CN110577821B - Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110577821B
CN110577821B CN201910904633.8A CN201910904633A CN110577821B CN 110577821 B CN110577821 B CN 110577821B CN 201910904633 A CN201910904633 A CN 201910904633A CN 110577821 B CN110577821 B CN 110577821B
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solution
wave
carbon fiber
predetermined amount
absorbing material
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CN110577821A (en
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杨芾藜
侯兴哲
郑可
刘型志
陈文礼
叶君
周谭杰
张兵
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/30Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/06Elements
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/30Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/3045Sulfates

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite wave-absorbing material and the wave-absorbing material, relating to the technical field of electromagnetic protection and stealth, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder, a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution; preparing a sodium borohydride solution, and simultaneously adding the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution into a reaction tank; after the reaction is finished, the particles in the reaction tank are separated from the solution to obtain the target product. The core and the shell of the material prepared by the method have specific wave-absorbing frequency band and wave-absorbing strength, so that after the core-shell structure is formed by two different materials, the relevant properties of the core-shell structure material can be enhanced under the action of an electromagnetic field.

Description

Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic protection and stealth, in particular to a preparation method of a composite wave-absorbing material and the wave-absorbing material.
Background
The wave-absorbing material is a functional material which can enable incident electromagnetic waves to enter the material to the maximum extent, effectively absorb the incident electromagnetic waves, convert the incident electromagnetic waves into energy in other forms such as heat energy and the like, and then lose the energy or enable the electromagnetic waves to disappear due to interference. The wave-absorbing material plays a vital role in electromagnetic protection in the civil field and electromagnetic stealth in the military field. The traditional wave-absorbing material magnetic metal Fe powder has the advantages of high magnetic conductivity, high saturation magnetization, high Snake limit, large magnetic loss, good temperature stability and the like, and is a wave-absorbing material with development potential and application prospect. However, the high density, the eddy current effect and the skin effect existing in the microwave frequency band cause the reduction of the absorption efficiency of the electromagnetic wave, and the application in engineering is greatly limited. Especially, the electromagnetic wave band in modern radio technology and radar detection technology is widened day by day, and the increasingly higher requirements on the thickness, density, wave-absorbing frequency band and wave-absorbing performance of the wave-absorbing material are provided, which compels the research on the light wave-absorbing material with higher absorption rate of electromagnetic waves in a wider frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a composite wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the core and the shell of the material prepared by the method have specific wave-absorbing frequency band and wave-absorbing strength, and when two different materials form a core-shell structure, the related properties of the core-shell structure material can be enhanced under the action of an electromagnetic field.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by the technical scheme, and the preparation method of the composite wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder, a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution;
preparing a sodium borohydride solution, and adding the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution into a reaction tank at the same time;
after the reaction is finished, the particles in the reaction tank are separated from the solution to obtain the target product.
Optionally, before adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder and a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP to deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, the method further comprises:
a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder is added to a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to be subjected to acid washing.
Optionally, after the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution are added into the reaction tank at the same time, the method further includes:
the solution added to the reaction tank was stirred until the reaction was completed.
Optionally, after the reaction is finished, separating the particles in the reaction tank from the solution to obtain the target product, including:
after the reaction is finished, separating the particles in the reaction tank from the solution by a magnet;
washing the separated particles with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water;
the washed particles are dried to obtain the target product.
Optionally, before adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder and a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP to deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, the method further comprises:
roughening the carbon fiber powder, including:
putting the carbon fiber powder into a strong acid mixed solution for coarsening;
and putting the coarsened carbon fiber powder into an alkaline solution to neutralize the residual acid.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the technical scheme that the wave-absorbing material comprises a dielectric material and a magnetic metal material, wherein the wave-absorbing material takes the dielectric material as a core and takes the magnetic metal material as a shell.
Optionally, the dielectric material is a carbon core, and the magnetic metal material is an iron layer;
the iron layer is a hundred-nanometer iron nanosheet which is formed by aggregating small particles with the particle size of ten nanometers.
Optionally, the carbon core is cylindrical, and the length-diameter ratio is 2.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the core and the shell of the material prepared by the method have specific wave-absorbing frequency band and wave-absorbing strength, so that after the core-shell structure is formed by two different materials, the relevant properties of the core-shell structure material can be enhanced under the action of an electromagnetic field.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of carbon fiber powder and an SEM image of a core-shell type wave-absorbing material prepared by a second example of the method of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the effect of complexing agent (PVP) content on the synthetic product topography of a third example of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the microwave absorption characteristics of the core-shell wave-absorbing composite material/paraffin sample with different mass fractions according to the method of the present invention when the thickness is 3 mm.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The first embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a composite wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1 and 2:
adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder, a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution;
preparing a sodium borohydride solution, and simultaneously adding the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution into a reaction tank;
after the reaction is finished, the particles in the reaction tank are separated from the solution to obtain the target product.
The core and the shell of the material prepared by the method have specific wave-absorbing frequency band and wave-absorbing strength, so that after the core-shell structure is formed by two different materials, the relevant properties of the core-shell structure material can be enhanced under the action of an electromagnetic field.
Optionally, before adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder and a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP to deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, the method further comprises:
a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder is added to a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to be acid-washed.
Specifically, a certain amount of carbon fiber powder is poured into a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the carbon fiber.
Optionally, after the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution are added into the reaction tank at the same time, the method further includes:
the solution added to the reaction tank was stirred until the reaction was completed.
Specifically, the carbon fiber powder after acid cleaning and a certain amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are added into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution. Meanwhile, preparing a sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) solution. And (3) slowly dripping the prepared two solutions into a reaction tank at the same time, and keeping mechanical stirring until the reaction is finished.
Optionally, after the reaction is finished, separating the particles in the reaction tank from the solution to obtain the target product, including:
after the reaction is finished, separating the particles in the reaction tank from the solution by a magnet;
washing the separated particles with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water;
the washed particles are dried to obtain the target product.
Specifically, in the specific implementation process, a strong magnet can be adopted to separate the synthesized particles from the solution, and the particles are washed with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for multiple times, and finally dried in vacuum to obtain the target product.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, before adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder and a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP to deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, the method further comprises:
roughening the carbon fiber powder, including:
putting the carbon fiber powder into a strong acid mixed solution for coarsening;
and putting the coarsened carbon fiber powder into an alkaline solution to neutralize the residual acid.
The roughening treatment can enable the shell layer to grow on the core better, and specifically, the roughening treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber comprises the following steps:
and putting the carbon fiber into a strong acid mixed solution for coarsening. The formula and the process conditions of the coarsening liquid are as follows: soaking at room temperature for 3h.
And putting the coarsened carbon fiber into NaOH solution to neutralize the acid remained on the surface of the coarsened carbon fiber.
The second embodiment of the invention provides a composite wave-absorbing material which comprises a dielectric material and a magnetic metal material, wherein the dielectric material is used as a core of the wave-absorbing material, and the magnetic metal material is used as a shell.
Optionally, the dielectric material is a carbon core, and the magnetic metal material is an iron layer;
the iron layer is a hundred-nanometer iron nanosheet which is formed by aggregating small particles with the particle size of ten nanometers.
Specifically, the wave-absorbing particles are formed by compounding a dielectric material and a magnetic metal material, wherein the dielectric material is used as a core, and the magnetic metal is used as a shell. The dielectric material is a carbon core; the magnetic metal is an iron layer; the iron layer is formed by assembling small particles with the particle size of tens of nanometers in an aggregation mode, and iron nano sheets with the diameter of hundreds of nanometers are formed. Wherein the iron nanosheet is obtained by growing on the surface of the carbon fiber through an in-situ reduction method.
Optionally, the carbon core is cylindrical, and the length-diameter ratio is 2.
The shell of the core-shell structure prepared by the method is a flaky structure which is assembled by gathering dozens of nanometer small particles and has a height of about hundreds of nanometers, so that the skin effect can be effectively avoided, the shell has unique physical characteristics such as quantum effect, small-size effect and surface effect, the cross section polarization, heavy scattering and the like can be enhanced, and the absorption capacity of electromagnetic waves is improved. On one hand, the carbon fiber serving as the core can improve the monodispersity of the Fe nano particles and can also reduce the density of the wave-absorbing particles. The iron nanosheet-coated carbon fiber composite wave-absorbing material is formed by compounding a dielectric loss type wave-absorbing material and a magnetic loss type wave-absorbing material, so that the electromagnetic parameters can be adjusted by utilizing the synergistic effect of the magnetic loss and the dielectric loss wave-absorbing material, the impedance matching characteristic is improved, and the interface polarization relaxation is enhanced, so that the wave-absorbing strength is improved, and the absorption frequency band is widened.
The third embodiment of the invention provides a preparation example of a composite wave-absorbing material preparation method, which comprises the following steps:
the wave-absorbing composite material is formed by compounding carbon fibers and iron powder, wherein the carbon fiber powder is used as a core, and the iron powder is used as a shell; the dielectric material is carbon fiber; as shown in FIG. 3, the carbon fiber is cylindrical, has a diameter of 7 μm and an aspect ratio of 2.
The core-shell wave-absorbing composite material reactant comprises the following components in concentration: carbon fibers (0.142 g, 0.192g, 0.242g, 0.292 g), a reducing agent (sodium borohydride (NaBH 4)) 1.2mol/L, an iron salt (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O)) 0.05mol/L, a complexing agent (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) 0.0015mol/L, and deionized water; the required conditions are as follows: a magnetic field.
In this example, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pouring a certain amount of carbon fiber powder into 0.01mol/l of dilute hydrochloric acid solution to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the carbon fiber.
(2) Adding the carbon fiber powder subjected to acid washing in the step (1) and a certain amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution. Meanwhile, preparing a sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) solution.
(3) The prepared two solutions are slowly dripped into a reaction tank at the same time, and the mechanical stirring is kept until the reaction is finished.
(4) Separating the synthesized particles from the solution by using a strong magnet, washing the particles for many times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and finally drying the particles in vacuum to obtain a target product.
In another embodiment, before step (1), a roughening treatment may be further included, and the roughening treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber includes the following steps:
(1) And placing the carbon fiber into strong acid mixed liquor for coarsening. The formula and the process conditions of the roughening solution are as follows: at room temperature, soak for 3H, HNO3 (d =1.37g · m L-1) 500 ml · L-1, H2SO4 (d =1.84g · m L-1) 500 ml · L-1.
(2) The carbon fiber after roughening was put into a 10% NaOH solution to neutralize the acid remaining on the surface of the carbon fiber after roughening.
The fourth embodiment of the invention provides a preparation example of a composite wave-absorbing material preparation method, which comprises the following steps:
the wave-absorbing composite material is formed by compounding carbon fiber and iron powder, wherein the carbon fiber powder is used as a core, and the iron powder is used as a shell; the dielectric material is carbon fiber; the carbon fiber is cylindrical, the diameter is 7 μm, and the length-diameter ratio is 2.
The core-shell wave-absorbing composite material reactant comprises the following components in concentration: carbon fiber (0.292 g), reducing agent (sodium borohydride (NaBH 4)) 1.2mol/L, iron salt (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O)) 0.05mol/L, and complexing agent (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) 0.00125-0.0024mol/L.
The preparation method of the wave-absorbing particles comprises the following steps:
(1) Pouring a certain amount of carbon fiber powder into 0.01mol/l of dilute hydrochloric acid solution to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the carbon fiber.
(2) Adding the carbon fiber powder subjected to acid washing in the step (1) and a certain amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution. Meanwhile, preparing a sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) solution.
(3) The prepared two solutions are slowly dripped into a reaction tank at the same time, and the mechanical stirring is kept until the reaction is finished.
(4) Separating the synthesized particles from the solution by using a strong magnet, washing the particles for many times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and finally drying the particles in vacuum to obtain a target product.
In another embodiment, before step (1), a roughening treatment may be further included, and the roughening treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber includes the following steps:
(1) And putting the carbon fiber into a strong acid mixed solution for coarsening. The formula and the process conditions of the coarsening liquid are as follows: soak at room temperature for 3H, HNO3 (d =1.37g · m L-1) 500 ml · L-1, H2SO4 (d =1.84g · m L-1) 500 ml · L-1.
(2) The carbon fiber after roughening was put into a 10% NaOH solution to neutralize the acid remaining on the surface of the carbon fiber after roughening.
The influence of the content of the complexing agent (PVP) on the appearance of the synthetic product is shown in fig. 4, and the prepared electromagnetic wave-absorbing material with the optimal appearance is obtained by testing the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material with the optimal appearance through a coaxial method: as shown in FIG. 5, samples having particle contents of 20wt%, 30wt% and 40wt% had minimum RL values of-11.93 dB, -36.82dB and-17.17 dB, respectively, at a thickness of 3 mm. In addition, the RL of the sample with the mass fraction of 40wt% is less than-10 dB, the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.24GHz (11.76 GHz-16 GHz), and the good wave-absorbing performance is shown. When the mass fraction is 30%, the iron nanosheet coating can remarkably improve the wave absorbing performance of the carbon fiber powder, and the minimum RL value is increased from-11.93 dB to-36.82 dB.
The shell of the core-shell structure is a flaky structure which is assembled by gathering dozens of nanometer small particles and has the height of about hundreds of nanometers, so that the skin effect can be effectively avoided, the shell has unique physical characteristics such as quantum effect, small-size effect and surface effect, the cross section polarization, heavy scattering and the like can be enhanced, and the absorption capacity of electromagnetic waves is improved. On one hand, the carbon fiber serving as the core can improve the monodispersity of the Fe nano particles and can also reduce the density of the wave-absorbing particles. The iron nanosheet-coated carbon fiber composite wave-absorbing material is formed by compounding a dielectric loss type wave-absorbing material and a magnetic loss type wave-absorbing material, so that the electromagnetic parameters can be adjusted by utilizing the synergistic effect of the magnetic loss and the dielectric loss wave-absorbing material, the impedance matching characteristic is improved, and the interface polarization relaxation is enhanced, so that the wave-absorbing strength is improved, and the absorption frequency band is widened.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered thereby.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a composite wave-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder and a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution;
preparing a sodium borohydride solution, and simultaneously adding the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution into a reaction tank;
after the reaction is finished, the particles in the reaction tank are separated from the solution to obtain the target product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder and a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to deionized water to form a mixed solution, the method further comprises:
a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder is added to a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to be subjected to acid washing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the sodium borohydride solution and the mixed solution are simultaneously added to the reaction tank, the method further comprises:
the solution added to the reaction tank was stirred until the reaction was completed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein separating the particles in the reaction tank from the solution after the reaction is completed to obtain the target product comprises:
after the reaction is finished, separating the particles in the reaction tank from the solution by a magnet;
washing the separated particles with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water;
the washed particles are dried to obtain the target product.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to adding a predetermined amount of carbon fiber powder with a predetermined amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to deionized water to form a mixed solution, the method further comprises:
roughening the carbon fiber powder, including:
putting the carbon fiber powder into a strong acid mixed solution for coarsening;
and (3) putting the coarsened carbon fiber powder into an alkaline solution to neutralize the residual acid.
6. A composite wave-absorbing material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wave-absorbing material comprises a dielectric material and a magnetic metal material, and the wave-absorbing material takes the dielectric material as a core and takes the magnetic metal material as a shell.
7. The wave-absorbing material of claim 6, wherein the dielectric material is a carbon core and the magnetic metal material is an iron layer;
the iron layer is an iron nano sheet with the diameter of hundred nanometers, which is formed by aggregating small particles with the particle size of ten nanometers.
8. The wave-absorbing material of claim 7, wherein the carbon core is cylindrical, and the length-diameter ratio is (2).
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