CN110592429A - High-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with net structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with net structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-hardness wear-resistant bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net-shaped structure, which takes titanium or titanium alloy as a matrix, and metal for compounding, intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and metal for compounding are sequentially distributed on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the bimetal titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material, which comprises the steps of carrying out high-energy ball milling compounding on matrix powder and metal powder for compounding after high-energy ball milling treatment, and then sintering. The invention improves the friction and wear resistance and hardness of the bimetal titanium-based composite material by utilizing the good self-lubricating effect of the metal for compounding and the distribution strengthening effect of intermetallic compound particle phase; the invention adopts the high-energy ball milling method to prepare the bimetal titanium-based composite powder, does not need to clean, sensitize and activate raw materials, has simple process and strong operability, and is suitable for large-scale industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite preparation, and particularly relates to a high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium matrix composite with a net structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, many industrial fields put higher demands on the comprehensive performance of the used materials. However, the performance of the traditional single-matrix composite material, such as a titanium-based composite material, has great limitations, and particularly has significant defects in extreme service environments such as high temperature and high pressure, and the like, and the requirements of high toughness, wear resistance and low density in the fields of aerospace and the like cannot be met. And a plurality of metal materials with different physical and chemical properties are compounded together by adopting a special process technology to form a multi-metal composite material, so that the defects of the single composite material can be effectively overcome, and the composite material has excellent comprehensive performance so as to meet the service requirements of the material in extreme service environments such as high temperature and high pressure in modern high-technology development.
The titanium-based composite material as a novel metal-based structural material has a plurality of excellent mechanical properties and has important use value. Such as the CermeTi series TiC particle reinforced Ti-6Al-4V composite material developed by Dynamet technologies of America, has been successfully applied to hemispherical rocket shells, missile shells, aeroengine parts and the like. But the titanium matrix of the titanium matrix composite material has poor wear resistance due to low hardness of the titanium matrix, difference of combining capacity of the reinforcement body and the titanium matrix, poor plastic deformation shearing resistance and surface oxidation resistance and the like, and the service life and the use range of the titanium matrix composite material are seriously influenced. Therefore, designing and developing a new structure of wear-resistant titanium-based composite material has important industrial application background and needs of major industry upgrading.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a mesh structure, aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. The intermetallic compound particle phase generated by the compounding metal and the titanium or the titanium alloy in situ self-generation in the titanium-based composite material and the compounding metal are sequentially and uniformly distributed on the surface of the titanium or the titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material, and the friction and abrasion resistance and the hardness of the bimetal titanium-based composite material are greatly improved by utilizing the good self-lubricating effect of the compounding metal and the distribution strengthening effect of the intermetallic compound particle phase.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure is characterized in that titanium or titanium alloy is used as a matrix, and a metal for compounding, an intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding are sequentially distributed on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure; the hardness of the metal for compounding is less than that of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix, and the ductility of the metal for compounding is greater than that of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix; the average equivalent diameter of the meshes in the net-shaped structure is not more than 150 mu m, the Vickers microhardness of the net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material is improved by 40-70 Hv compared with the titanium-based material prepared by corresponding same titanium or titanium alloy, and the average friction coefficient is reduced by 0.02-0.08.
The bimetal titanium-based composite material takes titanium or titanium alloy as a matrix, the matrix is positioned at the central part of a mesh structure, and the metal for compounding, the intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the titanium or the titanium alloy and the metal for compounding are sequentially distributed on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape uniformly and continuously to form the bimetal titanium-based composite material with the mesh structure. The metal for compounding in the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is distributed on the outer layer of the surface of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate in a lantern ring shape to form a certain grid structure, and forms a multilayer structure similar to sugar coating with intermetallic compound particles; the intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the metal and the titanium or titanium alloy matrix is distributed on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form a certain grid structure, and the hardness of the intermetallic compound particle phase is far greater than that of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding and is distributed in a quasi-nanometer irregular spherical shape, so that the friction and abrasion resistance of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is further improved, in addition, the intermetallic compound particle phase is positioned between the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding, the compounding tightness and the bonding strength of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding are improved, and the hardness of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is improved.
The high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the reticular structure is characterized in that the metal for compounding is copper, nickel, silver, aluminum or zinc; the intermetallic compound particle phase is Ti2Cu、Ti2Ni、Ti2Ag、Ti3Al or Ti2And Zn. The preferred metal species for the composite have high ductility and low hardness, and readily form corresponding intermetallic compound particle phases in situ with the titanium or titanium alloy matrix.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for preparing the high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting powder: selecting spherical titanium powder or titanium alloy powder as matrix powder, and selecting metal powder with hardness smaller than that of the matrix powder and ductility larger than that of the matrix powder as metal powder for compounding;
step two, pretreatment of the metal powder for compounding: carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on the metal powder for compounding selected in the step one, and then screening to obtain flaky metal powder for irregular compounding; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400 r/min-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 5 h-8 h, and the ball-to-material ratio is not less than 1.5: 1;
step three, composite treatment: putting the substrate powder selected in the step one and the flaky metal powder for irregular compounding obtained in the step two into a planetary ball mill for high-energy ball milling compounding treatment to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling composite treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400 r/min-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 4 h-8 h, the ball-to-material ratio is not less than 1.5:1, and the selected grinding balls are stainless steel grinding balls with the diameters of 4mm and 8mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameters of 8mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameters of 4mm is not more than 3: 1;
step four, sintering and forming: and (4) placing the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder obtained in the third step into a discharge plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net structure.
The invention bombards the metal powder for compounding into a sheet layer by adopting high energy generated by high-energy ball milling treatment, screens the sheet layer to obtain the metal powder for irregular compounding, then coats the metal powder for irregular compounding around the matrix powder by the high-energy ball milling compounding treatment of a physical method, self-generates an intermetallic compound particle phase in situ by the metal powder for compounding contacting the matrix powder and titanium in the matrix powder after sintering, and distributes the rest of the metal powder for compounding around the intermetallic compound particle phase after sintering and forming to obtain the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a net structure. Compared with the chemical coating method in the prior art, the preparation method does not need to carry out cleaning, sensitizing, activating and other treatments on the raw materials, has simple process and strong operability, reduces pollution and production cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrialization.
The method described above, wherein the sphericity of the base powder in the first step is not less than 0.8; the mass purity of the matrix powder and the composite metal powder is not less than 99.9%. The optimized base powder with the sphericity not less than 0.8 effectively ensures the coating amount of the metal powder for compounding on the surface of the base powder, and is beneficial to the formation of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a net structure; the optimal quality purity of the matrix powder and the metal powder for compounding avoids the pollution of other alloy elements, ensures the bonding strength between the powder in the subsequent discharge plasma sintering process, avoids the defects of inclusion and the like, obtains the high-density net-structure bimetal titanium-based composite material, and further ensures the high hardness and the friction and wear resistance of the net-structure bimetal titanium-based composite material.
The method is characterized in that the particle diameter ratio of the matrix powder to the metal powder for compounding in the step one is not less than 1.5:1, the hardness ratio is not less than 12:7, and the mass ratio is not more than 5: 1. The base powder and the metal powder for compounding with the optimized performance further ensure the coating amount of the metal powder for compounding on the surface of the base powder, simultaneously save the using amount of the metal powder for compounding and reduce the production cost.
The method described above, wherein the metal powder for compounding in the first step is a flake powder. The optimized sheet composite metal powder is beneficial to the effective coating of the composite metal powder on the surface of the matrix powder to form the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder.
The method is characterized in that the hot-pressing sintering process parameters in the fourth step are as follows: the sintering temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the sintering time is 5-8 min, and the sintering pressure is 60-80 MPa. The optimized technological parameters further improve the internal bonding strength and the compactness of the high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the intermetallic compound particle phase generated by the in-situ self-generation of the metal for compounding and the titanium or the titanium alloy in the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is sequentially and uniformly and continuously distributed on the surface of the titanium or the titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a net structure, and the friction and abrasion resistance of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is greatly improved by utilizing the good self-lubricating effect and the distribution strengthening effect of the intermetallic compound particle phase of the metal for compounding.
2. The intermetallic compound particles in the bimetallic titanium-based composite material are positioned between the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding, so that the compounding tightness and the bonding strength of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding are improved, and the hardness of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is improved.
3. The intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the metal for compounding and the titanium or the titanium alloy in the bimetal titanium-based composite material and the metal for compounding are sequentially distributed on the surface of the titanium or the titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape uniformly and continuously to form the bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net structure, so that the contact between the titanium-based particles and the carbon reinforcement in the metal for compounding is effectively isolated, the in-situ self-generated titanium carbide reaction between the titanium-based particles and the carbon reinforcement is inhibited, and the mechanical property of the bimetal titanium-based composite material is further ensured.
4. Compared with the chemical cladding method in the prior art, the method has the advantages of no need of cleaning, sensitizing, activating and other treatments on the raw materials, simple process, strong operability, pollution reduction, production cost reduction and suitability for large-scale industrialization.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of microstructure of a high hardness wear-resistant net-structured bimetallic titanium-based composite material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the high-hardness wear-resistant Ti-Cu bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a net structure prepared in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the high-hardness wear-resistant Ti-Ni bimetallic Ti-based composite material with a net structure prepared in example 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the microstructure of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with high hardness and wear-resistant net structure in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention is: titanium or titanium alloy is taken as a matrix, and the metal for compounding, the intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the titanium or the titanium alloy and the metal for compounding are sequentially distributed on the surface of the titanium or the titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a net structure.
Example 1
The high hardness wear-resistant net-structured bimetallic titanium-based composite material of the embodiment is CT20 titanium alloy is taken as a matrix, and an intermetallic compound Ti generated by copper and CT20 titanium alloy in situ2The Cu particle phase and the copper are sequentially distributed on the surface of the CT20 titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape uniformly and continuously to form the Ti-Cu bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net structure; the average equivalent diameter of the mesh in the mesh structure is 150 μm.
The preparation method of the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the reticular structure comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting powder: selecting 100g of spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder with the grain diameter of 80-120 meshes, the Mohs hardness of 6.0 and the sphericity of 0.8 as matrix powder, and selecting 100g of flake copper powder with the grain diameter of 120-180 meshes and the Mohs hardness of 2.5 as composite metal powder; the mass purity of the spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder is 99.99%, and the mass purity of the flake copper powder is 99.95%;
step two, pretreatment of the metal powder for compounding: carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on the flaky copper powder selected in the step one, and then screening to obtain flaky copper powder for irregular compounding; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400r/min, the ball milling time is 8h, the ball-material ratio is 1.5:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 1: 2;
step three, composite treatment: placing 100g of the CT20 titanium alloy powder selected in the step one and the flaky irregular composite copper powder obtained in the step two into a planetary ball mill for high-energy ball milling composite treatment to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling composite treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400r/min, the ball milling time is 8h, the ball-material ratio is 2:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling composite treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 2: 1;
step four, sintering and forming: screening the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder with the grain size of 100-150 meshes, and placing the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder into a discharge plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a cylindrical high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped Ti-Cu bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 9.5 mm; the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 8min, and the sintering pressure is 60 MPa.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the Ti-Cu bimetallic titanium-based composite material with high hardness and wear-resistant net structure prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 2, in the Ti-Cu bimetallic titanium-based composite material with high hardness and wear-resistant net structure prepared in this embodiment, a CT20 titanium alloy matrix is located at the center of a mesh, a CT20 titanium alloy matrix is a typical widmannstatten structure in titanium alloy, and is composed of a coarse lath-shaped α phase and an intercrystalline β transition structure, and an intermetallic compound Ti alloy formed by in-situ self-generation of metallic copper and a CT20 titanium alloy2The Cu particle phase is uniformly and continuously distributed on the surface of the CT20 titanium alloy matrix, and the metallic copper is discontinuously distributed on the Ti2And forming a Ti-Cu bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net structure in the middle of the Cu particle phase.
The composite metal in the high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material can also be zinc or aluminum, and the corresponding intermetallic compound particle phase is Ti3Al or Ti2Zn；
The metal powder for compounding used in the preparation method of the high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material can also be zinc powder or aluminum powder.
Comparative example 1
The titanium-based material of the comparative example takes CT20 titanium alloy powder as a raw material, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: 100g of spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder with the grain diameter of 80-120 meshes, the Mohs hardness of 6.0 and the sphericity of 0.8 is placed on a spark plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a titanium-based material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 8 mm; the mass purity of the CT20 titanium alloy powder is 99.99%, and the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 8min, and the sintering pressure is 60 MPa.
Example 2
The high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure takes CT20 titanium alloy as a matrix, and an intermetallic compound Ti generated by copper and CT20 titanium alloy in situ and by self-generation is used as the Ti2Cu particle phase and copper are sequentially uniformly and continuously distributed in a lantern ring shapeThe titanium alloy is distributed on the surface of a CT20 titanium alloy matrix to form a Ti-Cu bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net structure; the average equivalent diameter of the mesh in the mesh structure is 80 μm.
The preparation method of the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the reticular structure comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting powder: selecting 120g of spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder with the grain diameter of 150 meshes-200 meshes, the Mohs hardness of 6.0 and the sphericity of 0.9 as matrix powder, and selecting 80g of flake copper powder with the grain diameter of 150 meshes-200 meshes and the Mohs hardness of 2.5 as composite metal powder; the mass purity of the spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder is 99.9 percent, and the mass purity of the flake copper powder is 99.9 percent;
step two, pretreatment of the metal powder for compounding: carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on the flaky copper powder selected in the step one, and then screening to obtain flaky copper powder for irregular compounding; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 450r/min, the ball milling time is 6h, the ball material ratio is 3:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 1: 1;
step three, composite treatment: putting 120g of CT20 titanium alloy powder selected in the step one and the flaky irregular composite copper powder obtained in the step two into a planetary ball mill for high-energy ball milling composite treatment to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling composite treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 500r/min, the ball milling time is 7h, the ball material ratio is 3:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling composite treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 3: 1;
step four, sintering and forming: screening the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder with the grain size of 150 meshes-200 meshes, and placing the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder in a discharge plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a cylindrical high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped Ti-Cu bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 13 mm; the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the sintering time is 6min, and the sintering pressure is 70 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The titanium-based material of the comparative example takes CT20 titanium alloy powder as a raw material, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: placing 120g of spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder with the grain diameter of 100 meshes-150 meshes, the Mohs hardness of 6.0 and the sphericity of 0.9 on a spark plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a titanium-based material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 9.5 mm; the mass purity of the CT20 titanium alloy powder is 99.99%, and the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the sintering time is 6min, and the sintering pressure is 70 MPa.
Example 3
The high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure takes CT20 titanium alloy as a matrix, and intermetallic compound Ti generated by in-situ self-generation of nickel and CT20 titanium alloy2The Ni particle phase and the nickel are sequentially distributed on the surface of the CT20 titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape uniformly and continuously to form the Ti-Ni bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net structure; the average equivalent diameter of the mesh in the mesh structure is 120 μm.
The preparation method of the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the reticular structure comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting powder: selecting 100g of spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder with the grain diameter of 100 meshes to 150 meshes, the Mohs hardness of 6.2 and the sphericity of 1.0 as matrix powder, and selecting 50g of flaky nickel powder with the grain diameter of 200 meshes to 300 meshes and the Mohs hardness of 3.5 as metal powder for compounding; the mass purity of the spherical CT20 titanium alloy powder is 99.99%, and the mass purity of the flaky nickel powder is 99.95%;
step two, pretreatment of the metal powder for compounding: carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on the flaky nickel powder selected in the step one, and then screening to obtain flaky nickel powder for irregular compounding; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 500r/min, the ball milling time is 5h, the ball-material ratio is 2:1, and the grinding balls adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment consist of stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 8mm and stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls to the grinding balls is 1: 3;
step three, composite treatment: placing 100g of the CT20 titanium alloy powder selected in the step one and the flaky nickel powder for irregular compounding obtained in the step two into a planetary ball mill for high-energy ball milling compounding treatment to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling composite treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 450r/min, the ball milling time is 4h, the ball-material ratio is 4:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling composite treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 1: 1;
step four, sintering and forming: screening 150g of the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain 100-150 meshes of bimetallic titanium-based composite powder, and placing the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder in a discharge plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a cylindrical high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped Ti-Ni bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 11.5 mm; the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, the sintering time is 5min, and the sintering pressure is 80 MPa.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the Ti-Ni bimetallic titanium-based composite material with high hardness and wear-resistant net structure prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 3, in the Ti-Ni bimetallic titanium-based composite material with high hardness and wear-resistant net structure prepared in this embodiment, a CT20 titanium alloy matrix is located at the center of a mesh, a CT20 titanium alloy matrix is a typical lamellar structure in titanium alloy, and is composed of fine acicular alpha phase and intercrystalline beta transition structure, and an intermetallic compound Ti that is self-generated in situ from nickel and a CT20 titanium alloy2The Ni particle phase is uniformly and continuously distributed on the surface of the CT20 titanium alloy matrix, and the nickel is continuously distributed on the Ti2The Ni particle phase is in the middle to form the Ti-Ni bimetallic titanium-based composite material with a net structure.
Comparative example 3
The titanium-based material of the comparative example takes CT20 powder as a raw material, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: 150g of spherical CT20 powder with the grain diameter of 100-150 meshes and the Mohs hardness of 6.0 is placed on a spark plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a titanium-based material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 9.5 mm; the mass purity of the CT20 titanium alloy powder is 99.99%, and the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, the sintering time is 5min, and the sintering pressure is 80 MPa.
Example 4
The high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net structure takes TA1 pure titanium as a matrix, and an intermetallic compound Ti generated in situ by silver and TA1 pure titanium2The Ag particle phase and the silver are sequentially uniformly and continuously distributed on the surface of the TA1 pure titanium matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the Ti-Ag bimetal titanium-based composite material with a net structure; the average equivalent diameter of the mesh in the mesh structure is 110 μm.
The preparation method of the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the reticular structure comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting powder: selecting 100g of spherical TA1 pure titanium powder with the grain diameter of 100 meshes to 150 meshes, the Mohs hardness of 6.0 and the sphericity of 0.8 as matrix powder, and selecting 20g of flake silver powder with the grain diameter of 200 meshes to 300 meshes and the Mohs hardness of 2.5 as metal powder for compounding; the mass purity of the spherical TA1 pure titanium powder is 99.99%, and the mass purity of the flaky silver powder is 99.95%;
step two, pretreatment of the metal powder for compounding: carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on the flaky silver powder selected in the step one, and then screening to obtain flaky irregular composite silver powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400r/min, the ball milling time is 6h, the ball-material ratio is 1.5:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 1: 2;
step three, composite treatment: putting 100g of the TA1 pure titanium powder selected in the step one and the flaky irregular composite silver powder obtained in the step two into a planetary ball mill for high-energy ball milling composite treatment to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling composite treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400r/min, the ball milling time is 5h, the ball-material ratio is 1.5:1, and the grinding ball adopted in the high-energy ball milling composite treatment consists of a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 8mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball to the grinding ball is 2: 1;
step four, sintering and forming: screening the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain 100-150 meshes of bimetallic titanium-based composite powder, and placing the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder in a discharge plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a cylindrical high-hardness wear-resistant net-shaped Ti-Ag bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 9.5 mm; the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 8min, and the sintering pressure is 80 MPa.
Comparative example 4
The titanium-based material of the comparative example takes TA1 pure titanium powder as a raw material, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: 100g of spherical TA1 pure titanium powder with the grain diameter of 100-150 meshes and the Mohs hardness of 6.0 is placed on a spark plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain a titanium-based material with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 8 mm; the mass purity of the TA1 pure titanium powder is 99.99%, and the technological parameters of the hot-pressing sintering are as follows: the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 8min, and the sintering pressure is 80 MPa.
Testing the Vickers microhardness and the frictional wear performance: the results of micro-hardness and abrasion performance tests of the net-shaped bimetallic titanium-based composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and the titanium-based materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4 were performed by using a vickers micro-hardness tester and a frictional abrasion tester, and are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of Vickers microhardness and frictional wear properties of the net-structured bimetallic titanium-based composites prepared in examples 1-4 and the titanium-based materials prepared in comparative examples 1-4
As can be seen from Table 1, the Vickers microhardness of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the mesh structure prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention is improved by about 40 to 70Hv compared with the Vickers microhardness of the titanium-based material prepared in the corresponding comparative examples 1 to 4, the average friction coefficient of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the mesh structure prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 is reduced by about 0.02 to 0.08 compared with the average friction coefficient of the titanium-based material prepared in the corresponding comparative examples 1 to 4, the abrasion loss of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the mesh structure prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 is lower than that of the titanium-based material prepared in the corresponding comparative examples 1 to 4, which shows that the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the mesh structure has good self-lubricating effect and strengthening effect of intermetallic compound particle phase by utilizing the composite metal, the friction and abrasion resistance of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is greatly improved, and the intermetallic compound particle phase is positioned between the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding, so that the compounding tightness and the bonding strength of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding are improved, and the strength of the bimetallic titanium-based composite material is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure is characterized in that titanium or titanium alloy is used as a matrix, and a metal for compounding, an intermetallic compound particle phase generated in situ by the titanium or titanium alloy matrix and the metal for compounding are sequentially distributed on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix in a lantern ring shape to form the bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net-shaped structure; the hardness of the metal for compounding is less than that of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix, and the ductility of the metal for compounding is greater than that of the titanium or titanium alloy matrix; the average equivalent diameter of the meshes in the net-shaped structure is not more than 150 mu m, the Vickers microhardness of the net-shaped structure bimetal titanium-based composite material is improved by 40-70 Hv compared with the titanium-based material prepared by corresponding same titanium or titanium alloy, and the average friction coefficient is reduced by 0.02-0.08.
2. The high hardness, wear resistant, reticulated bimetallic titanium-based composite of claim 1, wherein the composite metal is copper, nickel, silver, aluminum, or zinc; the intermetallic compoundThe particle phase is Ti2Cu、Ti2Ni、Ti2Ag、Ti3Al or Ti2Zn。
3. A method of preparing the high hardness wear resistant net-like structure bimetallic titanium-based composite material of claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
step one, selecting powder: selecting spherical titanium powder or titanium alloy powder as matrix powder, and selecting metal powder with hardness smaller than that of the matrix powder and ductility larger than that of the matrix powder as metal powder for compounding;
step two, pretreatment of the metal powder for compounding: carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on the metal powder for compounding selected in the step one, and then screening to obtain flaky metal powder for irregular compounding; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400 r/min-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 5 h-8 h, and the ball-to-material ratio is not less than 1.5: 1;
step three, composite treatment: putting the substrate powder selected in the step one and the flaky metal powder for irregular compounding obtained in the step two into a planetary ball mill for high-energy ball milling compounding treatment to obtain bimetallic titanium-based composite powder; the technological parameters of the high-energy ball milling composite treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 400 r/min-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 4 h-8 h, the ball-to-material ratio is not less than 1.5:1, and the selected grinding balls are stainless steel grinding balls with the diameters of 4mm and 8mm, wherein the mass ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameters of 8mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameters of 4mm is not more than 3: 1;
step four, sintering and forming: and (4) placing the bimetallic titanium-based composite powder obtained in the third step into a discharge plasma sintering machine for hot-pressing sintering to obtain the high-hardness wear-resistant bimetallic titanium-based composite material with the net structure.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the sphericity of the base powder in the first step is not less than 0.8; the mass purity of the matrix powder and the composite metal powder is not less than 99.9%.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the particle diameters of the base powder and the composite metal powder in the first step is not less than 1.5:1, the ratio of the hardness is not less than 12:7, and the mass ratio is not more than 5: 1.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal powder for the composite in step one is a flake powder.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the hot press sintering in step four comprises the following process parameters: the sintering temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the sintering time is 5-8 min, and the sintering pressure is 60-80 MPa.
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