CN110603580A - Oled像素补偿电路及驱动方法、显示装置 - Google Patents
Oled像素补偿电路及驱动方法、显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种OLED像素补偿电路及驱动方法和一种显示装置。所述OLED像素补偿电路包括输入子电路、补偿子电路、驱动子电路和发光子电路。所述输入子电路连接至所述补偿子电路,并且被配置为将数据信号输入至所述补偿子电路中。所述补偿子电路连接至所述驱动子电路和所述发光子电路,并且被配置为对所述驱动子电路的阈值电压进行补偿。所述驱动子电路被配置为在所述驱动子电路的阈值电压被补偿后,驱动所述发光子电路进行发光。
Description
技术领域
本公开属于显示技术领域,具体涉及一种OLED像素电路及驱动方法和一种显示装置。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode,简称为OLED)由于具有能自发光、尺寸小、重量轻、功耗低等优点,已被广泛采用为显示装置的发光元件,这种显示装置称为OLED显示装置。根据OLED显示装置的像素的寻址方案的不同,OLED显示装置可以分为主动式(或有源)矩阵OLED(active matrix OLED,简称未AMOLED)显示装置和被动式(或无源)矩阵OLED(passive matrix OLED,简称未PMOLED)显示装置。AMOLED显示装置具有反应速度快、对比度高、视角广等特点而被广泛应用。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供了一种OLED像素补偿电路及驱动方法和一种显示装置。
本公开的一方面提供了一种OLED像素补偿电路,包括输入子电路、补偿子电路、驱动子电路、发光子电路、数据线、扫描线和发光控制线,其中:
所述输入子电路连接至所述补偿子电路,并且被配置为将数据信号输入至所述补偿子电路中;
所述补偿子电路连接至所述驱动子电路和所述发光子电路,并且被配置为对所述驱动子电路的阈值电压进行补偿;
所述驱动子电路被配置为在所述驱动子电路的阈值电压被补偿后,驱动所述发光子电路进行发光;
所述数据线被配置为向所述输入子电路提供所述数据信号;
所述扫描线被配置为向所述输入子电路提供扫描信号;以及
所述发光控制线被配置为向所述补偿子电路提供发光控制信号。
在一个实施例中,所述OLED像素补偿电路还包括参考电压线,其中:
所述参考电压线被配置为向所述输入子电路提供参考电压,并且所述参考电压低于所述数据信号的电压。
在一个实施例中,所述输入子电路包括第一晶体管和第二晶体管;
所述第一晶体管的第一极连接至所述参考电压线,第二极连接至所述补偿子电路,并且栅极连接至所述扫描线;以及
所述第二晶体管的第一极连接至所述数据线,第二极连接至所述补偿子电路,并且栅极连接至所述扫描线。
在一个实施例中,所述补偿子电路包括第三晶体管、第四晶体管和存储电容器;
所述第三晶体管的第一极连接至所述第一晶体管的所述第二极,第二极连接至所述第二晶体管的所述第二极,并且栅极连接至所述发光控制线;
所述第四晶体管的第一极连接至所述驱动子电路,第二极连接至所述发光子电路,并且栅极连接至所述发光控制线;以及
所述存储电容器的第一端连接至所述第二晶体管的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管的所述第二极,并且第二端连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第一极。
在一个实施例中,所述驱动子电路包括驱动晶体管,所述驱动晶体管的第一极连接至正极电源,第二极连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第一极,并且栅极连接至所述第一晶体管的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管的所述第一极。
在一个实施例中,所述驱动晶体管为N型晶体管,并且所述驱动晶体管的所述第一极为所述N型晶体管的漏极。
在一个实施例中,所述发光子电路包括有机发光二极管,并且所述有机发光二极管的阳极连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第二极。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种显示装置,该显示装置包括根据本公开的上述实施例中的任意一个实施例的OLED像素补偿电路。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种OLED像素补偿电路的驱动方法,其中,所述OLED像素补偿电路为根据本公开的上述实施例的OLED像素补偿电路,所述第一晶体管、所述第二晶体管、所述第三晶体管和所述第四晶体管中的每一个为N型晶体管,所述驱动方法包括:
在数据输入阶段中,通过所述扫描线输入高电平,并且通过所述发光控制线输入低电平;以及
在补偿并发光阶段中,通过所述扫描线输入低电平,并且通过所述发光控制线输入低电平。
附图说明
图1为根据本公开实施例的一种OLED像素电路的结构示意图;
图2为根据本公开实施例的一种OLED像素补偿电路的结构框图;
图3为图2所示的OLED像素补偿电路的结构示意图;以及
图4为图3所示的OLED像素补偿电路的信号时序图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本公开的技术方案,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本公开的OLED像素补偿电路及其驱动方法和显示装置作进一步详细描述。
一个OLED显示装置可包括多个像素和与所述多个像素一一对应的多个OLED像素电路。如图1所示,本公开的实施例提供了与一个像素相对应的一种OLED像素电路,该OLED像素电路可用于AMOLED显示装置。该OLED像素电路采用2T1C(即,2个晶体管和1个电容器)的结构。具体地,该OLED像素电路可包括一个开关晶体管T1、一个驱动晶体管T2和一个存储电容器Cs。在一个实施例中,该OLED像素电路还可包括有机发光二极管EL、扫描线Scan、数据线Data、正极(或阳极)电源线ELVDD和负极(或阴极)电源线ELVSS。开关晶体管T1的第一极连接至数据线Data,第二极连接至存储电容器Cs的第一端,栅极连接至扫描线Scan。驱动晶体管T2的第一极连接至存储电容器Cs的第二端和正极电源,第二极连接至有机发光二极管EL的阳极,栅极连接至开关晶体管T1的第二极和存储电容器Cs的第一端。有机发光二极管EL的阴极连接至负极电源。
图1所示的OLED像素电路的工作原理如下。在扫描线Scan提供导通电平时,开关晶体管T1导通,将数据线Data提供的数据信号Vdata存储到存储电容器Cs中。存储电容器Cs存储的电压信号(即,存储电容器Cs的第一端的电压)可以使驱动晶体管T2的导通,使得正极电源ELVDD通过驱动晶体管T2传输至发光二极管EL,从而将输入的数据信号Vdata转换成有机发光二极管EL发光所需的电流信号。有机发光二极管EL根据电流信号来显示不同的灰阶。
一般地,采用低温多晶硅(LTPS)来形成所述OLED像素电路中的晶体管。本公开的发明人发现,因目前LTPS工艺采用激光退火技术,在相同的条件下形成的各个晶体管的阈值电压Vth存在较大的差异。在低灰阶画面下,2T1C结构的LTPS AMOLED像素电路在同一方向上的小范围内的不均匀性可达到30%至40%,即使相邻晶体管之间的差异也可达到20%。此外,正极电源线ELVDD向同一列的各个OLED像素电路提供电压VDD,在正极电源线ELVDD较长(即,大尺寸的显示面板或显示装置)的情况下,在正极电源线ELVDD上会产生较大的IR压降(IR drop),使得后一个OLED像素电路接收到的电压低于前一个OLED像素电路接收到的电压,造成OLED显示装置的显示灰度不均匀。因此,包括所述OLED像素电路的显示装置的显示效果不佳。例如,在低灰阶画面下,在同一个2T1C结构的OLED像素电路中,1.0V的IR压降引起的亮度不均可达到70%以上。因此,期望补偿例如驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth的差异和正极电源线ELVDD上的IR压降,以减轻或消除因为驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth的差异和正极电源线ELVDD上的IR压降造成的OLED显示装置的显示灰度不均匀的问题。
本公开的实施例提供了一种OLED像素补偿电路,如图2所示。OLED像素补偿电路可包括输入子电路SC1、补偿子电路SC2、驱动子电路SC3和发光子电路SC4。所述输入子电路SC1连接至所述补偿子电路SC2,并且被配置为将数据信号Vdata输入至所述补偿子电路SC2中。所述补偿子电路SC2(例如,分别通过所述补偿子电路SC2的第一输出端OUT21和第二输出端OUT22)连接至所述驱动子电路SC3和所述发光子电路SC4,并且被配置为对所述驱动子电路SC3的阈值电压Vth进行补偿。所述驱动子电路SC3被配置为在所述驱动子电路SC3的阈值电压Vth被补偿后,驱动所述发光子电路SC4进行发光。
所述OLED像素补偿电路不仅可以补偿驱动子电路的阈值电压Vth的不均匀,而且可以消除电源的IR压降对包括所述OLED像素补偿电路的显示装置的显示均匀性的影响,从而改善了所述显示装置的显示效果。
在一个实施例中,所述OLED像素补偿电路还可包括数据线Data和扫描线Scan(图2中示出了第N个OLED像素补偿电路的扫描线Scan(n)),所述数据线Data被配置为向所述输入子电路SC1提供所述数据信号Vdata,并且所述扫描线Scan被配置为向所述输入子电路SC1提供扫描信号Vscan。所述数据信号Vdata与待显示的信息相对应。所述扫描信号Vscan可以控制所述输入子电路SC1以便导通或截止。
在一个实施例中,所述OLED像素补偿电路还可包括参考电压线(即,图2和图3所示的与参考电压Vref连接的线),所述参考电压线被配置为向所述输入子电路SC1提供参考电压Vref。在一个实施例中,所述参考电压Vref低于所述数据信号的电压,即Vref﹤Vdata。在所述扫描信号Vscan处于导通电平的情况下,所述参考电压Vref可通过输入子电路SC1的第一输出端OUT11输出至补偿子电路SC2,并且所述数据信号Vdata可通过输入子电路SC1的第二输出端OUT12输出至补偿子电路SC2。
在一个实施例中,所述OLED像素补偿电路还包括发光控制线EM(图2中示出了第N个OLED像素补偿电路的发光控制线EM(n)),所述发光控制线EM被配置为向所述补偿子电路SC2提供发光控制信号Vem。所述发光控制信号Vem可以控制所述补偿子电路SC2以便导通或截止。
所述OLED像素补偿电路是能够对驱动子电路SC3的阈值电压Vth的差异进行补偿(即,消除了驱动子电路SC3的阈值电压Vth的差异所引起的显示灰度不均匀的缺陷)的OLED像素电路。
作为示例,图3示出了图2所示的OLED像素补偿电路的一种实现方式。图3所示的OLED像素补偿电路采用5T1C(即,5个晶体管和1个电容器)的结构。
在一个实施例中,所述输入子电路SC1可包括第一晶体管T1和第二晶体管T2。所述第一晶体管T1的第一极连接至所述参考电压线,第二极连接至所述补偿子电路SC2,并且栅极连接至所述扫描线Scan。所述第二晶体管T2的第一极连接至所述数据线Data,第二极连接至所述补偿子电路SC2,并且栅极连接至所述扫描线Scan。
在一个实施例中,所述补偿子电路SC2可包括第三晶体管T3、第四晶体管T4和存储电容器C1。所述第三晶体管T3的第一极连接至所述第一晶体管T1的所述第二极(即,连接至节点Na),第二极连接至所述第二晶体管T2的所述第二极(即,连接至节点Nb),并且栅极连接至所述发光控制线EM。所述第四晶体管T4的第一极连接至所述驱动子电路SC3,第二极连接至所述发光子电路SC4(即,连接至节点Nanode),并且栅极连接至所述发光控制线EM。所述存储电容器C1的第一端连接至所述第二晶体管T2的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管T3的所述第二极(即,连接至节点Nb),并且第二端连接至所述第四晶体管T4的所述第一极(即,连接至节点Nc)。
在一个实施例中,所述驱动子电路SC3包括驱动晶体管TD,所述驱动晶体管TD的第一极连接至正极电源ELVDD,第二极连接至所述第四晶体管T4的所述第一极(即,连接至节点Nc),并且栅极连接至所述第一晶体管T1的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管T3的所述第一极(即,连接至节点Na)。
在一个实施例中,所述驱动晶体管为N型晶体管。所述驱动晶体管的所述第一极为所述N型晶体管的漏极DRAIN,并且所述驱动晶体管的所述第二极为所述N型晶体管的漏极SOURCE。所述驱动晶体管TD的栅极GATE连接至所述第一晶体管T1的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管T3的所述第一极(即,连接至节点Na)。
在一个实施例中,所述发光子电路SC4包括有机发光二极管EL。所述有机发光二极管EL的阳极连接至所述第四晶体管T4的所述第二极,并且所述有机发光二极管EL的阴极可连接至负极电源ELVSS。
在一个实施例中,正极电源ELVDD可提供正电压,负极电源ELVSS可提供负电压。数据信号的电压Vdata可为正电压,参考电压Vref可为正电压,并且Vref<Vdata。
应当理解的是,在本公开中的,导通电平指的是使相关的晶体管导通的电平。例如,在N型晶体管的情况下,导通电平是高电平,在P型晶体管的情况下,导通电平是低电平。此外,所述正极电源ELVDD的电压可高于所述负极电源ELVSS的电压,使得所述发光子电路SC4(例如,有机发光二极管EL)能够正常操作。所述第一晶体管T1、所述第二晶体管T2、所述第三晶体管T3和所述第四晶体管T4可以都为N型晶体管、都为P型晶体管或为N型晶体管和P型晶体管的组合。
下面,以所述第一晶体管T1、所述第二晶体管T2、所述第三晶体管T3和所述第四晶体管T4都为N型晶体管为例来说明图2和图3所示的OLED像素补偿电路的操作原理。
参照图3和图4,所述OLED像素补偿电路的操作可包括两个阶段:数据输入阶段t1和补偿并发光阶段t2。
例如,在数据输入阶段t1内,扫描线Scan(n)处于高电平,发光控制线EM(n)处于低电平,使得第一晶体管T1和第二晶体管T2导通,而第三晶体管T3和第四晶体管T4截止。此时节点Na的电位为Vref,节点Nb的电位为Vdata。由于驱动晶体管TD的栅极和源极之间的电压Vgs=Vref-Vanode(Vanode电压为上一帧的发光时段,有机发光二极管EL的阳极的电压),设置Vref电压使得Vgs=Vref-Vanode>Vth,故驱动晶体管TD导通。在此情况下,节点Nc的电位持续充电至Vref-Vth,使得驱动晶体管TD截止。此时,数据输入阶段结束。
例如,在补偿并发光阶段t2内,扫描线Scan(n)处于低电平,发光控制线EM(n)处于高电平,使得第一晶体管T1和第二晶体管T2截止,而第三晶体管T3和第四晶体管T4导通。由于存储电容器C1两端的压差不能突变,此时节点Nc的电位变为有机发光二极管EL的阳极的电压Vanode,而节点Nb的电位为Vdata-Vref+Vth+Vanode。由于第三晶体管T3导通,因此节点Na的电位等于节点Nb的电位Vdata-Vref+Vth+Vanode。在此情况下,由于驱动晶体管TD的栅极和源极之间的电压Vgs=Vdata–Vref+Vth+Vanode–Vanode=Vdata–Vref+Vth>Vth,因此驱动晶体管TD导通,正极电源ELVDD所提供的电压通过驱动晶体管TD传输至有机发光二极管EL,使得有机发光二极管EL发光。
上述数据输入阶段t1和补偿并发光阶段t2可以重复发生。
流过驱动晶体管TD的电流(即,流过有机发光二极管EL的电流)由以下公式(1)决定
如上所述,由于Vgs=Vdata–Vref+Vth,因此可得出以下公式(2)
其中,Cox是驱动晶体管TD的单位面积沟道电容,u是驱动晶体管TD的沟道迁移率,W是驱动晶体管TD的沟道宽度,L是驱动晶体管TD的沟道长度。
如以上公式(2)可见,由于参考电压Vref只是参考电源平面,不产生通过有机发光二极管EL的电流,因此参考电压Vref不会产生IR压降问题。此外,以上公式(2)中不出现驱动晶体管TD的阈值电压Vth,因此驱动晶体管TD的阈值电压Vth的漂移(或变化)对流过有机发光二极管EL的电流Ioled没有影响,从而解决了驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth的差异和正极电源线ELVDD上的IR压降造成的OLED显示装置的显示灰度不均匀的问题。
如上所述,所述OLED像素补偿电路不仅可以补偿驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth的不均匀对显示灰度的影响,而且可以消除电源IR压降对显示灰度的影响,从而改善了OLED显示装置的显示效果。此外,所述OLED像素补偿电路具有简单的结构和驱动时序。
本公开的实施例提供了一种显示装置(例如,OLED显示装置),该显示装置包括根据图2或图3所示的实施例的OLED像素补偿电路。在一个实施例中,所述显示装置还可以包括本领域已知的的其他组件,例如,分别对呈矩阵布置的多个像素的行和列进行自动驱动的行驱动器和列驱动器等。
本公开的实施例提供了一种OLED像素补偿电路的驱动方法,如图3和图4所示。所述OLED像素补偿电路可为根据图3的实施例的OLED像素补偿电路,所述第一晶体管T1、所述第二晶体管T2、所述第三晶体管T3和所述第四晶体管T4中的每一个可为N型晶体管。所述驱动方法可包括数据输入阶段t1和补偿并发光阶段t2。
数据输入阶段t1中,通过所述扫描线Scan(n)输入高电平,并且通过所述发光控制线EM(n)输入低电平。
在补偿并发光阶段t2中,通过所述扫描线Scan(n)输入低电平,并且通过所述发光控制线EM(n)输入低电平。
在一个实施例中,所述第一晶体管T1、所述第二晶体管T2、所述第三晶体管T3、所述第四晶体管T4和所述驱动晶体管TD可具有实质上相同的参数。此外,所述高电平和所述低电平可分别为使所述第一晶体管T1、所述第二晶体管T2、所述第三晶体管T3和所述第四晶体管T4中的每一个导通和截止的电平。
关于所述驱动方法的其他步骤和细节,可参见前文的描述。
在没有明显冲突的情况下,本公开的各个实施例可互相结合。
应当理解的是,以上实施例仅仅是为了说明本公开的原理而采用的示例性实施例,然而本公开并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本公开的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本公开的保护范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种OLED像素补偿电路,包括输入子电路、补偿子电路、驱动子电路、发光子电路、数据线、扫描线和发光控制线,其中:
所述输入子电路连接至所述补偿子电路,并且被配置为将数据信号输入至所述补偿子电路中;
所述补偿子电路连接至所述驱动子电路和所述发光子电路,并且被配置为对所述驱动子电路的阈值电压进行补偿;
所述驱动子电路被配置为在所述驱动子电路的阈值电压被补偿后,驱动所述发光子电路进行发光;
所述数据线被配置为向所述输入子电路提供所述数据信号;
所述扫描线被配置为向所述输入子电路提供扫描信号;以及
所述发光控制线被配置为向所述补偿子电路提供发光控制信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的OLED像素补偿电路,还包括参考电压线,其中:
所述参考电压线被配置为向所述输入子电路提供参考电压,并且所述参考电压低于所述数据信号的电压。
3.根据权利要求2所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中:
所述输入子电路包括第一晶体管和第二晶体管;
所述第一晶体管的第一极连接至所述参考电压线,第二极连接至所述补偿子电路,并且栅极连接至所述扫描线;以及
所述第二晶体管的第一极连接至所述数据线,第二极连接至所述补偿子电路,并且栅极连接至所述扫描线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中:
所述补偿子电路包括第三晶体管、第四晶体管和存储电容器;
所述第三晶体管的第一极连接至所述第一晶体管的所述第二极,第二极连接至所述第二晶体管的所述第二极,并且栅极连接至所述发光控制线;
所述第四晶体管的第一极连接至所述驱动子电路,第二极连接至所述发光子电路,并且栅极连接至所述发光控制线;以及
所述存储电容器的第一端连接至所述第二晶体管的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管的所述第二极,并且第二端连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第一极。
5.根据权利要求4所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中:
所述驱动子电路包括驱动晶体管,所述驱动晶体管的第一极连接至正极电源,第二极连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第一极,并且栅极连接至所述第一晶体管的所述第二极和所述第三晶体管的所述第一极。
6.根据权利要求5所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中,所述驱动晶体管为N型晶体管,并且所述驱动晶体管的所述第一极为所述N型晶体管的漏极。
7.根据权利要求4所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中,所述发光子电路包括有机发光二极管,并且所述有机发光二极管的阳极连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第二极。
8.根据权利要求5所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中,所述发光子电路包括有机发光二极管,并且所述有机发光二极管的阳极连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第二极。
9.根据权利要求6所述的OLED像素补偿电路,其中,所述发光子电路包括有机发光二极管,并且所述有机发光二极管的阳极连接至所述第四晶体管的所述第二极。
10.一种显示装置,包括根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的OLED像素补偿电路。
11.一种OLED像素补偿电路的驱动方法,其中,所述OLED像素补偿电路为根据权利要求9所述的OLED像素补偿电路,所述第一晶体管、所述第二晶体管、所述第三晶体管和所述第四晶体管中的每一个为N型晶体管,所述驱动方法包括:
在数据输入阶段中,通过所述扫描线输入高电平,并且通过所述发光控制线输入低电平;以及
在补偿并发光阶段中,通过所述扫描线输入低电平,并且通过所述发光控制线输入低电平。
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