CN110576498A - Additive manufacturing device and process for ceramic precursor material - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing device and process for ceramic precursor material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110576498A CN110576498A CN201810585192.5A CN201810585192A CN110576498A CN 110576498 A CN110576498 A CN 110576498A CN 201810585192 A CN201810585192 A CN 201810585192A CN 110576498 A CN110576498 A CN 110576498A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
the invention discloses a device and a process for additive manufacturing of a ceramic precursor material, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing of ceramic materials. The device comprises an optical path system, a supporting screen plate, a lifting mechanism, an atmosphere circulating and switching system, a forming cavity and a strickling mechanism; the optical path system can output laser beams with two wavelengths and is used for scanning a working area; the direct forming of ceramic materials is realized by adopting photocuring and in-situ sintering ceramization technologies, a layer of precursor material is firstly paved, the photocuring technology is adopted to realize the material curing, then the infrared light sintering mode is adopted to ceramize the material, and the direct integrated forming of a complex ceramic structure is finally realized by sequentially carrying out layer-by-layer curing and layer-by-layer sintering. The forming process and the forming device can realize the integrated three-dimensional forming of the precursor material ceramic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing of ceramic materials, in particular to an additive manufacturing device and process for a ceramic precursor material.
background
The main approach to increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio of an aircraft engine is to increase the turbine inlet temperature and reduce the structural weight. The ceramic and the composite material thereof have excellent performance and are the preferable good materials for the hot end part of the engine. With the rigorous service of engine components, higher demands are placed on ceramic and composite material structures thereof. The traditional manufacturing technology is difficult to realize high-precision, mould-free and rapid batch manufacturing of large-size ceramic and composite material components thereof, and the manufactured ceramic structural member cannot meet the performance requirement of long-time reliable service in severe working environments (high temperature, corrosion and strong radiation). The development of more advanced integrated molding technology of ceramic and composite material thereof is urgently needed.
The existing ceramic material additive manufacturing technology mainly comprises selective sintering/melting ceramic powder (SLS), laser synchronous powder feeding and melting ceramic powder (LENS), light-cured ceramic and photosensitive resin Suspension (SLA), three-dimensional printing (3DP), laminated solid manufacturing (LOM) and the like, the principle of the technologies is that ceramic powder is melted and integrally solidified to realize ceramic part preparation, and due to the reasons of stress, defects and the like, the ceramic material additive manufacturing has various technical disadvantages such as: 3DP inner chamber realizes the difficulty, and FDM takes shape slowly, and LOM shaping performance is poor, and SLM/S defect is many, and SLA takes shape internal structure defect is many, the density is not enough etc for the additive manufacturing technique that appears at present stage can't satisfy the demand.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an additive manufacturing device and process for a ceramic precursor material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an additive manufacturing device for a ceramic precursor material comprises an optical path system, a supporting screen plate, a lifting mechanism, an atmosphere circulating and switching system, a forming cavity and a strickling mechanism; wherein:
An optical path system: the laser device can output laser beams with two wavelengths and is used for scanning a working area; the laser beams with two wavelengths refer to a beam with a wavelength of 1064nm and a beam with a wavelength of 355 nm;
supporting the screen plate: the support is positioned below the optical path system and used for supporting the formed part;
the lifting mechanism: the support screen plate is connected with the support screen plate and used for driving the support screen plate to realize the lifting in the Z-axis direction and realize the stability control of the liquid level of the whole ceramic precursor material;
Atmosphere circulation and switching system: for controlling the internal environment (temperature, water oxygen content, etc.) of the forming cavity;
Forming a cavity: the ceramic precursor material is used for containing the ceramic precursor material;
A leveling device: the device is used for realizing the control of liquid level and the control of a forming layer and adopts a rigid scraper structure;
The optical path system comprises a laser, an optical path transmission and scanning system, wherein the laser selects a fiber laser with the power of 500W and the wavelength of 1064nm and an ultraviolet laser with the wavelength of 355 nm; the optical path transmission and scanning system comprises an optical path lens group and a digital galvanometer, and light beams emitted by the laser are transmitted to the digital galvanometer through the optical path lens group; and the digital galvanometer outputs laser to scan the working area according to requirements.
the supporting screen plate adopts a grid lattice structure, so that the flexible support of the whole formed part is ensured; the lifting mechanism is driven by a single-shaft linear motor.
The atmosphere circulating and switching system comprises an air extractor, a water oxygen monitoring device and a temperature monitoring system which are respectively connected with the forming cavity.
And a liquid level control system is also arranged in the forming cavity. The additive manufacturing device also comprises a control system which is used for controlling the scanning action of the digital galvanometer, the action and the power of the laser, the lifting action of the supporting screen plate and the action of the scraper. The control system comprises a galvanometer control system, a laser control system, a self-protection and atmosphere control system and an alarm system; wherein:
the galvanometer control system: the deflection and the movement of the laser beam track are realized by controlling the deflection of the lens group in the galvanometer, and the accurate control of the scanning speed is realized;
the laser control system: matching control over the power of a laser, a laser switch and the like is realized by combining scanning track requirements and adopting a controller based on a PLC framework;
A motion control system: the device is used for accurately controlling the liquid level (through the lifting control of the supporting screen plate) and the action of the scraper;
self-protection and atmosphere control system: the device has the characteristics of self diagnosis, power failure and self starting, and has the functions of pressure and oxygen content control and self-adaptive control;
An alarm system: the repair equipment control system has the conventional functions of alarming, self-locking and the like, and can automatically stop when an accident occurs.
The additive manufacturing process for the ceramic precursor material by using the device comprises the following steps: aiming at the ceramic precursor material, the direct forming of the ceramic material is realized by adopting photocuring and in-situ sintering ceramization technologies; the specific process is as follows: firstly, a layer of ceramic precursor material is paved, the material solidification is realized by adopting a photocuring technology, then the solidified material is ceramized by adopting an infrared light sintering mode, and the direct integrated forming of the complex ceramic structure is finally realized by sequentially solidifying layer by layer and sintering layer by layer. In the process, ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 355nm is adopted for scanning in the photocuring technology; and infrared scanning with the wavelength of 1064nm is adopted during infrared sintering.
the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. The whole manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a precursor material with light and thermal activity is adopted, a layer of precursor material is firstly paved in the forming process, the material solidification is realized by adopting the photocuring technology, then the material is ceramized by adopting an infrared light sintering mode, then a layer of precursor material is paved, and the direct integrated forming of the complex ceramic structure is finally realized by sequentially solidifying layer by layer and sintering layer by layer.
2. the whole device is based on the high-precision unique solidification characteristic analysis of precursor ceramics, adopts a galvanometer to drive laser beam scanning and a guide rail to drive a platform to ascend and descend at high precision to realize the decomposition of the motion process, and can design a reinforced phase laying mechanism in the horizontal direction.
3. the method adopts a galvanometer type laser scanning system with high scanning rate and hopping rate to realize laser scanning of ultraviolet (355nm) and infrared (1064nm) dual wavelengths, and adopts track numerical simulation and experiment to research a numerical compensation method of focal plane light spots under the scanning linear and nonlinear distortion conditions to realize flexible control of focused light spot size and energy.
3. In the aspect of gas circuit component and forming cavity atmosphere control, the whole set of equipment realizes atmosphere optimization of a forming cavity based on the coupling influence rule of the solidification stability characteristic of a precursor on the size precision and the deformation characteristic of a forming cross-linking body, optimizes the position of an integral atmosphere control system (a gas inlet pipeline, a gas exhaust pipeline and a sensor) of the equipment and realizes rapid transition of dissimilar atmosphere in the cavity; and the stability of the atmosphere combination and the gas flow field in the cavity is optimized and controlled, so that the precursor material is uniformly cured under a stable atmosphere condition.
4. in the aspect of forming process control, the whole set of equipment is based on a self-adaptive layering algorithm of part geometric feature analysis, combines performance, precision and efficiency coupling optimization strategy analysis, forms intelligent layering under multiple constraint conditions of structure, performance, precision and the like, performs intelligent planning of a light beam path and optimal combination of parameters based on deformation control, layer morphology and combination quality, and ensures stability control of the whole forming process.
drawings
Fig. 1 is an outline view of an additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
fig. 2 is a diagram of a motion execution system of the present invention.
fig. 3 is a top view of the motion imparting system of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1-an optical path system; 101-a laser; 102-an optical path; 103-optical path lens group; 104-digital galvanometer; 2-a lifting system; 3-a strickling device; 4-a forming cavity; 5-a make-up fluid device; 6-laser beam; 7-mesh plate.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a laser additive manufacturing process and equipment for a ceramic precursor material, which are novel additive manufacturing equipment mainly based on a polymer precursor ceramic additive manufacturing technology of a light/heat curing technology and taking a ceramic precursor as a raw material, and specifically comprise the following steps: the ceramic material is prepared by chemical synthesis of polymer which can be converted into ceramic material by pyrolysis, cross-linking to thermosetting polymer in the additive manufacturing process, and then pyrolysis. The technology has the advantages of designability, machinability, capability of preparing ceramics at low temperature, high precision, high efficiency and the like.
The invention provides a laser additive manufacturing device for a ceramic precursor material, which comprises an optical path system (a double laser and an optical path transmission and scanning system), a supporting screen plate, a lifting mechanism, an atmosphere circulation and switching system, a forming cavity, a strickling mechanism, a control system and the like. FIG. 1 is an overall appearance diagram of the equipment, the whole set of equipment is sealed, and an air exhaust device is arranged outside. Fig. 2 shows a movement executing system of the present invention, wherein the optical path system 1 can output laser beams 6 with two wavelengths, the lifting system 2 drives the mesh plate 7 to lift in the Z-axis direction, the forming chamber 4 contains a ceramic precursor material, and the replenishment liquid device replenishes the ceramic precursor material into the forming chamber.
an optical path system:
The optical path system comprises a laser 101 and an optical path transmission and scanning system, wherein the laser selects a fiber laser with the power of 500W and the wavelength of 1064nm and an ultraviolet laser with the wavelength of 355 nm; the optical path transmission and scanning system comprises an optical path lens group 103 and a digital galvanometer 104, and light beams emitted by the laser are transmitted to the digital galvanometer 104 through the optical path 2 via the optical path lens group 103; and the digital galvanometer outputs laser to scan the working area according to requirements. The whole system adopts optical fiber output, and can provide stable output power and light beam quality. The optical galvanometer is selected as the light beam driving mechanism so as to meet the requirement of fast moving and positioning of the light beam.
Supporting the screen plate and the lifting mechanism:
The supporting screen plate is mainly used for supporting formed parts, and adopts a grid lattice structure to ensure the flexible support of the whole formed part; the lifting mechanism mainly adopts a driving device of a single-shaft linear motor to realize the stability control of the liquid level of the whole ceramic precursor.
Atmosphere circulation and switching system:
The atmosphere circulation and switching system is mainly used for controlling the atmosphere inside the forming cavity, comprises the following components: an air pumping system, a water oxygen monitoring system, a temperature monitoring system and the like.
Forming a cavity:
The device is mainly used for holding precursor materials, placing various liquid level control systems and the like.
the scraping mechanism:
The control of liquid level and the control of a forming layer are realized by mainly adopting a rigid scraper structure.
the control system comprises:
The whole control system mainly comprises the following parts: the system comprises a galvanometer control system, a motion control system, an atmosphere system control unit, an industrial personal computer and power distribution control equipment.
The galvanometer control system: mainly through controlling the deflection of the lens group in the galvanometer, the deflection and the movement of the laser beam track are realized, and the accurate control of the scanning speed is realized.
laser control function: and matching control of the power of the laser, a laser switch and the like is realized by combining with the requirement of a scanning track and adopting a controller based on a PLC framework.
A motion control system: the device is mainly used for the precise control of actuating mechanisms such as liquid levels, scrapers and the like, and ensures the precise control of the whole set of mechanism.
And (3) protection system control: the device has the characteristics of self diagnosis and power failure self-starting, and has the functions of pressure and oxygen content control and self-adaptive control.
the alarm function is as follows: the repair equipment control system has the conventional functions of alarming, self-locking and the like, and can automatically stop when an accident occurs.
the device is used for additive manufacturing of a ceramic precursor material, the process adopts dual-wavelength laser beams to realize three-dimensional integrated formation of the precursor material ceramic, and adopts photocuring and in-situ sintering ceramic technology to realize direct formation of the ceramic material; the specific process is as follows: firstly, a layer of ceramic precursor material is paved, the material solidification is realized by adopting a photocuring technology, then the solidified material is ceramized by adopting an infrared light sintering mode, and the direct integrated forming of the complex ceramic structure is finally realized by sequentially solidifying layer by layer and sintering layer by layer.
In the forming process, the vibration mirror is adopted to drive laser beam scanning and the guide rail to drive the platform to ascend and descend at high precision so as to realize the decomposition of the motion process, and the reinforced phase laying mechanism is designed in the horizontal direction.
The whole set of equipment optimizes the position of the whole atmosphere control system (an air inlet pipeline, an exhaust pipeline and a sensor) of the equipment, and realizes the rapid transition of heterogeneous atmosphere in the cavity; and the stability of the atmosphere combination and the gas flow field in the cavity is optimized and controlled, so that the precursor material is uniformly cured under a stable atmosphere condition.
Claims (9)
1. an additive manufacturing apparatus for a ceramic precursor material, characterized by: the device comprises an optical path system, a supporting screen plate, a lifting mechanism, an atmosphere circulating and switching system, a forming cavity and a strickling mechanism; wherein:
An optical path system: the laser device can output laser beams with two wavelengths and is used for scanning a working area; the laser beams with two wavelengths refer to a beam with a wavelength of 1064nm and a beam with a wavelength of 355 nm;
Supporting the screen plate: the support is positioned below the optical path system and used for supporting the formed part;
The lifting mechanism: the support screen plate is connected with the support screen plate and used for driving the support screen plate to realize the lifting in the Z-axis direction and realize the stability control of the liquid level of the whole ceramic precursor material;
Atmosphere circulation and switching system: the forming device is used for controlling the internal environment of the forming cavity;
Forming a cavity: the ceramic precursor material is used for containing the ceramic precursor material;
A leveling device: the device is used for realizing the control of liquid level and the control of a forming layer and adopts a rigid scraper structure.
2. an additive manufacturing apparatus for a preceramic material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the optical path system comprises a laser, an optical path transmission and scanning system, wherein the laser selects a fiber laser with the power of 500W and the wavelength of 1064nm and an ultraviolet laser with the wavelength of 355 nm; the optical path transmission and scanning system comprises an optical path lens group and a digital galvanometer, and light beams emitted by the laser are transmitted to the digital galvanometer through the optical path lens group; and the digital galvanometer outputs laser to scan the working area according to requirements.
3. an additive manufacturing apparatus for a preceramic material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the supporting screen plate adopts a grid lattice structure, so that the flexible support of the whole formed part is ensured; the lifting mechanism is driven by a single-shaft linear motor.
4. An additive manufacturing apparatus for a preceramic material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the atmosphere circulating and switching system comprises an air extractor, a water oxygen monitoring device and a temperature monitoring system which are respectively connected with the forming cavity.
5. an additive manufacturing apparatus for a preceramic material as recited in claim 1, wherein: and a liquid level control system is also arranged in the forming cavity.
6. an additive manufacturing apparatus for a preceramic material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the additive manufacturing device also comprises a control system which is used for controlling the scanning action of the digital galvanometer, the action and the power of the laser, the lifting action of the supporting screen plate and the action of the scraper.
7. An additive manufacturing apparatus for a preceramic material as recited in claim 6, wherein: the control system comprises a galvanometer control system, a laser control system, a self-protection and atmosphere control system and an alarm system; wherein:
the galvanometer control system: the deflection and the movement of the laser beam track are realized by controlling the deflection of the lens group in the galvanometer, and the accurate control of the scanning speed is realized;
The laser control system: matching control over the power of a laser, a laser switch and the like is realized by combining scanning track requirements and adopting a controller based on a PLC framework;
A motion control system: the device is used for accurately controlling the liquid level and the scraper motion;
Self-protection and atmosphere control system: the device has the characteristics of self diagnosis, power failure and self starting, and has the functions of pressure and oxygen content control and self-adaptive control;
an alarm system: the repair equipment control system has the conventional functions of alarming, self-locking and the like, and can automatically stop when an accident occurs.
8. An additive manufacturing process for a preceramic material using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the process adopts photocuring and in-situ sintering ceramization technologies to realize the direct forming of the ceramic material aiming at the ceramic precursor material; the specific process is as follows: firstly, a layer of ceramic precursor material is paved, the material solidification is realized by adopting a photocuring technology, then the solidified material is ceramized by adopting an infrared light sintering mode, and the direct integrated forming of the complex ceramic structure is finally realized by sequentially solidifying layer by layer and sintering layer by layer.
9. The additive manufacturing process for a preceramic material as recited in claim 8, wherein: in the photocuring technology, ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 355nm is adopted for scanning; and infrared scanning with the wavelength of 1064nm is adopted during infrared sintering.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113968738A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Ceramic precursor slurry for additive manufacturing and additive manufacturing process |
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