CN110605462A - Rapid near-net forming method of TiAl alloy component - Google Patents
Rapid near-net forming method of TiAl alloy component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110605462A CN110605462A CN201910848831.7A CN201910848831A CN110605462A CN 110605462 A CN110605462 A CN 110605462A CN 201910848831 A CN201910848831 A CN 201910848831A CN 110605462 A CN110605462 A CN 110605462A
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- tial alloy
- alloy component
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- net forming
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method adopts a consumable electrode gas shielded welding additive manufacturing mode for forming, and specifically comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a pure titanium plate as a substrate for additive manufacturing; 2) the titanium wire and the aluminum wire are respectively fed into corresponding consumable electrode gas shielded welding torches through respective wire feeding devices, and discharge is generated under the action of the welding torches to form a molten pool; 3) depositing a first layer of melt on a titanium substrate; 4) depositing a second layer of melt on the first layer of melt after the first layer of melt is deposited; 5) repeating the steps for multiple times until the TiAl alloy component with the required size is deposited. The TiAl alloy component has the characteristics of gamma-TiAl structure and excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal alloy hot forming, and particularly relates to a rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component.
Background
With the development of additive manufacturing technology towards high efficiency and low cost, the arc fuse additive manufacturing technology is more and more favored by researchers and industries due to the characteristics of high forming efficiency, short manufacturing period, low production cost of small-batch parts and the like, and many research institutions and researchers are added into research ranks to try to take precedence in the field of additive manufacturing.
As an intermetallic compound, TiAl alloys have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their heat resistance, low density, excellent mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, and are considered to be very competitive in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry and the like. However, the inherent properties of the TiAl alloy, such as poor room temperature plasticity, large brittleness, low room temperature elongation, large machining difficulty and the like, make the forming process of the TiAl alloy extremely complex and difficult, and are main obstacles for the TiAl alloy not to be applied in large quantities. The processing and forming of TiAl alloy with large size, complex structure and shape is still one of the problems to be solved urgently.
The additive manufacturing method has the advantages that the unique technical advantages of the additive manufacturing method are utilized to show the corner in the field of processing and forming of metal materials difficult to process. The company Avio, italy, has worked with Arcam, sweden, to co-manufacture, by electron beam additive manufacturing, GEnx aircraft engine turbine blades for use in the plane boeing 787 and the plane boeing 747-8.
A laser additive manufacturing complete equipment system is adopted by Beijing aerospace university at home to manufacture various titanium alloy airplane structural components including TiAl alloy. The Beijing aviation manufacturing engineering research institute researches an electron beam selective melting and forming technology of TiAl alloy turbine blades.
As with the powder-fed laser melting deposition and the wire-fed electron beam melting deposition, the arc fuse additive manufacturing technology, which is a near-net-shape manufacturing technology for metal materials, is regarded as a low-energy-consumption, sustainable, green and environment-friendly manufacturing technology in europe. As early as the middle of the 90's of the 20 th century, Roro corporation and Clarafield university have collaborated to develop the research on the manufacturing technology of the high-temperature alloy arc fuse additive, and successfully apply the research to the manufacturing production of the high-temperature alloy casing of the aircraft engine.
Due to the difficulties of poor process stability, large solidification and solid shrinkage stress, easy generation of cracks and the like of the TiAl alloy, the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse aiming at the TiAl alloy is not reported. Because Ti is an active metal and is very easy to react with oxygen and nitrogen in the air at high temperature, the traditional arc fuse additive has certain limitation on the preparation of the TiAl alloy with high performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component, which has the characteristics of gamma-TiAl structure and excellent mechanical property.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component is characterized in that: the method adopts a consumable electrode gas shielded welding additive manufacturing mode for forming, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a pure titanium plate as a substrate for additive manufacturing;
2) the titanium wire and the aluminum wire are respectively fed into corresponding consumable electrode gas shielded welding torches through respective wire feeding devices, and discharge is generated under the action of the welding torches to form a molten pool;
3) depositing a first layer of melt on a titanium substrate;
4) depositing a second layer of melt on the first layer of melt after the first layer of melt is deposited;
5) repeating the steps for multiple times until the TiAl alloy component with the required size is deposited.
Compared with the traditional arc fuse, the invention adopts the gas metal arc welding, particularly prevents the active metal Ti from generating chemical reaction with oxygen, nitrogen and the like in the air, improves the purity of the TiAl alloy structure, and provides guarantee for realizing excellent mechanical property.
Preferably, the diameter of the titanium wire in the step 2) is 0.4-1.6 mm, and the diameter of the aluminum wire is 0.4-1.6 mm. The diameter of the titanium wire and the diameter of the aluminum wire can be adjusted according to different wire feeding speeds of the titanium wire and the aluminum wire. The atomic ratio of Ti to Al of a TiAl intermetallic compound in the TiAl alloy is 1:1, in order to convert Ti and Al into the TiAl intermetallic compound as much as possible, adjusting the diameters of a titanium wire and an aluminum wire according to different wire feeding speeds is one of key means for controlling the TiAl intermetallic compound, and according to the wire feeding speed of gas metal arc welding, the diameter of the titanium wire is 0.4-1.6 mm, and the diameter of the aluminum wire is 0.4-1.6 mm.
Preferably, the feeding speed of the titanium wire in the step 2): 1000-2000 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed of the aluminum wire is 550-1200 mm/min. According to the diameters of the titanium wire and the aluminum wire, the invention can also ensure that Ti and Al are alloyed into TiAl intermetallic compounds as far as possible by controlling the wire feeding speeds of the titanium wire and the aluminum wire.
Preferably, the deposition process is carried out in an argon protection device for preventing oxidation and nitrogen pollution.
Preferably, the current of the gas metal arc welding in the deposition process is 100-350A. The current control of the consumable electrode gas shielded welding determines the alloying of intermetallic compounds, the current is too low, Ti and Al cannot form alloyed TiAl alloy, the current is too high, Ti and Al are over-sintered, the TiAl alloy can be doped, the purity of the TiAl alloy structure is influenced, and the mechanical property of the TiAl alloy structure is directly influenced, so that the current of the consumable electrode gas shielded welding in the deposition process is 100-350A, the Ti and Al are alloyed to obtain the gamma-TiAl alloy structure, and the performance requirements of engine turbine blades on the heat resistance and the like of materials are met.
Preferably, the temperature difference between the former deposition layer and the latter deposition layer is controlled to be 50-200 ℃. After the previous layer of TiAl alloy is deposited, carry out the deposition of second layer of TiAl alloy, there is certain difference in temperature between two-layer, when the difference in temperature is less than 50 ℃, there are two-layer melting, can not reach rational deposit effect, when the difference in temperature is higher than 200 ℃, the first layer sedimentary deposit solidifies basically, when the second layer sedimentary deposit is deposited on the first layer, both bond strength are not firm, easily produce and peel off, therefore, combine the current control of consumable electrode gas shielded welding, control 50 ~ 200 with the previous sedimentary deposit with the next sedimentary deposit difference in temperature, make the first layer sedimentary deposit and the second layer sedimentary deposit produce sufficient bond strength, thereby realize excellent mechanical properties.
Preferably, the atomic percentage composition of the TiAl alloy component is as follows: 42-49 at% of Al, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities. The ideal state of the TiAl alloy component is that the atomic ratio of Ti to Al is 1:1, so that Ti and Al are completely alloyed to form a TiAl intermetallic compound, but in the actual operation process, in order to ensure that Al atoms completely form the intermetallic compound, a proper amount of Ti is generally selected to be excessive, and the excessive Ti can completely alloy Al, so that the TiAl alloy component contains 42-49 at% of Al, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the grain size of the TiAl alloy is 50-100 μm. The grain size of the TiAl alloy is controlled to be 50-100 mu m by combining the current of gas metal arc welding and the temperature difference between the previous layer and the next layer, so that excellent mechanical properties are realized.
Preferably, the microstructure of the TiAl alloy contains dendrites and lamellar clusters. The bimodal structure ensures better plasticity, which plays an important role in improving the elongation of TiAl brittle intermetallic compounds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention is the thinking of micro-area melting and layer-by-layer solidification deposition, adopts the mode of consumable electrode gas shielded welding additive manufacturing, solves the problem that the traditional process paths of TiAl alloy such as casting, forging, powder metallurgy and the like can not be formed, and the prepared TiAl alloy component is near-net formed and can meet the requirement of quick response manufacturing;
2. the method comprises the steps of carrying out component design, solidification and phase change regulation and control on the TiAl alloy by adjusting parameters such as current, pass temperature, wire feeding speed and the like to obtain a gamma-TiAl microstructure with refined grains;
3. the method has simple process, effectively solves the problem of high forming difficulty of the TiAl alloy component, and has short forming time and lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an electric arc additive manufacturing process of TiAl alloy according to the present invention, wherein 1 and 6 are wire feeders, 2 and 5 are welding gun connecting lines, 3 and 4 are welding guns, 7 is a cross section of a build-up layer, and 8 is a substrate;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a sample taken after deposition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, a rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component adopts a consumable electrode gas shielded welding additive manufacturing mode for forming, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) according to the requirement of forming a TiAl alloy component, a pure titanium plate is selected as a substrate 8 for additive manufacturing;
2) the titanium wire and the aluminum wire are respectively and independently fed into corresponding consumable electrode gas shielded welding guns 3 and 4 through respective wire feeding devices 1 and 6 (wherein the wire feeding devices 1 and 6 are connected with the welding guns 3 and 4 through welding gun connecting pipelines 2 and 5), and discharge is generated under the action of the welding guns 3 and 4 to form a molten pool;
3) depositing a first layer of melt on a titanium substrate 8;
4) after the deposition of the first layer is finished, lifting the welding guns 3 and 4, and depositing the second layer of melt on the first layer of melt under the action of the welding guns 3 and 4;
5) repeating the steps for multiple times until the TiAl alloy component with the required size is deposited.
The diameter of the titanium wire is 0.4-1.6 mm, and the diameter of the aluminum wire is 0.4-1.6 mm;
the wire feeding speed of the titanium wire is as follows: 1000-2000 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed of the aluminum wire is 550-1200 mm/min.
The current of the gas metal arc welding in the deposition process is 100-350A.
The temperature difference between the former deposition layer and the latter deposition layer is controlled to be 50-200 ℃.
The TiAl alloy component comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 42-49 at% of Al, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
The TiAl alloy has a grain size of 50 to 100 μm.
The microstructure of the TiAl alloy contains dendrites and lamellar clusters.
Examples 1 to 10 are TiAl alloy components produced by the process according to the invention.
The comparative example is a TiAl alloy component produced by laser fusion deposition.
The 10 example alloys and 1 comparative example alloy prepared were tested for tensile strength, hardness, and oxidation weight gain, respectively.
And (3) testing tensile strength and hardness: and cutting a tensile strength and hardness test sample along the direction of a scanning plane.
Oxidation weight gain test: an oxidation experiment is carried out in a high-temperature resistance furnace at 800 ℃, the oxidation time is 100h, and the weight gain is measured by a balance.
TABLE 1 processing, grain size of the examples
TABLE 2 results of performance test of examples and comparative examples
From the table 1, it can be obtained that the gamma-TiAl structure is obtained by controlling the diameter of the titanium wire and the aluminum wire, the wire feeding speed, the current and the temperature difference of the pass, and the grain size of the TiAl alloy is fine and is controlled at 50-100 μm.
As can be seen from Table 2, the TiAl alloy block sample formed by the method has excellent comprehensive mechanics, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 450MPa, the hardness is more than or equal to 350HV, and the performance is more excellent compared with a comparative example obtained by adopting the traditional laser melting deposition.
By carrying out an oxidation experiment at 800 ℃, the oxidation time is 100h, the average value of oxidation weight gain of the embodiment of the invention is lower than that of the comparative example, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance is more excellent.
As shown in FIG. 2, the microstructure of the present embodiment is mainly dendritic and lamellar agglomerate structures, which indicates that the TiAl alloy component is near-net-shaped and can meet the requirement of rapid response manufacturing.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component is characterized in that: the method adopts a consumable electrode gas shielded welding additive manufacturing mode for forming, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a pure titanium plate as a substrate for additive manufacturing;
2) the titanium wire and the aluminum wire are respectively fed into corresponding consumable electrode gas shielded welding torches through respective wire feeding devices, and discharge is generated under the action of the welding torches to form a molten pool;
3) depositing a first layer of melt on a titanium substrate;
4) depositing a second layer of melt on the first layer of melt after the first layer of melt is deposited;
5) repeating the steps for multiple times until the TiAl alloy component with the required size is deposited.
2. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the titanium wire in the step 2) is 0.4-1.6 mm, and the diameter of the aluminum wire is 0.4-1.6 mm.
3. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the wire feeding speed of the titanium wire in the step 2) is as follows: 1000-2000 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed of the aluminum wire is 550-1200 mm/min.
4. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: and an argon protection device is adopted in the deposition process to prevent oxidation and nitrogen pollution.
5. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: and the current of the gas metal arc welding in the deposition process is 100-350A.
6. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature difference between the former deposition layer and the latter deposition layer is controlled to be 50-200 ℃.
7. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the TiAl alloy component comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 42-49 at% of Al, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
8. The method of rapid near-net forming of a TiAl alloy component in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the grain size of the TiAl alloy is 50-100 mu m.
9. The method of rapid near-net forming of a piece of TiA alloy structure of claim 1, wherein: the microstructure of the TiAl alloy contains dendrites and lamellar clusters.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112139649A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-29 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive |
| CN112139650A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-29 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing intermetallic compound component based on additive manufacturing method in situ additive manufacturing |
| CN113732442A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Method for performing additive forming on full-equiaxial fine-grain magnesium alloy component through arc fuse |
| CN114850632A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-05 | 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 | Heterogeneous intermetallic compound additive machining equipment and machining method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112139649A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-29 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive |
| CN112139650A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-29 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing intermetallic compound component based on additive manufacturing method in situ additive manufacturing |
| CN112139649B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-08-16 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive manufacturing |
| CN113732442A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Method for performing additive forming on full-equiaxial fine-grain magnesium alloy component through arc fuse |
| CN114850632A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-05 | 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 | Heterogeneous intermetallic compound additive machining equipment and machining method thereof |
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