CN110586111A - Preparation method of composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming Download PDFInfo
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- CN110586111A CN110586111A CN201910875309.8A CN201910875309A CN110586111A CN 110586111 A CN110586111 A CN 110586111A CN 201910875309 A CN201910875309 A CN 201910875309A CN 110586111 A CN110586111 A CN 110586111A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming, wherein the catalyst comprises an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier, the active component is Ni, the auxiliary agent is Na, K, Mg, Ca or Sr, and the carrier is alumina, cerium oxide or zirconium oxide. The preparation method comprises the steps of dipping a Ni metal salt solution on a carrier to obtain a primary catalyst and dipping a solution of an auxiliary agent on the primary catalyst to obtain a final catalyst. The invention reduces the active components by adopting the alkali metal additive, can reduce the cost and improve the carbon deposition resistance. The composite catalyst added with the alkali metal additive prepared by the invention shows higher performance than a single catalyst in a methane steam reforming experiment. When the catalyst is used for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming, the catalyst can meet the requirements of industrialization on the activity and the service life of the catalyst, and can be widely applied to the field of hydrogen supply of fuel cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen supply of fuel cells, in particular to a preparation method of a high-efficiency composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane reforming.
Background
The development of fuel cells has become one of the focuses of scientists attention when the new century arrives, the fuel cells have good development in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, factories, power generation and the like except for the application in the field of ships, and the fuel cells have quite mature technology in developed countries, particularly the application in the field of automobiles and can be produced in large scale. In the research process of fuel cells, a plurality of problems are still solved, the most important of which is the problem of selecting fuel, and the fuel cells are known to use hydrogen, methane, methanol, carbon monoxide and the like as fuel, if methane and methanol are used as fuel, carbon dioxide is generated after combustion, and greenhouse effect is generated; if carbon monoxide is used as fuel, the carbon monoxide has toxicity, the consequences are not reasonable if leakage occurs, and carbon dioxide is generated after reaction, which also contributes to greenhouse effect; however, if hydrogen is used as fuel, no by-product is produced during combustion, and no pollution is caused to the environment, so that hydrogen is the most ideal fuel for fuel cells.
There are many sources of hydrogen gas, including electrolyzed water, solar hydrolyzed water, biomass vaporization, etc., but it is obviously not suitable for fuel cells due to technical and energy consumption problems. Currently, 85% of industrial hydrogen generation is from fossil fuels, and hydrogen-rich fuels are produced by steam reforming of methane, autothermal reforming, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, partial oxidation reforming, and the like. Of all available processes, steam reforming of methane (SMR) is the most mature and commonly used process for large-scale production of synthetic hydrogen. Global hydrogen production over 50% comes from the SMR process.
In the process of catalyzing SMR, a severe working environment with high temperature, high pressure and long-time continuous operation exists, and the catalyst has the problems of activity reduction and the like caused by sintering, carbon deposition, CO poisoning and the like. The technological parameters are difficult to change greatly, so that the optimization of the catalyst is a main way for improving the hydrogen production reaction of the alkanes. The components of the existing catalyst mainly comprise an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier.
Research shows that when noble metals such as Ru, Rh and Pd are loaded on a proper carrier, the noble metals have high reactivity and carbon deposition resistance, but the noble metal catalyst has the defects of high price and high reactivity of a nickel catalyst in non-noble metals. In order to improve the catalytic effect of the catalyst, substances with a mass fraction lower than that of the active component are often added in the preparation process. The method of adding the auxiliary agent can improve the dispersion degree of the active substance in the carrier, prevent the influence of carbon deposition, enhance the stability of the catalyst and the like. Although the existing catalyst can obtain better reaction performance of methane steam reforming hydrogen production, the problems of high cost, easy carbon deposition of the catalyst and the like still exist. Therefore, a catalyst with high reaction activity and low active component load needs to be found so as to improve the stability and the carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst and reduce the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design a preparation method of the composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming, which can improve the stability and the carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst and reduce the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming comprises an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier, wherein the active component is Ni, the auxiliary agent is Na, K, Mg, Ca or Sr, and the carrier is alumina, cerium oxide or zirconium oxide; based on the mass of the carrier, the content of the active component load is 5 wt% -15 wt%, and the content of the alkali metal oxide auxiliary agent is 1 wt% -5 wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
A. first impregnation
A1, taking a carrier with specified mass, accurately weighing quantitative Ni metal salt according to the content of active component load of 5 wt% -15 wt%, dissolving in deionized water, and soaking the solution on the carrier after full dissolution;
a2, aging at normal temperature for 8-12h, and evaporating to dryness in an oil bath at 70-90 ℃;
a3, drying for 4-20 h at 105-120 ℃;
a4, roasting at 500-800 ℃ for 1-3 h to obtain a catalyst;
B. second impregnation
B1, weighing 1-5 wt% of nitrate or chloride of the auxiliary agent with corresponding mass, dissolving in deionized water, and soaking the solution on the catalyst;
b2, aging at normal temperature for 8-12h, and evaporating to dryness in an oil bath at 80-90 ℃;
b3, drying for 4-8h at 105-120 ℃;
b4, and roasting at 500-800 ℃ to obtain the final catalyst.
Furthermore, the auxiliary agent is a mixture of two or more of Na, K, Mg, Ca or Sr.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a twice impregnation method to prepare the composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and the composite catalyst can be used for industrial large-scale production.
2. The invention reduces the active components by adopting the alkali metal additive, can reduce the cost and improve the carbon deposition resistance.
3. The composite catalyst added with the alkali metal additive prepared by the invention shows higher performance than a single catalyst in a methane steam reforming experiment.
4. When the catalyst is used for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming, the catalyst can meet the requirements of industrialization on the activity and the service life of the catalyst, and can be widely applied to the field of hydrogen supply of fuel cells.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1: Mg-Ni/CeO2Preparation method of (1)
Preparation of 10g of Mg-Ni/CeO2: firstly, 8.8g of dried nano CeO is weighed2A carrier weighing 4.954g of Ni (NO) with Ni loading of 10 wt%3)3·6H2Dissolving O in deionized water, soaking the solution in CeO nanoparticles2On a carrier. Aging at normal temperature for 12 hr, evaporating in 80 deg.C oil bath, and drying at 120 deg.C4h and then roasted at 500 ℃ to obtain 10 wt% of Ni/CeO2And (5) standby. 2.137g of Mg (NO) were weighed out at a Mg promoter loading of 2 wt%3)2·6H2Dissolving O in deionized water, soaking the solution in Ni/CeO2Aging at normal temperature for 12h, evaporating to dryness in 80 deg.C oil bath, drying at 120 deg.C for 4h, and calcining at 500 deg.C for 2h to obtain Mg-Ni/CeO2。
Example 2: Sr-Ni/CeO2Preparation method of (1)
Preparation of 10g of Sr-Ni/CeO2: firstly, 8.6g of dried nano CeO is weighed2A carrier weighing 4.954g of Ni (NO) with Ni loading of 10 wt%3)3·6H2Dissolving O in deionized water, soaking the solution in CeO nanoparticles2On a carrier. Aging at normal temperature for 12h, evaporating in 80 deg.C oil bath, drying at 120 deg.C for 4h, and calcining at 500 deg.C to obtain 10 wt% Ni/CeO2And (5) standby. 0.966g of Sr (NO) weighed according to the loading amount of the Sr auxiliary agent of 4 wt%3)2Dissolving in deionized water, soaking the solution in Ni/CeO2Aging at normal temperature for 12h, evaporating to dryness in 80 deg.C oil bath, drying at 120 deg.C for 4h, and calcining at 500 deg.C for 2h to obtain Sr-Ni/CeO2。
The methane reforming performance of the two examples is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 methane reforming Performance of different catalysts
As shown in Table 1, Ni/CeO2The loading capacity of the Ni active component is 10 percent, the conversion rate of methane reaches 70.6 percent, the hydrogen production rate is 182.1 percent, and the selectivity of carbon monoxide is 23.1 percent. For Mg-Ni/CeO modified by adding Mg metal2When the content of Mg is 2%, the conversion rate of methane reaches 74.9%, the hydrogen production rate reaches 182.3%, and the CO selectivity is 23.6%; for addingSr-Ni/CeO of Sr2When the Sr content is 2%, the methane conversion rate reaches 75.2%, the hydrogen production rate reaches 182.2%, and the CO selectivity is 24.4%. The catalytic activity of the catalyst is comprehensively evaluated, the introduction of Mg and Sr improves the activity of the catalyst, active components are reduced, and the cost is reduced.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and any equivalent idea or change within the technical scope of the present invention is to be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming is characterized by comprising the following steps: the catalyst comprises an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier, wherein the active component is Ni, the auxiliary agent is Na, K, Mg, Ca or Sr, and the carrier is alumina, cerium oxide or zirconium oxide; based on the mass of the carrier, the content of the active component load is 5 wt% -15 wt%, and the content of the alkali metal oxide auxiliary agent is 1 wt% -5 wt%;
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
A. first impregnation
A1, taking a carrier with specified mass, accurately weighing quantitative Ni metal salt according to the content of active component load of 5 wt% -15 wt%, dissolving in deionized water, and soaking the solution on the carrier after full dissolution;
a2, aging at normal temperature for 8-12h, and evaporating to dryness in an oil bath at 70-90 ℃;
a3, drying for 4-20 h at 105-120 ℃;
a4, roasting at 500-800 ℃ for 1-3 h to obtain a catalyst;
B. second impregnation
B1, weighing 1-5 wt% of nitrate or chloride of the auxiliary agent with corresponding mass, dissolving in deionized water, and soaking the solution on the catalyst;
b2, aging at normal temperature for 8-12h, and evaporating to dryness in an oil bath at 80-90 ℃;
b3, drying for 4-8h at 105-120 ℃;
b4, and roasting at 500-800 ℃ to obtain the final catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the composite catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary agent is a mixture of two or more of Na, K, Mg, Ca or Sr.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111389404A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-07-10 | 天津大学 | Preparation method and application of cerium oxide supported nickel catalyst |
| CN111672543A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-18 | 大连海事大学 | Low-temperature plasma and modified molecular sieve catalyst synergetic one-step CH conversion4And CO2Method for preparing acetic acid |
| CN111841550A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Application of bimetallic alloy in anti-carbon deposition methane steam reforming catalyst |
| CN113522280A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Catalyst, and defect regulation method and application of catalyst |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111389404A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-07-10 | 天津大学 | Preparation method and application of cerium oxide supported nickel catalyst |
| CN113522280A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Catalyst, and defect regulation method and application of catalyst |
| CN111672543A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-18 | 大连海事大学 | Low-temperature plasma and modified molecular sieve catalyst synergetic one-step CH conversion4And CO2Method for preparing acetic acid |
| CN111672543B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2023-07-04 | 大连海事大学 | Low-temperature plasma and modified molecular sieve catalyst cooperate to convert CH in one step 4 And CO 2 Process for preparing acetic acid |
| CN111841550A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Application of bimetallic alloy in anti-carbon deposition methane steam reforming catalyst |
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