CN110579200B - Method for measuring centering deviation of transmission shaft - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for measuring the centering deviation of a transmission shaft is realized based on a centering deviation measuring device, the centering deviation measuring device is used for alignment measurement of a main transmission shaft and a measured transmission shaft, and the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a driving mechanism, a measuring frame, an angular displacement sensor, a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor and a matched control circuit, wherein the driving mechanism is arranged on a rack and used for mounting a main transmission shaft, the measuring frame is fixed on the main transmission shaft, the angular displacement sensor is positioned on the rack and used for measuring the rotation angle of the main transmission shaft, the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are positioned on the measuring frame and used for measuring the transmission shaft to be measured, and the output ends of the angular displacement sensor, the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are connected with the input end of the; through improving the structure and the measuring method of the measuring device, the measuring steps are simplified, and the measuring convenience is improved, so that the measuring device is more suitable for industrial production, and a solid foundation is laid for improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transmission shaft centering deviation measurement, and particularly relates to a method for measuring transmission shaft centering deviation applied to high-voltage switch equipment.
Background
The problem of centering installation of an output shaft and a transmission shaft of a driving mechanism is often encountered in the assembly process of high-voltage switch equipment, and the radial stress is generated in the transmission process due to overlarge centering deviation amount, even the conditions of blocking and the like occur, so that the quality of the equipment is seriously influenced. In order to ensure smooth transmission, the centering deviation amount of the output shaft of the driving mechanism and the transmission shaft needs to be measured after assembly, and the centering deviation amount needs to be controlled within a certain range. Therefore, a method for measuring the centering deviation of the transmission shaft, which is simple and fast, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for measuring the centering deviation of a transmission shaft, which simplifies the measuring steps and improves the measuring convenience by improving the structure of a measuring device and the measuring method, so that the method is more suitable for industrial production and lays a solid foundation for improving the production efficiency.
The invention is realized based on the following principle: if the main drive shaft is precisely aligned with the measured drive shaft, the equations for the two rotational axis centerlines are the same in the same coordinate system.
And establishing a coordinate system by taking the main transmission shaft as a reference, wherein a linear equation of the central line of the main transmission shaft is known. And solving two points on the central line of the transmission shaft to be measured in the established coordinate system to obtain a linear equation of the two points, and then comparing the linear equation.
Two planes perpendicular to the central line of the main transmission shaft are intersected with the surface of the transmission shaft to be measured, the appearance of the transmission shaft to be measured is a standard cylinder, the intersected graph is a circle (the two transmission shafts are parallel) or an ellipse (the two transmission shafts are not parallel), the coordinates of the central point of the two intersected graphs, namely the coordinates of two points on the central line of the transmission shaft to be measured, are solved, and the linear equation of the central line of the transmission shaft to be measured can be obtained.
The surface of a transmission shaft to be measured is circumferentially measured by two displacement sensors which are arranged on a measuring frame and are perpendicular to the central line of a main transmission shaft, two groups of measuring point measuring data which surround the surface of the transmission shaft to be measured are obtained, and the central point coordinates of a track graph formed by the two groups of measuring point measuring data, namely the coordinates of two points on the central line of the transmission shaft to be measured, are obtained according to an ellipse or circular central point calculation formula, so that the linear equation of the central line of the transmission shaft to be measured can be obtained.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for measuring the centering deviation of a transmission shaft is realized based on a centering deviation measuring device, the centering deviation measuring device is used for alignment measurement of a main transmission shaft and a measured transmission shaft, and the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a driving mechanism, a measuring frame, an angular displacement sensor, a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor and a matched control circuit, wherein the driving mechanism is arranged on a rack and used for mounting a main transmission shaft, the measuring frame is fixed on the main transmission shaft, the angular displacement sensor is positioned on the rack and used for measuring the rotation angle of the main transmission shaft, the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are positioned on the measuring frame and used for measuring the transmission shaft to be measured, and the output ends of the angular displacement sensor, the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are connected with the input end of the;
the method for measuring the centering deviation of the transmission shaft comprises the following steps:
setting an end surface central point of a free end of a main transmission shaft as an original point, setting a central axis of the main transmission shaft as a Y axis, setting a horizontal direction perpendicular to the Y axis and passing through the original point as an X axis, setting a vertical direction perpendicular to the Y axis and passing through the original point as a Z axis, and establishing a reference coordinate system; from this, it can be seen that the linear equation of the central axis of the main drive shaft is
=
；
Step two, the main transmission shaft and the measuring frame synchronously rotate for a circle, and the measured transmission shaft is static; when the main transmission shaft rotates by the angle beta, the control circuit records and stores radial measurement data of the transmission shaft to be measured, which are acquired by the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor;
the radial measurement data comprises O1N1、N1Mi1、O2N2And N2Mi2；
Wherein, O1N1And O2N2Respectively substitute for the linear distance from the mounting positions of the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor to the Y axis, N1Mi1And N2Mi2Respectively representing a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensorThe mounting position of the device is spaced from the respective measuring point M1And M2I represents the number of times data are acquired;
step three, according to a calculation formula
separately determine M1And M2A set of coordinates of (a);
in the above formula, a represents the horizontal linear distance from the first displacement sensor to the end face of the free end of the main transmission shaft, and b represents the horizontal linear distance from the second displacement sensor to the first displacement sensor;
step four, according to M1And M2Respectively screening out M1And M2The maximum value and the minimum value of the middle X-axis coordinate and the Z-axis coordinate; and then according to a calculation formula:
separately determine M1And M2Center point P of the formed track1And P2The coordinates of (a);
in the above formula: x1MAXRepresents M1Maximum value of the central X-axis coordinate, X1MINRepresents M1Middle X-axis coordinate minimum, X2MAXRepresents M2Maximum value of the central X-axis coordinate, X2MINRepresents M2The minimum value of the middle X-axis coordinate;
step five, solving the P passing through according to a calculation formula of a straight line formed by two points in space1And P2The linear equation is the linear equation S of the central axis of the transmission shaft to be measured2(ii) a Recombined linear equation S1Obtaining S1And S2The coaxiality D between them.
Further, the rotation angle β is 0.01 to 0.1 °.
Further, the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are self-resetting linear displacement sensors.
The principle of measuring the centering deviation of the transmission shaft is that a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensor which rotate around the central shaft of a main transmission shaft are used for respectively collecting two sets of coordinate sets of measuring points which cross the surface of the transmission shaft to be measured, the coordinate of the central point of the track formed by the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor is obtained by using the coordinate sets, the central shaft equation of the transmission shaft to be measured is obtained by using the two central point coordinates, and finally the coaxiality of the central shaft of the main transmission shaft and the central shaft of the transmission shaft to be measured is calculated, so that the centering installation deviation of the main transmission shaft and the transmission shaft to be measured can be known.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the invention are as follows: the invention simplifies the measuring steps and improves the measuring convenience by improving the structure and the measuring method of the measuring device, thereby being more suitable for industrial production and laying a solid foundation for improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a centering deviation measuring device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the movement trace of the first displacement sensor in the A-A plane;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement locus of the second displacement sensor in the plane B-B;
in the drawings: 1-1 is a main transmission shaft, 1-2 is a measured transmission shaft, 2-1 is a measuring frame, 2-3 is a first displacement sensor, 2-3 is a second displacement sensor, and 2-4 is an angular displacement sensor.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a method for measuring the centering deviation of a transmission shaft is realized based on a centering deviation measuring device, the centering deviation measuring device is used for aligning and measuring a main transmission shaft 1-1 and a measured transmission shaft 1-2, and comprises a driving mechanism, a measuring frame 2-1, an angular displacement sensor 2-4, a first displacement sensor 2-2, a second displacement sensor 2-3 and a matched control circuit, wherein the driving mechanism is arranged on a rack and used for mounting the main transmission shaft 1-1, the measuring frame 2-1 is fixed on the main transmission shaft 1-1, the angular displacement sensor 2-4 is positioned on the rack and used for measuring the rotation angle of the main transmission shaft 1-1, the first displacement sensor 2-2 and the second displacement sensor 2-3 are positioned on the measuring frame 2-1 and used for measuring the measured transmission shaft 1-2, and the measured transmission shaft 1-2 and the main; the output ends of the angular displacement sensor, the first displacement sensor 2-2 and the second displacement sensor 2-3 are connected with the input end of the control circuit; one end of the measuring frame 2-1 is fixed on the excircle of the main transmission shaft 1-1, and the other end is respectively provided with a first displacement sensor 2-2 and a second displacement sensor 2-3 which are arranged in parallel; the first displacement sensor 2-2 and the second displacement sensor 2-3 adopt self-resetting linear displacement sensors; the range of the reset linear displacement sensor is selected and matched according to the diameter of the transmission shaft 1-2 to be measured. The drive mechanism omitted from the construction of the centering deviation measuring device of fig. 1 is used to drive the main drive shaft 1-1 to rotate, which is well known to those skilled in the art and need not be shown in the drawings; the tested transmission shaft 1-2 is arranged on the positioning rack, and when the device runs, the tested transmission shaft 1-2 is static and does not rotate along with the main transmission shaft 1-1.
The measuring method comprises the following steps:
step one, setting an end surface central point of a free end of a main transmission shaft 1-1 as an original point, setting a central axis of the main transmission shaft 1-1 as a Y axis, setting the central axis of the main transmission shaft 1-1 as a X axis in a horizontal direction, setting the central axis of the main transmission shaft 1-1 as a Y axis, setting the central axis of the main transmission shaft to penetrate through the original point as an X axis, setting the central axis of the main transmission shaft to penetrate through the vertical direction; then the linear equation of the central shaft of the main transmission shaft 1-1 is set as S1；
Step two, the main transmission shaft 1-1 and the measuring frame 2-1 synchronously rotate for a circle, and the measured transmission shaft 1-2 is static; every time the main transmission shaft 1-1 rotates by an angle beta, the control circuit records and stores radial measurement data of the transmission shaft 1-2 to be measured, which are acquired by the first displacement sensor 2-2 and the second displacement sensor 2-3;
referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the radial measurement data includes O1N1、N1Mi1、O2N2And N2Mi2；
Wherein, O1N1And O2N2Respectively represents the linear distance between the installation positions of the first displacement sensor 2-2 and the second displacement sensor 2-3 and the Y axis, N1Mi1And N2Mi2Respectively representing the mounting positions of the first displacement sensor 2-2 and the second displacement sensor 2-3 from the respective measuring points M1And M2I represents the number of times data are acquired;
the selection range of the rotation angle beta is within 0.01-0.1 degrees, the rotation angle beta is related to the measurement precision of the method, and the smaller the rotation angle is selected, the more the sampling data is, and the higher the measurement precision is.
Step three, according to a calculation formula:
separately determine M1And M2A set of coordinates of (a);
in the above formula, a represents the horizontal linear distance from the first displacement sensor 2-2 to the end face of the free end of the main transmission shaft 1-1, and b represents the horizontal linear distance from the second displacement sensor 2-3 to the first displacement sensor 2-2;
step four, according to M1And M2Respectively screening out M1And M2The maximum value and the minimum value of the middle X-axis coordinate and the Z-axis coordinate; and then according to a calculation formula:
separately determine M1And M2Center point P of the formed track1And P2The coordinates of (a);
in the above formula: x1MAXRepresents M1Maximum value of the central X-axis coordinate, X1MINRepresents M1Middle X-axis coordinate minimum, X2MAXRepresents M2Maximum value of the central X-axis coordinate, X2MINRepresents M2The minimum value of the middle X-axis coordinate;
step five, solving the P passing through according to a calculation formula of a straight line formed by two points in space1And P2The linear equation is the linear equation S of the central axis of the tested transmission shaft 1-22(ii) a Recombined linear equation S1Obtaining S1And S2The coaxiality D between them.
The further improvement measures are as follows: then according to S1And S2Obtaining S1And S2Included angle alpha, S2Angle alpha to XOY plane1、S2Angle alpha to YOZ plane2、S1And S2The shortest straight-line distance d, S between1And S2The component d of the shortest straight-line distance d in the X-axis direction1、S1And S2The component d of the shortest straight-line distance d in the Z-axis direction2、S1And S2Coaxiality D between the two; the seven values of alpha and alpha1、α2、d、d1、d2And D, reference data which can be used for installing and adjusting the main transmission shaft 1-1 and the measured transmission shaft 1-2 in a centering way.
When the method is implemented specifically, a measuring frame 2-1 is fixed on a main transmission shaft 1-1, a first displacement sensor 2-2 and a second displacement sensor 2-3 are fixed on the measuring frame 2-1, the axis of the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor is located in the radial direction of the main transmission shaft 1-1, and an angular displacement sensor 2-4 is fixed on a rack 1 and can measure the rotation angle of the main transmission shaft 1-1.
Setting the center of the end face of the free end of the main transmission shaft 1-1 as an origin, taking the central shaft of the main transmission shaft 1-1 as a Y axis, taking the central shaft vertical to the Y axis in the horizontal direction as an X axis, and taking the central shaft vertical to the X axis and the Y axis in the vertical direction as a Z axis to establish a coordinate system; the central axis equation of the main transmission shaft 1-1 is
=
。
In the process that the driving mechanism drives the main transmission shaft 1-1 to rotate 360 degrees, tracks crossed by a measuring rod contact and an installation position of the first displacement sensor 2-2 are shown in figure 2, wherein a circular track represents a rotating track of the installation position of the first displacement sensor 2-2, and an ellipse represents a track crossed by the measuring rod contact of the first displacement sensor 2-2; under the special condition that the central axes of the main transmission shaft 1-1 and the measured transmission shaft 1-2 are parallel, the track drawn by the measuring rod contact of the first displacement sensor 2-2 is circular.
When the device is applied specifically, the first displacement sensor 2-2 samples and records the measured transmission shaft 1-2 according to the reading of the angular displacement sensor 2-4 and the rotation angle of 0.1 degree at intervals, wherein N is1Mi1Is obtained by a first displacement sensor 2-2, O1N1Is a fixed value; the sampling data of the first displacement sensor 2-2 totals 3600 groups, and the calculation formula is obtained in 360 degrees/i.
The control circuit carries out calculation analysis on the acquired data and outputs a result, and the calculation analysis method comprises the following steps:
measuring point M1Is calculated by the following formula:
then find M1Coordinates of the objectConcentrating the maximum and minimum X of the X-and Z-axis coordinates1max、X1max、Z1max、Z1minThus, M1Center point P of track formed by coordinate set1The coordinates are
。
With reference to FIG. 3, M is obtained in the same way2Center point P of track formed by coordinate set2，P2The coordinates are
。
According to P1And P2Determining the linear equation S of the central axis of the tested transmission shaft 1-2 by using the two-point space determined linear formula based on the coordinates of the two central points2Is composed of
。
Using the central axis equation S of the main transmission shaft 1-1 and the measured transmission shaft 1-21And S2Separately find S1And S2Angle of (2)
α、S2Angle alpha to XOY plane1、S2Angle alpha to YOZ plane2、S1And S2The shortest straight-line distance d, S between1And S2The component d of the shortest straight-line distance d in the X-axis direction1、S1And S2The component d of the shortest straight-line distance d in the Z-axis direction2、S1And S2The coaxiality D between them.
In the above S1And S2The calculation formula of the included angle α is:
S2the calculation formula of the included angle between the XOY plane and the XOY plane is as follows:
S2the calculation formula of the included angle between the YOZ plane and the YOZ plane is as follows:
S1and S2The shortest straight-line distance d between them is calculated by the formula:
S1and S2The calculation formula of the component of the shortest straight-line distance d in the X-axis direction therebetween is:
S1and S2The calculation formula of the component of the shortest straight-line distance d in the Z-axis direction between the two is:
according to the coaxiality definition, the calculation formula of the coaxiality value of the main transmission shaft 1-1 and the measured transmission shaft 1-2 is as follows:
according to the transmission shaft centering deviation measuring method, the reset linear displacement sensor is adopted to improve the data acquisition precision, the space geometric formula is adopted to calculate the central axis equation of the measured transmission shaft 1-2, and compared with the prior art, the measuring precision and the data processing capacity are greatly improved, the measuring convenience is improved, the method is more suitable for industrial production, and a solid foundation is laid for improving the production efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. A measurement method for the centering deviation of a transmission shaft is realized based on a centering deviation measurement device, and is characterized in that: the centering deviation measuring device is used for alignment measurement of a main transmission shaft (1-1) and a measured transmission shaft (1-2), and comprises the following components: the device comprises a driving mechanism, a measuring frame (2-1), an angular displacement sensor (2-4), a first displacement sensor (2-2), a second displacement sensor (2-3) and a matched control circuit, wherein the driving mechanism is arranged on a rack and used for mounting a main transmission shaft (1-1), the measuring frame (2-1) is fixed on the main transmission shaft (1-1), the angular displacement sensor is positioned on the rack and used for measuring the rotation angle of the main transmission shaft (1-1), the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the second displacement sensor (2-3) are positioned on the measuring frame (2-1) and used for measuring the measured transmission shaft (1-2), and the output ends of the angular displacement sensor (2-4), the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the second displacement sensor (2-3);
the method for measuring the centering deviation of the transmission shaft comprises the following steps:
setting an end surface central point of a free end of a main transmission shaft (1-1) as an original point, setting a central axis of the main transmission shaft (1-1) as a Y axis, setting the central axis of the main transmission shaft (1-1) as an X axis in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the Y axis and passing through the original point, setting the vertical direction perpendicular to the Y axis and passing through the original point as a Z axis, and establishing a reference coordinate system; from this, it can be seen that the linear equation of the central axis of the main drive shaft (1-1) is
=
；
Step two, the main transmission shaft (1-1) and the measuring frame (2-1) synchronously rotate for a circle, and the measured transmission shaft (1-2) is static; when the main transmission shaft (1-1) rotates at an angle beta, the control circuit records and stores radial measurement data of the transmission shaft (1-2) to be measured, which are acquired by the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the second displacement sensor (2-3);
the radial measurement data comprises O1N1、N1Mi1、O2N2And N2Mi2；
Wherein,
and
respectively represent the linear distance of the installation position of the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the second displacement sensor (2-3) from the Y axis,
and
respectively represent the installation positions of the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the second displacement sensor (2-3) from the respective measuring points
And
i represents the number of times data are acquired;
step three, according to a calculation formula
respectively find out
And
a set of coordinates of (a);
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
represents the horizontal straight-line distance between the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the end surface of the free end of the main transmission shaft (1-1),
represents the horizontal straight-line distance of the second displacement sensor (2-3) from the first displacement sensor (2-2);
step four, according to
And
respectively screening out the coordinate sets
And
the maximum value and the minimum value of the middle X-axis coordinate and the Z-axis coordinate; and then according to a calculation formula:
respectively find out
And
center point of the formed track
And
the coordinates of (a);
step five, solving the linear calculation formula formed by two points in space to pass through
And
the linear equation is the linear equation of the central shaft of the tested transmission shaft (1-2)
(ii) a Equation of recombined straight line
To find out
And
coaxiality between them
。
2. The method for measuring the centering deviation of the transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the rotation angle beta is 0.01-0.1 deg.
3. The method for measuring the centering deviation of the transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the first displacement sensor (2-2) and the second displacement sensor (2-3) are self-resetting linear displacement sensors.
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| CN104849056B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-10-10 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | The centering cubing and centering method of Engine Block Test |
| CN107727007B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-04-14 | 广东省计量科学研究院（华南国家计量测试中心） | Method for measuring centering deviation between two shafts |
| CN208333349U (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-01-04 | 三门核电有限公司 | One kind pumping shaft coupling centering outer circle deviation measuring tool for large-scale vertical |
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