is the number of sampling data points in the calculation time window.
5. The transient current-based fault detection method for the flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 4, wherein the time window is 3 ms.
6. The fault detection method for the transient current-based flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 4, wherein the calculation manner for judging whether the transient current signal distance is greater than the signal distance setting value is as follows:
SDx＞SDset
wherein, when x is + S+Is the distance of the transient current signal of the positive line, when x is-S-Is the distance of the transient current signal, SD, of the negative linesetAnd setting a signal distance value.
7. The transient current-based fault detection method for a flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 6,
when S is+＞SDsetWhen the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is a positive direct current line fault;
when S is-＞SDsetWhen the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is a negative direct current line fault;
when S is+＞SDsetAnd S is_＞SDsetAnd in time, the fault of the flexible direct current transmission line is an interelectrode fault.
8. The transient current-based fault detection method for the flexible direct current transmission line according to claim 6, wherein the fault detection method is characterized in thatIs characterized by SDset＝0.5。
9. A flexible direct current transmission line fault detection system based on transient current is characterized in that the system comprises:
the sampling module is used for continuously sampling the amplitude of the direct-current voltage;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the starting criterion is met or not by comparing the direct-current voltage amplitude with a rated voltage amplitude; if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails; if so, extracting transient currents on two sides of the power transmission line by adopting moving average filtering;
the calculating module is used for calculating the transient current signal distance of the power transmission line according to the transient current;
and the second judgment module is used for judging whether the transient current signal distance is larger than the signal distance setting value, if so, a flexible direct current transmission line fails, and if not, no flexible direct current transmission line fails.
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| CN111289843A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-16 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | MMC-MTDC system direct-current line interelectrode fault distance measurement method |
| CN111999595A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-27 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | MMC-HVDC power transmission line fault judgment method |
| CN113033077A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Direct-current transmission line fault distance measurement method based on neural network algorithm |
| CN114512966A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-17 | 山东大学 | Pilot protection method and system for direct-current power distribution network based on S-transform frequency domain impedance |
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| CN114512966A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-17 | 山东大学 | Pilot protection method and system for direct-current power distribution network based on S-transform frequency domain impedance |
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