CN110574642A - Method for improving yield of tomatoes in sunlight greenhouse in spring by regulating and controlling ventilation mode - Google Patents
Method for improving yield of tomatoes in sunlight greenhouse in spring by regulating and controlling ventilation mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of spring sunlight greenhouse tomatoes by regulating and controlling a ventilation mode, which comprises the following steps of measuring multiple indexes of greenhouse tomatoes with different ventilation modes to obtain: and (3) seedling stage: adopting a south-north ventilation mode in the sunlight greenhouse after the tomato seedlings are transplanted and delayed, and closing the ventilation opening of the top window; and (3) flowering and fruit setting: when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is less than or equal to 850-; when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is more than 850-; mature picking stage: a combined ventilation mode of a south-north-top ventilation mode is adopted; provides a theoretical basis for ventilation regulation and control of greenhouse microenvironment so as to improve the quality and yield of tomatoes.
Description
the technical field is as follows:
The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of spring sunlight greenhouse tomatoes by regulating and controlling a ventilation mode.
Background art:
With the adjustment of modern agricultural industry and the improvement of living standard of people, green high-efficiency agriculture is more and more favored, wherein the tomato has higher nutritional value, the planting scale in north China area is continuously enlarged in recent years, the yield is stably improved, and the tomato is one of the favorite vegetables. According to market research, the tomato production in North China is mainly carried out in sunlight greenhouses, and accounts for more than 80% of the total production scale. Because the greenhouse has closed and semi-closed properties, the change of the internal environment directly influences the growth, water consumption, yield and quality of crops, wherein the opening and closing time and the opening state of the ventilation opening determine the change of internal environment factors.
The ventilation regulation and control of the spring sunlight greenhouse environment is an important factor influencing physiological and ecological indexes of crops, directly or indirectly influences the growth and development of the crops, and the proper ventilation can regulate the change of the spring sunlight greenhouse microenvironment, promote the energy exchange between the greenhouse environment and the external environment, be beneficial to the growth and development of the crops and improve the stress resistance, thereby improving the accumulation of nutrient substances of the crops, finally improving the yield and improving the quality. How to pursue the maximization of the yield and the quality of greenhouse crops is always a problem which is concerned by people, previous researches mostly set several different irrigation amounts or irrigation methods, analyze the influence of different moisture conditions on the yield and the quality of greenhouse crops, the results are not ideal, the yield can be improved but the quality is reduced under the high-water condition, the quality can be improved but the yield is reduced under the low-water condition, and only the irrigation amount or the irrigation method under the ideal conditions of the yield and the quality can be selected, so that the benefit of greenhouse cultivation is reduced. By utilizing the semi-closed characteristic of the greenhouse and regulating and controlling the greenhouse environment, the yield of greenhouse crops is further improved, the quality of fruits is optimized, and the maximization of greenhouse cultivation benefits can be realized. However, most sunlight greenhouses in China currently mainly adopt artificial experience regulation and control, and an accurate and effective environment regulation and control theory is lacked, so that the response of indoor environment change to greenhouse ventilation regulation and control needs to be researched.
The invention content is as follows:
Aiming at the defects and problems that the ventilation regulation and control of the sunlight greenhouse tomatoes are mainly artificial experience regulation and control at present and an accurate and effective environment regulation and control theory is lacked, the invention provides a method for optimizing the irrigation system of the sunlight greenhouse tomatoes by regulating and controlling a ventilation mode.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for improving the yield of tomatoes in a spring sunlight greenhouse by regulating and controlling a ventilation mode comprises the following steps: seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage and mature picking stage;
And (3) seedling stage: adopting a south-north ventilation mode in the sunlight greenhouse after the tomato seedlings are transplanted and delayed, and closing the ventilation opening of the top window;
And (3) flowering and fruit setting: when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is less than or equal to 850-900 ℃, a top-north ventilation mode is adopted, and the ventilation opening of the south window is closed; when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is more than 850-;
Mature picking stage: adopts a north-south-top ventilation mode.
According to the method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the spring solar greenhouse by regulating the ventilation mode, the ventilation time of the spring solar greenhouse is 8: 00-18: 00 per day.
the method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse in spring by regulating and controlling the ventilation mode has the following requirements on the irrigation of the tomatoes in the seedling stage: after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, 20mm of seedling reviving water is poured for reviving, a south-north ventilation mode is adopted, and when the average soil water content of 0-60cm is less than or equal to 65% of the field water capacity, the tomato seedlings are irrigated.
The method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the spring sunlight greenhouse by regulating and controlling the ventilation mode comprises the following steps of: the sunlight greenhouse is characterized in that the accumulated evaporation capacity E of the standard evaporation pan of 20cm is passed throughpDetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
According to the method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the spring sunlight greenhouse by regulating and controlling the ventilation mode, the tomatoes are irrigated in the following modes in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage and the mature picking stage: the greenhouse passes through the accumulated evaporation E of a standard evaporation pan of 20cmpDetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpHas a value of up to 20Irrigating water in +/-2 mm at the irrigation amount of 0.9Ep。
According to the method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse in spring by regulating and controlling the ventilation mode, the standard evaporating dish of 20cm is placed 30cm above the canopy of the tomatoes.
According to the method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the spring sunlight greenhouse by regulating and controlling the ventilation mode, the tomatoes are irrigated in a drip irrigation mode of drip irrigation under a film in the whole growth stage of the tomatoes, a drip irrigation tape is paved on each row of tomato tapes, the distance between drippers of the drip irrigation tape is the same as the plant spacing of the tomatoes, and the flow rate is 1.1L/h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the yield of the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse in spring is improved by providing a combined ventilation mode, and the south-north ventilation mode is adopted in the seedling stage, so that the wind speed can be effectively controlled, the increase of the stem thickness, the leaf thickness, the plant dry quality and the chlorophyll content can be effectively promoted, the ineffective transpiration of plants can be controlled, and the method is of great importance for improving the yield in later period. In the flowering and fruit setting period, a top-north ventilation mode is adopted, and the tomatoes are in a vegetative growth stage, so that the ecological indexes of the tomatoes can be improved, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the formation of the tomato quality is facilitated. In the mature picking stage, a south-north-top ventilation mode is adopted, tomatoes are in a reproductive growth stage, and the ventilation mode can reduce the occurrence of fruit cracking, improve the yield, improve the water utilization efficiency of tomato plants and reduce the water consumption. Different ventilation modes are adopted at different growth stages of the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse, so that the growth requirements of the tomatoes in the greenhouse are met, the quality of the tomatoes is enhanced, and the yield of the tomatoes is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view of the vertical side of the sunlight greenhouse of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different aeration patterns on the plant height of greenhouse tomatoes.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of different aeration patterns on the leaf area index of greenhouse tomatoes.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the photosynthetic rate of greenhouse tomatoes according to different ventilation patterns.
Figure 5 graph of the effect of different aeration patterns on greenhouse tomato transpiration rate.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the distribution of tomato picking amount and picking frequency in greenhouse under different ventilation modes.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
The ventilation regulation and control of the greenhouse environment is an important factor influencing the physiological and ecological indexes of crops, directly or indirectly influences the growth and development of the crops, and the proper ventilation can regulate the change of the greenhouse microenvironment, promote the energy exchange between the greenhouse environment and the external environment, is beneficial to the growth and development of the crops and improve the stress resistance, thereby improving the accumulation of crop nutrients, finally improving the yield and improving the quality. The invention takes the drip irrigation of tomatoes in a sunlight greenhouse as a research object, and systematically discusses the influence of the change of the internal environment of the greenhouse in different ventilation modes on the yield and the quality. The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1: the test is carried out by testers in a sunlight greenhouse of a new-rural ecological test base in 2018, 3-7 months, the area belongs to a continental monsoon climate area in a warm temperature zone, the annual average rainfall and the evaporation capacity are 550 and 1910mm respectively, and the annual average temperature is 14.1 ℃. The sunlight greenhouse structure selected in the embodiment is shown in figure 1, and the greenhouse occupies 510m of land2(60m long and 8.5m wide), dig 0.5m down, east-west trend, sit north to south, cover 0.2mm thick no drop polyethylene film; the sunlight greenhouse is provided with 3 ventilation openings which are respectively positioned at the top (60m multiplied by 30cm), the south side (60m multiplied by 1.5m) and the north side (2cm multiplied by 2cm, N is 19) of the greenhouse, soil in a test area is soil, the average volume weight of 0-60cm, the field water holding rate and the withering coefficient are respectively 1.49g/cm3、0.32cm3/cm3And 0.09cm3/cm3。
The tomato variety used in the test is 'fire phoenix', the seedlings are raised in 2018 in 1 month and 5 days, and the tomatoes are transplanted in 3 months and 10 days, the test adopts an equal-bed planting mode, the bed length is 8m, the width is 0.5m, two lines are planted in each bed, the row spacing is 65cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm. A drip irrigation mode is adopted, a drip irrigation belt is laid on each row of tomato belts, the distance between drippers is the same as the plant spacing, the flow is designed to be 1.1L/h, the growth of the tomatoes is divided into 3 growth stages, namely a seedling stage, a flowering and fruit setting stage and a mature picking stage, and the normal opening time of an air vent is 8: 00-18: 00.
The combined ventilation mode adopted in the tomato growth stage of the embodiment is Z1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Seedling stage (3 months 10 days-4 months 1 day): after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, firstly watering 20mm of seedling reviving water for reviving the seedlings, adopting a south-north ventilation mode in the whole seedling stage, closing a ventilation opening of a top window, and irrigating the tomato seedlings when the average soil water content of 0-60cm is less than or equal to 65% of the field water capacity in the period; in the stage, the south-north ventilation mode is adopted to effectively control the wind speed, so that the increase of stem thickness, leaf thickness, plant dry quality and chlorophyll content can be effectively promoted, the ineffective transpiration of plants can be controlled, and the method is of great importance to the improvement of the later yield.
Flowering and fruit setting period (1/4-12/5): when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is less than or equal to 850 ℃, adopting a top-north ventilation mode, and closing the south ventilation opening; the average accumulated temperature in the same day is more than 850 ℃, and a south-north-top ventilation mode is adopted; the accumulated evaporation capacity E of the greenhouse passing through a standard evaporation pan of 20cm at the stagepDetermining the amount of water to be poured during which the evaporation amount E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep(ii) a Wherein a 20cm standard evaporating dish was placed 30cm above the tomato canopy. The tomato is in the vegetative growth stage in the stage, so that the ecological index of the tomato can be improved, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the formation of the tomato quality is facilitated.
Mature picking period (12 days at month 5-23 days at month 6): adopting a south-north-top ventilation mode, and accumulating the evaporation E during the periodpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep(ii) a In the stage of the tomato growth in reproduction, the ventilation mode can reduce the occurrence of fruit cracking, improve the yield, improve the water utilization efficiency of tomato plants and reduce the water consumption.
Example 2: the conditions of the solar greenhouse, the tomato varieties and the planting mode are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the same parts are not described again, which are different: the combined ventilation mode adopted in the tomato growth stage of the embodiment is Z2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Seedling stage (3 months 10 days-4 months 3 days): after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, 20mm of seedling reviving water is firstly poured for reviving the seedlings, and a south-north ventilation model is adopted in the whole seedling stageClosing the ventilation opening of the top window; the accumulated evaporation capacity E of the greenhouse passing through a standard evaporation pan of 20cm at the stagepDetermining the amount of water to be poured during which the evaporation amount E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Flowering and fruit setting period (3 days at 4 months to 15 days at 5 months): the average cumulative temperature in the same day is less than or equal to 875 ℃, a top-north ventilation mode is adopted, and the south ventilation opening is closed; the average cumulative temperature in the same day is more than 875 ℃, and a south-north-top ventilation mode is adopted; while accumulating the evaporation amount EpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Mature picking period (5 months 15 days-6 months 25 days): adopting a south-north-top ventilation mode, and accumulating the evaporation E during the periodpwhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Example 3: the conditions of the solar greenhouse, the tomato varieties and the planting mode of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the same contents are not described again specifically, except that: the combined ventilation mode adopted in the tomato growth stage of the embodiment is Z3, and specifically comprises the following steps:
seedling stage (3 months 10 days-4 months 2 days): after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, firstly watering 20mm of seedling reviving water for reviving the seedlings, adopting a south-north ventilation mode in the whole seedling stage, closing a ventilation opening of a top window, and irrigating the tomato seedlings when the average soil water content of 0-60cm is less than or equal to 65% of the field water capacity in the period;
flowering and fruit setting period (2 days at 4 months to 12 days at 5 months): the average accumulated temperature in the same day is less than or equal to 900 ℃, a top-north ventilation mode is adopted, and the south ventilation opening is closed; the average accumulated temperature in the same day is more than 900 ℃, and a south-north-top ventilation mode is adopted; cumulative evaporation E of greenhouse through 20cm standard evaporation panpDetermining the amount of water to be poured during which the evaporation amount E is accumulatedpwhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Mature picking period (12 days at month 5-21 days at month 6): adopting a south-north-top ventilation mode; while accumulating the evaporation amount EpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Comparative example 1: solar temperature of comparative example 1The conditions of the greenhouse, the tomato varieties and the planting mode are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the sunlight greenhouse of the comparative example 1 adopts a T1 ventilation mode, namely a top-north ventilation mode, in the whole growth stage of the tomatoes, the ventilation opening of the south window is closed, and the tomatoes are irrigated in the whole growth stage by the accumulated evaporation E of a standard evaporation dish of 20cmpdetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Comparative example 2: the conditions, tomato varieties and planting modes of the solar greenhouse of the comparative example 2 are the same as those of the example 1, except that the solar greenhouse of the comparative example 2 adopts a T2 ventilation mode, namely a north-south-top ventilation mode, in the full growth stage of the tomatoes; irrigation of tomato seedlings in the whole growth stage is carried out by the accumulated evaporation capacity E of a standard evaporation dish of 20cmpDetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Comparative example 3: the conditions, tomato varieties and planting modes of the solar greenhouse of the comparative example 3 are the same as those of the example 1, except that the solar greenhouse of the comparative example 3 adopts a T3 ventilation mode, namely a north-south ventilation mode, in the full growth stage of the tomatoes; irrigation of tomato seedlings in the whole growth stage is carried out by the accumulated evaporation capacity E of a standard evaporation dish of 20cmpDetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
Testing and determining: the present inventors conducted the following measurements on greenhouse tomatoes employing Z1 combined ventilation mode (example 1) and greenhouse tomatoes employing T1 ventilation mode (comparative example 1), T2 ventilation mode (comparative example 2) and T3 ventilation mode (comparative example 3).
a. Soil moisture content measurement
Selecting the middle positions of the two plants, measuring the water content of the soil layer of 0-100 cm by using a TRIME-IPH time domain reflectometer every 7-10 days, repeating for 3 times, and averaging. Measuring one layer at intervals of 20cm, measuring each layer for 3 times, and correcting the instrument by adopting a soil-taking drying method at intervals of 15d (every 10d in the picking period) in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement of the instrument.
Water consumption and Water determination with efficiency
The water consumption of crops is determined by a water balance method, and the calculation method is shown in a formula (1).
ET＝I+P+U-D+ΔW (1)
In the formula: ET is water consumption (mm) over the calculation period; Δ W is the moisture variation (mm) of a soil layer of 100cm in a calculation period; I. p, U, D is the irrigation quantity (mm), precipitation quantity (mm), groundwater supply quantity (mm) and deep layer leakage quantity (mm) in the calculation time period.
Since no precipitation exists in the greenhouse, P is 0; the underground water level of the test area is below 5m, so that crops cannot be utilized, and U is 0; the maximum drip irrigation water amount of the test is 22mm, and the deep layer leakage amount is not generated, so that D is 0. Therefore, the formula (1) can be simplified to
ET＝I+ΔW (2)
The ET value can be obtained from the equation (2) based on the actually measured soil moisture content. After the tomatoes are planted in the test, the tomatoes are all treated by plastic-coated films, and the intertillage evaporation amount can be approximately considered to be zero, so the plant transpiration amount is the water consumption amount.
The Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) are calculated using equations (3) and (4), respectively:
WUE＝Ya/ET (3)
IWUE＝(Ya-YD)/Ir (4)
In the formula: WUE is Water use efficiency (kg/m)3) (ii) a IWUE irrigation water utilization efficiency (kg/m)3)；YaIs the tomato yield (kg/hm)2)；ETaWater consumption for tomato (m)3/hm2)；IrIs the total amount of irrigation water (m)3/hm2)。YDThe tomato yield is the tomato yield when the irrigation is not carried out, no rainfall is supplied in the greenhouse, the tomato can not survive when the irrigation is not carried out, so the YDis 0.
b. Determination of physiological and ecological indexes
Plant height and leaf area: 5 plants with similar growth vigor and representativeness are selected for each greenhouse, the plant height and the leaf area are measured every 7 days, the plant height is measured by a tape measure, and the leaf area is equal to length multiplied by width multiplied by 0.66.
Photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate: determining photosynthetic rate of tomato leaf (P) by using LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis measurement system (LI-COR, USA) on clear and cloudy days during each growth period of tomaton) And transpiration rate (T)r) Randomly selecting tomato plants with uniform shapes and no plant diseases and insect pests, selecting the 3 rd functional leaves below the growth point of the leaves to measure the middle position of the leaves, keeping the measured leaves vertical to sunlight so that the leaves are fully photoinduced, and measuring 12 leaves in each treatment. In order to avoid measurement errors caused by changes of environmental conditions, each measurement process is completed within 30 min.
c. Yield and quality determination
and selecting 20 tomato marks in each ridge in the middle of each greenhouse as representative test yield plants. The number and weight of each treated tomato was recorded as the fruit was ripe and picked.
Each greenhouse randomly selects 6 fruits to measure the quality of the fruits, and the VC, acid and sugar contents of the tomatoes are mainly measured. The distribution adopts 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method to determine Vc, alkali titration method to determine titratable acid, and anthrone colorimetric method to determine soluble sugar.
d. Test results
(1) Greenhouse tomato plant height and leaf area index in obstructed ventilation mode
The influence diagrams of different ventilation modes on the plant height and the leaf area index of the greenhouse tomatoes are respectively shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 2 and fig. 3, the difference between the plant height and the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the greenhouse tomatoes in different ventilation modes gradually increases from 65 days after transplantation, the difference tends to be stable after 90 days of transplantation, and the ventilation mode in the whole growth period is T2 > Z1 > T3 > T1; wherein, in the seedling stage, the greenhouse 1 adopts a combined ventilation mode (Z1) which has the same trend as the greenhouse 2(T1) in mode, the plant height in the seedling stage is stably increased, the diameter of the tomato plant stem is increased in the stage, the effect of strengthening the seedling is achieved, and the overgrowth of the plant is avoided.
(2) Photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of greenhouse tomatoes in mode of ventilation blocking
The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of greenhouse tomato leaves (see fig. 4) were measured in different aeration modes at 4 months, 18 days, 5 months, 12 days, 24 days, 6 months, 5 days and 25 days, respectively, and it can be seen from the figure that the difference in photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate between 4 treatments before 5 months and 12 days was not significant, after 5 months and 24 days, Z1 was higher than T2 than T1 and T3, and after 6 months and 5 days, the difference in photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate was not large at T2 and T3, but both higher than in the greenhouse of T1 aeration mode. Probably due to the fact that T1 is in a high temperature environment during the noon, tomatoes enter a 'noon break state' in advance, and the photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate are reduced. Therefore, the simultaneous opening of the north-south vent is beneficial to water vapor transmission and promotes the growth of tomato plants, but the top window should be closed as much as possible in the seedling stage or in the environment with relatively low external temperature, so that the water vapor output is reduced.
(3) Effect of different Ventilation modes on greenhouse tomato Water consumption, Water utilization efficiency, yield and quality
The water consumption (ET), Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE), yield and quality index results under different ventilation modes are shown in table 1; the results of the single harvest of tomatoes from representative test plants per greenhouse are shown in figure 6.
TABLE 1 influence of greenhouse tomato water consumption, Water utilization efficiency, yield and quality under different aeration treatments
note: the same letter superscript in the same row indicates that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05); the superscripts of different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 1, the tomato yields of 4 greenhouses are 190t/hm2Above, the greenhouse tomato yield in which the Z1 combined ventilation mode is adopted is significantly higher than that of the full-stage single ventilation mode, but the yield difference between the single ventilation modes is not significant. From the single picking point of view in conjunction with fig. 6, the greenhouse picking times for the Z1 and T1 ventilation patterns are advanced compared to the greenhouse picking times for the T2 and T3 ventilation patterns, especially the first 4 picks, because the greenhouse tomatoes ripen earlier using both Z1 and T1 ventilation patterns, the early picking reduces dehiscencefruit, improve tomato yield. However, the greenhouse in the T1 ventilation mode has high water consumption and low water utilization rate, and reaches a significant level with the T2 and T3 treatment groups. From the quality indexes of tomatoes in greenhouses with different ventilation modes, the ventilation modes Z1 and T1 are beneficial to improving the VC content, the soluble acid content and the soluble sugar content of the tomatoes, and the tomato quality is improved.
The combination of the above shows that the tomato yield and tomato quality of the greenhouse adopting the Z1 combined ventilation mode are obviously superior to those of the greenhouse adopting a single ventilation mode, the picking period is advanced, the water utilization rate is improved, and the improvement of the tomato quality is facilitated.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered thereby.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the yield of tomatoes in a spring sunlight greenhouse by regulating and controlling a ventilation mode is characterized by comprising the following steps: tomato growth is divided into 3 growth stages: seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage and mature picking stage;
And (3) seedling stage: adopting a south-north ventilation mode in the sunlight greenhouse after the tomato seedlings are transplanted and delayed, and closing the ventilation opening of the top window;
And (3) flowering and fruit setting: when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is less than or equal to 850-900 ℃, closing the ventilation opening of the south window in a top-north ventilation mode; when the daily average accumulated temperature in the solar greenhouse is more than 850-;
Mature picking stage: adopts a north-south-top ventilation mode.
2. The method for improving the yield of tomatoes in a spring solar greenhouse by regulating the ventilation pattern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ventilation time of the spring solar greenhouse is 8: 00-18: 00 per day.
3. The method for improving the yield of the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse in spring through regulating and controlling the ventilation mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomatoes are irrigated in the seedling stage by watering 20mm of seedling-revitalizing water for revitalizing after the tomatoes are transplanted, ventilating in a north-south ventilation mode, and irrigating the tomatoes when the average soil moisture content of 0 ~ 60cm is less than or equal to 65% of the field water capacity.
4. The method for improving the yield of tomatoes in a spring solar greenhouse by regulating the ventilation pattern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: irrigating the tomatoes in the seedling stage in the following way: the sunlight greenhouse is characterized in that the accumulated evaporation capacity E of the standard evaporation pan of 20cm is passed throughpdetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
5. Method for increasing the yield of tomatoes in a solar greenhouse in spring by modulating the ventilation pattern as claimed in claim 4 wherein: irrigating the tomatoes in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage and the mature picking stage in the following modes: the accumulated evaporation capacity E of the sunlight greenhouse after passing through a standard evaporation pan of 20cmpDetermining the amount of water to be added when the evaporation E is accumulatedpWhen the value of (A) reaches 20 +/-2 mm, the water is filled, and the water filling amount is 0.9Ep。
6. Method for increasing the yield of tomatoes in a spring sun greenhouse by modulating the ventilation pattern as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein: the 20cm standard evaporation dish was placed 30cm above the tomato canopy.
7. Method for increasing the yield of tomatoes in a spring sun greenhouse by modulating the ventilation pattern as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein: in the whole growth stage of the tomatoes, the tomatoes are irrigated by adopting an irrigation mode of drip irrigation under a film, a drip irrigation tape is paved on each row of tomato tapes, the distance between drippers of the drip irrigation tapes is the same as the plant spacing of the tomatoes, and the flow rate is 1.1L/h.
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