CN110608040A - Complex phosphate ore mining method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000201977 Agdestis clematidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000668854 Howardia biclavis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052585 phosphate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method of a complex ore body. The method comprises a mining process of a five-step method and a quality control of a four-step method; the mining process 'quintet' comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: grading; step two: separate mining; step three: separate transportation; step four: step five: dividing for use; the quality control four-step method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: in the grading link, carrying out geological groove sampling; step two: in the sub-mining link, drilling sampling is carried out; step three: in the distribution link, vehicle plate sampling is carried out; step four: and in the piling dividing link, carrying out comprehensive sampling of a goods yard. The invention is suitable for mining the phosphorite mountain with complex ore types, can realize the grading of the phosphorite, respectively mine various types and grades of phosphorite, can be directly provided for manufacturers with different requirements, realizes the comprehensive and efficient utilization of ore resources, and maximizes the value of the ore.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a complex phosphate ore mining method.
Background
Phosphate rock is a generic term for phosphate minerals that can be economically utilized, and is an important raw material for chemical minerals. Chinese phosphate rock has three types: magma type apatite, sedimentary rock type phosphorite, sedimentary metamorphic rock type apatite. The storage capacity of sedimentary rock type phosphorite ore accounts for 70% of the total storage capacity of China, and is mainly distributed in the middle and south. Phosphate rock in Guizhou province is mainly sedimentary rock type phosphorite.
The land structure position of the big dipper mountain phosphorite of the great province's urn an big letter is located the combined part of the Yangzi ground platform and the south China wrinkle belt. The mine belongs to a structure for denudating the landform of middle and low mountains, and the general terrain is east, high and west low. The mine is located at the south inclined leaning end of the white rock back, the white rock back is inclined shuttle-shaped leaning fold which is west, slow, east and steep, the white rock back penetrates through a mining area from south to north, the shape of the white rock back is S-shaped, the axial north east is 20-30 degrees, the axial surface inclines north and west, and the dip angle is 55-65 degrees. The dip angle of each wing stratum of the ore body is relatively slow and has large steep change. The fracture structure of the mining area is not developed, the fracture structure mainly comprises three groups of north-west direction, north-east direction and near-south-north direction, and the fault with larger influence comprises three F19 reverse faults, F68 reverse faults and F70 reverse faults. Therefore, the mine structure is complicated. The ore body is produced in earthquake and is in a traditional Tuo group of hills, and the Tuo group of hills is a set of phosphate rock group consisting of phosphorite, silicalite and dolomite. The total variation trend of the whole group is longitudinally thick in the south and thin in the north, and transversely thick in the east and thin in the west. The lithology of the phosphorus-containing rock group from bottom to top can be divided into: first stage (Z)1d1) Second section (Z)1d2) And a third stage (Z)1d3) And a fourth stage (Z)1d4). The phosphorus-containing rock group mainly comprises two layers of phosphorite of an ore layer a and an ore layer b, dolomite containing phosphorus or silicon, carbonaceous mudstone and fine sandstone. Wherein the a ore layer is assigned to the second section (Z) of the steep hill mass group1d2) Produced in layers with overlying b-seam with a stabilizing interlayer (Z)1d3) At intervals, the ore is sheet sand argillaceous phosphorite, and the top and the bottom of the ore both contain a small amount of gravels. b ore layer occurrence fourth section of hillock group (Z)1d4) Produced in layers with a stable interlayer (Z) to the underlying a-ore layer1d3) At intervals, the ores are black, gray black compact phosphorite, argillaceous phosphorite and sand-crumbly dolomite phosphorite. The ore structure mainly comprises an inner crumb structure, a gel structure and a pseudo oolitic shape, and the ore structure also comprises a strip-shaped structure, a lump-shaped structure and the like.
Due to the influences of factors such as regional deposition environment, geological structure and the like, the ore of the mine has the conditions of complex structure and various types, and the type of phosphorite is called as complex phosphorite. The current mining methods for such ores are uniform mining, i.e. mining with the mined ores mixed together without dividing into ore types or with ores divided into a-layer ores and b-layer ores. This results in the phosphate ore being difficult to grade at the yard and being sold only at a typical price, thereby presenting a problem of reducing the value of different types of ore of different grades.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a complex phosphate rock mining method. The invention is suitable for mining the phosphorite mountain with complex ore types, can realize the grading of the phosphorite, respectively mine various types and grades of phosphorite, can be directly provided for manufacturers with different requirements, realizes the comprehensive and efficient utilization of ore resources, and maximizes the value of the ore.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a mining method of complex phosphate ores comprises a five-division method and a four-step method for quality control in a mining process;
the mining process 'quintet' comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grading, namely performing geological logging, grooving sampling and visual calibration on the complex ore body to perform grading management;
step two: separate mining, namely respectively mining different types of ores according to ore grades according to the grading visual calibration result of the ores;
step three: distributing, namely issuing a scheduling instruction according to the ore separate mining result, and separately transporting different types of ores;
step four: stacking, namely designing a goods yard partitioned stacking scheme in advance, and stacking the ores transported to a specified area separately according to a scheduling instruction;
step five: the use is divided, the use and the value of different types of ores are combined, and the piled different types of ores are respectively used, so that the value maximization is achieved;
the quality control four-step method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the grading link, carrying out geological grooving sampling and analyzing to obtain a sample;
step two: in the step of separate sampling, drilling sampling is carried out, and a sample is obtained through analysis;
step three: in the branch transportation link, sampling by a vehicle plate and analyzing to obtain a sample;
step four: in the piling link, comprehensive sampling in a goods yard is implemented and the samples are obtained through analysis.
Preferably, in the first step of the mining process, the quality and the purpose of the ore are graded according to the geological structure, the cause, the structure, the type, the composition and the color of the ore body; the visual calibration is to calibrate the sand argillaceous phosphorite which is black and gray black sheet in the layer a ore to be a1Layer ore, a1P in the layer mine2O5The grade is 15-24.5%; the dark black, yellow brown sheet-like sandy argillaceous phosphorite is marked as a2Carrying out layer mining; a is2P in the layer mine2O5The grade is 23.5-30.64%; marking the visually black, gray black and compact phosphorite and argillaceous phosphorite in the layer b ore as b1Layer ore, b1P in the layer mine2O5The grade is 25.6-34.5%; grey, grey-white and grey-black striped siliceous, dolomitic phosphorite is designated b2-4Layer ore, b2-4P in the layer mine2O5The grade is 16.5-34.5%. The geological record refers to a method and process for correctly recording or systematically representing directly observed geological phenomena or geological data obtained by other means (drilling, geophysical prospecting, testing, and the like) in the form of characters, diagrams and the like.
Preferably, in the first step of the mining process, geological notch sampling analysis is applied during classification, the geological notch sampling is performed on a drift-through roadway perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, the sampling is performed according to 2 m/sample, and notches of the geological notch sample are 5cm in width and 3cm in thickness.
Preferably, in the second step of the mining process of the fifth method, the mining is carried out according to five links of monomer design, construction bottom-crossing, construction according to a drawing, drilling acceptance inspection and blasting implementation on different types of ores; the single body design is to compile a stoping scheme and a drawing of a chamber for each chamber respectively, wherein the scheme comprises the requirements on the row spacing, the hole depth, the hole spacing, the hole angle and the charge coefficient of blast holes; the construction bottom crossing is carried out according to a stoping scheme and a drawing, and accurate setting-out is carried out on the drilled hole; the construction according to the diagram comprises the steps of implementing accurate hole distribution according to an accurate pay-off result; the drilling acceptance inspection is to perform hole-by-hole acceptance inspection on the finished drilling, calculate the blasting explosive quantity and the electronic detonator quantity and draw a detonation sequence drawing; and the blasting implementation comprises the steps of filling and stuffing according to the calculated blasting explosive quantity, connecting according to a blasting sequence drawing and implementing the differential blasting.
Preferably, in the second step of the mining process of the fifth method, the mining quality control is performed by using drilling sampling analysis, and the drilling sampling is performed by uniformly mixing the rock drilling chips hole by hole and by single row/sample.
Preferably, in the second step of the mining process of the fifth method, the sub-transportation process is performed according to three links of issuing a scheduling instruction, performing in an office and performing sub-shovel sub-packaging and sub-transportation.
Preferably, in the step three of the mining process of "five-point method", the quality control of the separate transportation process is performed by using a vehicle plate sampling analysis, and the vehicle plate sampling is performed by 5 vehicles/shovels according to different types of ores.
Preferably, in the fourth step of the mining process, the piling process is carried out according to a goods yard partition scheme, a discrete piling identification label and three links of respective piling according to a scheduling instruction.
Preferably, in the fourth step of the mining process, the mining process is divided into five steps, the quality of the piled ores is controlled, the comprehensive sampling analysis of a goods yard is applied, the comprehensive sampling of the goods yard is performed according to the distribution of points of 3m by 3m, and the grid method sampling is performed.
Preferably, the analysis-acquired sample is a component of the analysis-acquired sample, and the grade of the sample is graded. Sampling and analyzing geological grooves, and grasping spatial distribution, reserve volume and mass distribution of each grade of ore in the pit; sampling and analyzing the drill holes, knowing the grade of ore mined in one time, verifying the spatial distribution, the reserve capacity and the quality of each grade of ore in the underground and geological notch samples, and updating the grade distribution of the ore if the difference exists; sampling and analyzing the turning plate, rechecking the grade of the ore which is mined once, further verifying the difference with the drilling sample, and simultaneously taking the turning plate sample and the drilling sample as the reference basis of the dilution rate of the ore and the basis of ensuring the grade of the separated piles; the comprehensive sampling analysis of the goods yard is combined with the analysis of geological grooving sampling, drilling sampling and turning plate sampling to determine the ore grade of the goods yard and accurately master the ore quality.
After the method disclosed by the invention is used for the beidou mountain phosphate ore with the Van Ann Daxin in the embodiment 1, the profit is greatly increased in 2018, and the specific contents are shown in the following table:
profit increase statistical table implemented by ' quintet ' mining on beidou mountain phosphorite of Van ' an Daxin in 2018
From the above table, it can be seen that the selling unit price of the ores of different types and grades is far beyond the unit price in the same period for the distribution after the ores are separately mined, and the income of enterprises can be greatly increased. The method of the invention is utilized to increase the profit by more than 700 ten thousand yuan for the big letter beidou mountain phosphorite of urn ann in 2018. In addition, a provided by customers for the big letter beidou mountain phosphate ore of Van' an2Layer ore and b1The satisfaction degree of the layer ore reaches 100 percent, which reflects that the method has very good implementation effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention combines the requirements of phosphorus and phosphorus chemical industry based on the research on factors such as environment, structure, ore characteristics and the like of complex phosphate ores. Divides the layer a ore of the complex phosphorite into a1Layer ore and a2Layer ore, divide layer b ore into layer b1Layer ore and b2-4And (4) carrying out layer mining. By applying the mining process of grading, separate mining, separate transportation, separate stacking and separate use, namely a five-part method, the phosphorite of various types and grades can be respectively mined, the difficult problem of complex mining of ore types of ore bodies is successfully solved, and the ore resources can be comprehensively and efficiently utilized.
2. According to the invention, the a-layer ore and the b-layer ore of the complex phosphorite are measured by the existing geological recording method, then sampling is carried out through geological grooving, and according to a visual calibration method, the sand argillaceous phosphorite which is visually black and gray black sheet-shaped in the a-layer ore is calibrated into a according to the sampling color1The layer ore, the dark black, the yellow brown sheet-like sand argillaceous phosphorite is marked as a2Carrying out layer mining; marking the visually black, gray black and compact phosphorite and argillaceous phosphorite in the layer b ore as b1Stratigraphic, grey-white and grey-black striped siliceous, dolomitic phosphorite is designated b2-4And (4) carrying out layer mining. The grading of the mineral grade can be realized, and the grading method is very simple.
3. The invention grades the complex phosphorite not only based on the physical color and structural property, but also based on the chemical property. Wherein a is1P in the layer mine2O5Grade of 15-24.5%, low content of magnesium oxide, silicon and double oxide (AL)2O3、Fe2O3) The impurities are high; a is2P in the layer mine2O5The grade is 23.5-30.64%; silicon and associated oxide (AL)2O3、Fe2O3) The content is higher; b1P in the layer mine2O5Grade of 25.6-34.5%, carbon and double oxide (AL)2O3、Fe2O3) The content is higher; b2-4P in the layer mine2O5The grade is 16.5-34.5%, and the content of magnesium oxide is high. Also based on the use of layers of ore, where a1The layered ore can be used for producing phosphoric acid after being subjected to mineral separation and quality improvement to manufacture a low-end phosphate fertilizer; a is2The layered ore can be directly used for producing yellow phosphorus after being coarsely crushed into particles; b1The layered ore can be used for low-grade ore proportioning and can also be usedProducing low-end phosphate fertilizer during the production of phosphoric acid; b2-4The layered ore can be used for producing high-quality food grade, electronic grade phosphoric acid and high-end phosphate fertilizer after mineral separation. Therefore, the invention has reasonable and scientific division of the phosphate deposit.
4. By adopting the method for separately mining the phosphorite, various types and grades of the phosphorite can be directly used, namely enterprises can price the types and grades of the ores separately without selling the ores uniformly, different ores are provided for manufacturers with different requirements, and the value of the ores is improved.
5. The method of the invention provides a four-step method for implementing ore quality control, which comprises geological notch sampling, drilling sampling, turning plate sampling and goods yard comprehensive sampling. Through analysis of geological groove sampling, the spatial distribution, the reserve volume and the mass distribution of various grades of ores in the pit can be comprehensively mastered; the drill hole sampling is analyzed, so that the effect of finding the grade of the ore mined at a single time can be effectively achieved, and the difference between the underground space distribution, the underground storage capacity and the underground space quality of each grade of ore and the geological notch sample can be further verified; the analysis of the car plate samples can play a role in rechecking the grade of the ore which is mined in a single time, further verify the difference with the drilling sample, and simultaneously can use the car plate samples and the drilling sample as the reference basis of the dilution rate of the ore and also as the basis for ensuring the grade of the separated piles; and the field comprehensive sampling is to distribute points according to the mesh of 3m by 3m, implement grid method sampling and further know the quality of the piled ore. Meanwhile, data of drilling sampling, vehicle plate sampling and goods yard comprehensive sampling are analyzed, accurate mastering is achieved, the data serve as reference basis of ore distribution sale price, and optimization of quality and value maximization of high-grade and low-grade ores can be achieved.
6. The invention is very suitable for the exploitation of complex sedimentary phosphate rock, and the ore is divided into a1、a2、b1And b2-4The four types of Van Anda Xin BeiDou phosphorite which is produced 50 ten thousand t per year by practice are mined by the method, and 2018 realizes the income increasing profit of more than 700 ten thousand, which shows that the method has very high economic effect. The method can be popularized and implemented for other phosphorite mountain occurrence ore bodies similar to the Van' an Daxin BeiDou phosphorite so as to realize the highest ore valueThe method has the advantages of large scale, and high comprehensive and efficient utilization of mineral resources, and thus, the method also has a very high market prospect.
In summary, the following steps: the invention provides a five-step method and a four-step method for quality control in a mining process, and the method divides the complex sedimentary phosphate ore into a1、a2、b1And b2-4The method has the advantages of reasonable classification, suitability for complex phosphate ores, capability of mining various types and grades of phosphate ores respectively, direct supply to manufacturers with different requirements, comprehensive and efficient utilization of ore resources, maximization of ore value, high economic benefit and good market prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a mining process flow diagram of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The structure or process not specifically mentioned is the prior art in this field.
Example 1. A mining method of complex ore body is implemented on the Van' an Daxin BeiDou mountain phosphate rock. The Beidou mountain phosphate ore of Van ' an Daxin is located in the Beidou mountain of Yanzhu Zhenhua community rock root river village in Van ' an county, belongs to a full resource control stock company under the flag of Van ' Fu (group) Limited liability company, and has a mining area of 0.083km2The resource reserve is 1294.57 kilotons, the average grade of the ore is 25.52 percent, the mining mode is underground mining, the mining scale is 50 kilotons/a, the exploitation mode is open-cast tunnel-slope way exploitation, and the mining method is an upward layered filling mining method.
The mining process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and (4) grading, wherein the mine adopts a mode of combining the obstetrics and the researches, and applies a geological team expert team of the geological mineral exploration and development bureau 104 of Guizhou province to research and analyze the underground geological structure, the mineral cause, the structure, the type, the components, the color and the like of the mine. Totally recording 2600 meters of laneway, grooving and sampling 630 more groups, analyzing 1920 more samples, comprehensively mastering the occurrence change rule of ore, and combining phosphorus and phosphorus industry terminal products to ore sourcesMaterial requirement, accurately dividing the underground ore into a1、a2、b1And b2-4And fourthly, carrying out visual calibration to realize classification.
The specific classification results are as follows
1、a1Layered ore produced like layer, black and gray black sheet sand argillaceous phosphorite, sheet, stripe and layered texture structure, plastic fine sand chip structure with average thickness of 9.83m and grade (P)2O5) 15-24.5%, average grade 21.23%, low content of magnesium oxide, silicon and double oxide (AL)2O3、Fe2O3) The impurities are high. The grade ore needs to be used after mineral separation and quality improvement, and is mainly used for producing phosphoric acid and manufacturing low-end phosphate fertilizer.
2、a2Layered ore, produced in a layered manner, is dark black and yellow brown sheet-shaped sand argillaceous phosphorite, has a sheet-shaped and stripe-shaped structure and a plastic fine sand chip structure, and has the average thickness of 8.34m and the grade (P)2O5) 23.5-30.64%, average grade 25.91%, silicon and double oxide (AL)2O3、Fe2O3) The content is higher. The grade ore is mainly used for producing yellow phosphorus after being coarsely crushed into particles.
3、b1The layered ore is produced like a layer, and the black and gray black compact phosphorite and argillaceous phosphorite are in compact and clastic structures, the average thickness is 6.09m, and the grade (P) is2O5) 25.6-34.5%, average grade 27.94%, carbon and double oxide (AL)2O3、Fe2O3) The content is higher. The grade ore is generally used for low-grade ore proportioning and is mainly used for producing phosphoric acid and manufacturing low-end phosphate fertilizer.
4、b2-4Layered ore with layered yield, gray black, siliceous and dolomite phosphorite, strip-shaped, lump, chip and pseudooolitic structure, average thickness of 10.65m, and grade (P)2O5) 16.5-34.5%, average grade 23.45%, and high content of magnesium oxide. The grade ore is mainly used for producing high-quality food grade, electronic grade phosphoric acid and high-end phosphate fertilizer after mineral separation.
Step two: and (3) performing separate mining, namely adjusting a mining and filling technical plan in time according to ore grading results, refining a design scheme of separate mining of a single chamber, gradually optimizing blast hole mesh parameters, reducing blast hole deflection rate, ore block rate and waste rock mixing rate, and greatly improving the ore recovery rate. In the process of separate mining, the separate mining is realized according to five links of monomer design, construction bottom-crossing, construction according to a graph, drilling acceptance inspection and blasting implementation.
The specific separate mining process is as follows:
1. to a1、a2、b1And b2-4Grading results, and compiling a single stoping design scheme to refine the row spacing, the hole depth, the hole spacing, the hole angle and the charge coefficient;
2. construction and bottom intersection are carried out according to the thinning scheme and the drawing, and accurate setting-out is carried out on the drilled hole by means of a measuring instrument and the like;
3. monitoring the paying-off result of a drilling construction worker to implement accurate hole distribution;
4. checking and accepting the implemented drill holes one by one, calculating the blasting explosive quantity and the electronic detonator quantity, and drawing a drawing of the detonation sequence;
5. filling and stuffing according to the design of the charge amount, connecting according to a drawing of the initiation sequence, carrying out differential blasting, and carrying out a1、a2、b1And b2-4And (4) performing separate mining to reduce waste rocks and mutual mixing.
Step three: and (2) distribution transportation, namely timely formulating and issuing a value scheduling information management method according to ore distribution, improving the accurate guidance of a daily production ore-blending plan, defining task instructions such as daily shoveling, transportation and the like, and realizing the implementation in a meeting before a shift, so that underground shoveling and transporting links are simple, clear and free from errors, and the ore distribution transportation is realized.
Step four: and (4) stacking, namely matching a large letter goods yard and a south-ocean goods yard stacking scheme according to the ore distribution quantity and quality, performing classified stacking management on the goods yards according to grades, erecting a stacking signboard above the goods yard, and performing regional stacking operation according to task instructions to realize ore stacking.
Step five: and (4) dividing, namely respectively selling each grade of ore according to the price and the application of the ore according to the result of the stacking, so that the purpose division and the maximum ore value are realized.
In addition, in the implementation production process, in order to realize the optimization of ore quality, a quality control four-step method is carried out in the mining process, namely ore geological notch sample, drilling sample, vehicle plate sample and goods yard comprehensive sample. The specific sampling analysis means and functions are as follows:
(1) geological notch sampling
As a first step of quality control of produced ores, a geological grooving sample is grooved by adopting width and thickness (10cm and 5cm), a drift tunnel perpendicular to the trend of an ore body is sampled and analyzed in a 2 m/sample mode, and the underground spatial distribution, the reserve and the quality distribution of each grade of ores are comprehensively mastered.
(2) Borehole sampling
As the second step of quality control of produced ores, a drilling sample is used for sampling and analyzing blast hole rock drilling scraps in a hole-by-hole single-row/sample mode according to stope stoping design, the effect of finding out the grade of single stoped ores is effectively achieved, and the difference between the underground space distribution, the underground space storage capacity and the underground space quality of each grade of ores and geological groove samples is further verified.
(3) Sweep sampling
As the third step of production ore quality control, the plate sample is used for sampling and analyzing the underground separately-mined ore at a wellhead according to 5 cars/shovels, the effect of rechecking the grade of the ore at a single stoping is achieved, the difference between the sample and the drilling sample is further verified, and meanwhile, the plate sample and the drilling sample can be used as reference basis for ore dilution rate and also as basis for guaranteeing the grade of the separately-piled ore.
(4) Comprehensive sampling of goods yard
The comprehensive sample of the goods yard is used for sampling the goods yard according to a grid method, comprehensively analyzing the values of the ore samples analyzed by the first three steps and serving as a reference basis of the selling price of the ore, thereby realizing the optimization of the quality of the high-grade ore and the low-grade ore and maximizing the value.
Claims (10)
1. A complex phosphate rock mining method is characterized in that: the method comprises a mining process of a five-step method and a quality control of a four-step method; the mining process 'quintet' comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grading, namely performing geological recording, notch sampling and visual calibration on the complex ore body to realize grading management;
step two: separate mining, namely respectively mining according to ore classification visual calibration results and ore types;
step three: distributing, namely issuing a scheduling instruction according to the ore separate mining result, and separately transporting according to the ore type;
step four: stacking, namely designing a cargo yard partition stacking scheme, and separately transporting various types of ores to a specified area for stacking according to a scheduling instruction;
step five: dividing, namely, combining the use and the value of each ore type, and respectively using the piled ore types;
the quality control four-step method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the grading link, carrying out geological grooving sampling and analyzing to obtain a sample;
step two: in the separate mining link, drilling sampling is carried out, and a sample is obtained through analysis;
step three: in the branch transportation link, sampling by a vehicle plate and analyzing to obtain a sample;
step four: and in the piling link, comprehensively sampling in a goods yard and analyzing to obtain a sample.
2. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the notch groove sampling and visual calibration steps are that the notch groove sampling sample is analyzed, and then the visual calibration is combined to analyze the P in the layer a ore2O5The grade is 15-24.5%, the visual observation shows that the black and gray black thin plate-shaped sand argillaceous phosphorite has the mark of a thin plate-shaped, stripe-shaped and layer-stripe-shaped structure1Carrying out layer mining; the ore of layer a is divided into P2O523.5-30.64% grade, visually dark black, yellow brown sheet-shaped sand argillaceous phosphorite, and sheet-shaped and stripe-shaped structureIs given by a2Carrying out layer mining; the ore of the layer b is processed by P2O5The grade is 25.6-34.5%, visually black, grayish black compact phosphorite and argillaceous phosphorite are marked as b1Carrying out layer mining; the ore of the layer b is processed by P2O5The grade is 16.5-34.5%, the visually gray, grey and grey-black strip siliceous and dolomite phosphorite is marked as strip-shaped, lump-shaped, chip-shaped and pseudo oolitic structure b2-4And (4) carrying out layer mining.
3. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the notch groove sampling is carried out on a drift tunnel vertical to the trend of an ore body, the sampling is carried out according to 2 m/sample, and the notch groove of the notch groove sample is 5cm in width and 3cm in thickness.
4. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step of the mining process, the mining process is divided into five steps, wherein the divided mining is to respectively carry out monomer design, construction bottom crossing, construction according to a drawing, drilling acceptance inspection and blasting implementation on various types of ores; the single body design is to compile a stoping scheme and a drawing of a chamber for each chamber respectively, wherein the scheme comprises the requirements on the row spacing, the hole depth, the hole spacing, the hole angle and the charge coefficient of blast holes; the construction bottom crossing is carried out according to a stoping scheme and a drawing, and accurate setting-out is carried out on the drilled hole; the construction according to the diagram comprises the steps of implementing accurate hole distribution according to an accurate pay-off result; the drilling acceptance inspection is to perform hole-by-hole acceptance inspection on the finished drilling, calculate the blasting explosive quantity and the electronic detonator quantity and draw a detonation sequence drawing; and the blasting implementation comprises the steps of filling and stuffing according to the calculated blasting explosive quantity, connecting according to a blasting sequence drawing and implementing the differential blasting.
5. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the drilling sampling is carried out in a mode of uniformly mixing blast hole drilling debris and then carrying out hole-by-hole single-row/sample sampling according to a stoping scheme of a chamber.
6. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sub-transportation is carried out according to the ore sub-mining result, the issued scheduling command, the implementation in the meeting in front of a shift and the implementation of sub-shovel sub-transportation.
7. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process of de-stacking further comprises establishing a de-stacking identification tag.
8. The complex phosphate ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sweep sampling is according to each type of ore, according to 5 cars/shovel and take a sample.
9. The method of mining complex phosphorus ore bodies of claim 1, wherein: and comprehensively sampling the goods yard according to the grid distribution of 3m by 3m and sampling according to a grid method.
10. The method of mining complex phosphorus ore bodies of claim 1, wherein: the analysis-acquired sample is a component of the analysis-acquired sample.
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