CN110573894A - Monitoring system - Google Patents

Monitoring system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110573894A
CN110573894A CN201880017944.6A CN201880017944A CN110573894A CN 110573894 A CN110573894 A CN 110573894A CN 201880017944 A CN201880017944 A CN 201880017944A CN 110573894 A CN110573894 A CN 110573894A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sensing
package
power
fiber
optical fiber
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CN201880017944.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
R·T·拉莫斯
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Fiber Core Co
Fibercore Ltd
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Fiber Core Co
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Publication of CN110573894A publication Critical patent/CN110573894A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
    • G01R33/0327—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect with application of magnetostriction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/35377—Means for amplifying or modifying the measured quantity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
    • G01R15/241—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using electro-optical modulators, e.g. electro-absorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
    • G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
    • H10N30/302—Sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/802—Circuitry or processes for operating piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. drive circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
    • H10N30/852—Composite materials, e.g. having 1-3 or 2-2 type connectivity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
    • H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
    • H10N35/101—Magnetostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. generators, sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/35374—Particular layout of the fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

a power monitoring fiber optic package for a power monitoring sensing system for monitoring and adjusting electrical or magnetic characteristics of a power system or cable is described. The optical fiber package comprises at least one optical fiber, a portion of which is coated with a coating material selected from the range of electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, polarization sensitive, piezoelectric materials; wherein the coating material is a polymeric material. The coated portion of the optical fiber is arranged to provide at least one sensing portion; the sensing portion includes a sensing portion diameter. The present invention aims to provide a lower cost, simpler power monitoring and sensing system capable of sensing disturbances and anomalies in adjacent power systems or cables.

Description

Monitoring system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to monitoring systems, in particular power monitoring systems for grid applications.
Background
grid systems form part of the infrastructure of modern society, but are susceptible to various types of disturbances and anomalies. Knowledge of the state of the grid system through measured parameters such as voltage magnitude, frequency, phase angle and phasor state is used to maintain reliable and stable grid operation. When significant grid disturbances occur, the frequency and phase angle of the electrical signal vary both in time and space.
Currently, there are some techniques available for obtaining data about phasor states. Grid monitoring systems allow measuring frequency and voltage phase angles in high voltage transmission systems using, for example, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), or in low voltage distribution systems using, for example, frequency interference recorders (FDRs).
For the grid system, a current commonly used grid monitoring device is a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). These PMUs measure voltage, current and frequency and calculate phasors, and the set of time-synchronized grid condition data is referred to as phasor data. Each phasor measurement is time-stamped for Global Positioning System (GPS) universal time. When a phasor measurement is time stamped, it is called a synchrophasor. This allows PMUs to take measurements at different locations along the delivery grid or to synchronize and calibrate times by different owners, then combine to provide an observation of the interconnection area of the entire utility. In contrast to conventional monitoring techniques (such as supervisory control and data acquisition system, SCADA) which measure every two to four seconds, PMUs sample at a rate of 30 observations per second. PMUs have become the preferred means for measuring grid anomalies along these lines. PMUs, however, tend to connect to a Wide Area Network (WAN) for devices distributed along the power line carrying GPS data tagged signals, typically using wireless technology to transmit the signals to be processed at the central office. The collected data is then passed to a central server of the utility provider or service provider for further data processing and analysis, such as abnormal event detection and location, or power flow analysis. Devices at the central office, known as Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs), collect phasor data from multiple PMUs or other PDCs, align the data by time-stamping to produce a time-synchronized data set, and pass the data set on to other information systems. The PDC also performs data quality checks and flags missing or problem data (waiting for a period of time, if necessary, to come all before sending the aggregated data set). Some PDCs also store and may down-sample the phasor data so that the phasor data may be directly supplied to applications that use the data at a slower sampling rate, such as SCADA systems.
The high installation costs and large size factors of current equipment currently used in power grid systems have hindered the large scale deployment of these synchrophasors.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a low cost, small form factor system to facilitate large scale incorporation of synchronized phasors in a power grid infrastructure for distributed remote monitoring of phasor state data.
disclosure of Invention
According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a power monitoring fiber package comprising at least one optical fiber having a fiber diameter, a portion of the optical fiber being coated with a coating material selected from the range of electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, polarization sensitive, piezoelectric materials; wherein the coating material is a polymeric material and wherein the coating portion is arranged to provide at least one sensing portion; the sensing portion includes a sensing portion diameter.
Preferably, the polymeric material comprises a resin, and wherein the resin is arranged to be modified such that the polymeric material exhibits a functional property selected from the range of electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, polarization sensitive, piezoelectric properties.
more preferably, the polymeric material resin is arranged to be modified with predetermined, selected monomers or free radicals introduced during the fibre draw polymerisation process.
the system can be used for detecting and locating power grid instability and disturbance in real time by measuring and detecting analog electrical signals carried by the transmission line, such as the voltage amplitude, frequency and phase angle of the electrical signals.
the use of fiber optic packages as sensors is advantageous because of the small size of the optical fibers, their low weight, and the ability to combine many sensors in one or a small number of fibers. Preferably, the sensing portion in the present invention comprises a functional core of an optical fiber.
additional advantages to the optical fiber package of the present invention are provided by sensing electrical and magnetic changes in the coating material used. Preferably, the electrical or magnetic change is sensed as a result of a change in a parameter of the coating material. Preferably, the parameters of the coating material that are influenced include the size of the coating material.
The adjustment of the dimensions of the coating material may have an effect on the sensing portion of the optical fiber. The applied influence may include an adjustment to the strain of the fiber and subsequently to the vibration parameters of the fiber. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the source of the electrical signal or magnetic field is a cable.
In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the sensing section is distributed along the length of an optical fiber, wherein at least one optical fiber comprises at least one grating.
The ability to provide distributed measurements along the length of the fiber provides further advantages to the optical fiber package of the present invention. This facilitates the use of the entire length of the fibre as a plurality of distributed sensors or sensor arrays. The use of fiber optic sensors may allow distributed sensing based on fiber bragg grating technology. Various additional sensing methods may also be used, including rayleigh scattering, brillouin scattering, raman scattering, interferometric techniques, and attenuation or intensity variation techniques.
preferably, the fiber diameter is in the range of 1 μm to 150 μm. In addition, the sensing section diameter is preferably in the range of 10 μm to 1000 μm.
the diameter of the fiber is preferably arranged to provide optimal sensitivity for the sensing system, such that it may optionally contain a plurality of sensing elements. The fiber optic package may include any number of optical fibers that may provide particular advantages for a range of applications.
In a preferred embodiment, the coating material comprises a polymer layer loaded with particles selected from the following ranges: electrostrictive particles, magnetostrictive particles, polarization sensitive particles, or piezoelectric particles.
Preferably, the electrostrictive material includes a polymer layer including polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), polyvinylidene fluoride, or trifluoroethylene.
preferably, the magnetostrictive material comprises a substantially polyurethane-based polymer layer.
Examples of electrostrictive materials are polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or other electrostrictive terpolymers, including vinylidene fluoride (VDF) or trifluoroethylene (TrFE), as shown in US 7078101. An example of a magnetostrictive material is a polyurethane-based material. The coating may also be a combination of other polymers loaded with electrostrictive or magnetostrictive particles. Polymer-based coatings are advantageous due to the ease of deposition.
the manufacture of optical fibers is advantageous when the coating is a polymeric material that can be applied to the surface of the fiber preform or core (which may comprise glass) and polymerized during the fiber drawing process. Electrostrictive or magnetostrictive functionality may be added to the polymeric material, for example by modifying the polymeric material (which may include a resin) by introducing specific monomers or radicals that may be attached to the polymeric material prior to or during the fiber drawing polymerization process. Examples of monomers or radicals that may be introduced in this manner include chlorine-based monomers such as, for example, Chlorofluoroethylene (CFE) -which may preferably be introduced in the form of 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene. Examples of free radicals that can be introduced in this manner include atoms, molecules, or ions having unpaired valence electrons.
using this modification, regions of polar domains may be formed that may be sensitive to electromagnetic fields. Another possibility is to use the self-assembly properties of some of the polymeric chains to align the desired species in a preferred direction. A possible approach is to use a silanization process to bond to the fiber preform or core (which may comprise glass) attaching the sensitivity enhancing substance to the organic function.
Electrostrictive polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride, and magnetostrictive polyurethane-based materials may be used or they may be modified to enhance their sensitivity. It is also possible to use a combination of these materials.
Current technology has not used these materials in optical fiber, fiber stretch polymerization, fabrication of optical sensors, or in applications in the electrical grid.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power monitoring sensing system comprising;
According to the at least one optical fiber package described previously,
wherein the optical fiber package is arranged to detect at least one predetermined parameter associated with the change in the coating material;
At least one input section arranged to provide an optical signal and to receive an optical signal;
at least one detector section arranged to receive the output optical signal.
In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the input section is an Optical Fiber Sensor Instrument (OFSI). This can be used to interrogate the fibre optic sensor. The OFSI may have the function of sending and receiving optical signals so that they can be detected and converted into useful information.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) or Distributed Vibration Sensing (DVS) typically use rayleigh scattering and are used in preferred embodiments of the present invention. The advantage of this system is that the entire length of the fibre can be used as a sensor. Thus, it can sense thousands of meters of fiber and it can be deployed on a DAS/DVS meter at one end of the fiber. Which generally functions by sending one or more pulses of light, preferably in the infrared spectrum, into the optical fiber. Some of the light scattered by the material of the fibers is directed back towards the sensing system. The time required for the signal to return to the DAS/DVS system provides information about the distance at which scattering occurs in the fibre. The characteristics of the signal, such as its phase, are then used to infer vibration, strain, or temperature. A DAS system can be configured to simulate thousands of sensors along a fiber.
A model or algorithm may optionally be used to assist in the interpretation of the signal. It may use known characteristics or predict behavior within the power system or cable and combine with the detected signal to provide a better measurement. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques and/or analytical or parametric models may assist in the modeling. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques can also be used to allow the system to "learn" from experience.
the use of models, algorithms, and/or calibrations may allow the system to distinguish or separate the effects of vibrations or signals from the power system or cable itself, the environment, and/or any other signals. This can be very valuable because, for example, power system or cable resonances, as well as noise from surrounding areas, can have an adverse effect on the quality of the measurements made.
In a preferred embodiment of the sensing system of the invention, the detected parameter is used to infer a characteristic of the power system or cable adjacent or near the fiber optic enclosure, the characteristic being selected from the group consisting of voltage, current phase, range of voltage phases.
Advantageously, a change in the electrical or magnetic properties of the system adjacent or near the fiber package will result in a change in the dimensions of the coating material. The dimensional change of the coating material will then act on the sensing portion of the fiber optic package. The effect exerted may be measured as a change in one of a number of parameters. In a preferred embodiment, the parameters affected include strain and vibration. These strain or vibration changes can be used to infer changes made to the electrical or magnetic properties of the system. The characteristics that can be suitably inferred from these changes are the voltage phase and the current phase of the system.
signal processing techniques may be used to increase the level of detection of a particular frequency to facilitate the electric field phase in each location. In conjunction with DAS technology, the signal analysis process can be particularly powerful.
In a preferred embodiment of the sensing system of the invention, the detector part comprises at least one functional element selected from the group of processing elements, decision elements, control elements, actuation elements.
the present invention provides the advantage that changes in the electrical or magnetic properties of the system adjacent or near the fiber optic package can be detected and acted upon by using the detector portion. In a preferred embodiment, the detector portion includes processing elements and thus has the ability to support additional functions related to information processing, particularly inferred changes in electrical or magnetic properties of the system adjacent or near the fiber optic package. More preferably, the detector portion of the present invention will include decision elements and control elements, providing further improved functionality to facilitate the system being dynamic and acting upon changes in the electrical or magnetic properties of the system adjacent or near the fiber optic package. The detector portion in a more preferred embodiment of the invention will include an actuating element to facilitate a rigorous change in the system in response to detecting a change in its electrical or magnetic properties.
In a preferred embodiment of the sensing system of the invention, the detected parameter is used to control the power available to the power system or cable.
Preferably, the parameter detected is at least one selected from the group consisting of a range of vibration, acoustic energy, strain, temperature.
Preferably, the detection and sensing is arranged using distributed sensing technology, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) or Distributed Vibration Sensing (DVS), and fibre bragg grating technology arranged to detect signals from the fibre.
More preferably, the distributed sensing technique comprises one selected from rayleigh scattering, brillouin scattering, raman scattering, interferometric techniques, bragg gratings, attenuation or a range of intensity variations.
Preferably, signal processing is used to detect the phase of the distribution of the electric or magnetic field.
More preferably, the system is arranged to measure phasor states.
more preferably, the system is arranged to measure phasor states in a grid monitoring system and to allow measurement of frequency and voltage phase angles at any high voltage transmission system.
Preferably, the system is arranged to sense synchrophasor data for grid reliability or usage applications, and to allow real-time operation and offline planning applications.
Preferably, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are used to identify information for applications to enhance grid reliability or usage.
Preferably, the system is arranged to measure phasor states and is applied to any of the following ranges;
a. Operating the application in real time;
b. Wide-area situational awareness;
c. Frequency stability monitoring and trending;
d. Monitoring power oscillation;
e. Voltage monitoring and trending;
f. alarming and setting system operation limits, event detection and avoidance;
g. integrating resources;
h. Evaluating the state;
i. Dynamic line rating and congestion management;
j. Recovering from power failure;
k. operation planning;
Planning and offline application;
Baselined power system performance;
n. event analysis;
o. static system model calibration and verification;
p, calibrating and verifying a dynamic system model;
q, power plant model verification;
r. load characteristics;
s. special protection schemes and islanding;
t. master frequency (management) response.
With an integral system comprising a sensor portion, an input portion and a detector portion, the invention provides the advantage that the system can be remotely monitored to infer changes in key characteristics of adjacent systems or cables. The inferred change in characteristic may then be used to automatically adjust the power available to the system.
according to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of monitoring an electrical power system or cable, wherein the method comprises the use of at least one sensing system as previously described. The monitoring method may use information from the fiber optic package and the sensing system relating to electrical characteristics such as voltage, current, voltage phase and current phase.
Artificial intelligence techniques can be used to interpret the sensing phase in different parts of the sensing fiber. This will enable the operator to make decisions based on the analyzed phase.
Drawings
embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a fiber optic package according to a first aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a cable with a fiber optic enclosure attached according to aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cable 16, the cable 16 may have the fiber optic enclosure 10 shown in FIG. 1 on the cable 16 and/or embedded in the cable 16;
FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a sensing system including a fiber optic package according to the known prior art;
FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a power monitoring sensing system according to a second aspect of the invention; and
fig. 6 shows an arrangement of a power monitoring sensing system according to a second aspect of the invention, comprising a fibre optic package adjacent a cable, an input section and communication with an output section (output section not shown).
Detailed Description
an optical fiber package according to the first aspect is shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shows a fiber optic package 10 having a fiber optic package sensing portion 12 and a fiber optic package coating material 14. The fiber optic package sensing portion 12 is preferably comprised of at least one functional fiber optic core. The optical fiber encapsulating coating material 14 comprises an electrostrictive or magnetostrictive material. In use, the length of fiber optic package 10 coated with coating material 14 includes at least a portion of a sensing element for a power monitoring sensing system 19 (shown in FIG. 5).
The power monitoring sensing system 19 will be used to monitor the electrical and magnetic properties of the adjacent power system or cable. Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment is shown in which the fiber optic package 10 is adjacent or near the cable 16 such that the fiber optic package 10 is wrapped around the cable 16. In use, a change in the electrical or magnetic properties of the cable 16 will cause a change in the parameters of the coating material 14 included in the optical fiber package 10. The change in the parameter of the coating material 14 will include a change in the dimension of the coating material 14. These changes will in turn cause changes in the vibrational and strain characteristics of the fiber sensing section 12. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the fiber optic package 10 may also be arranged in parallel with adjacent cables 16. In a further alternative embodiment (not shown), the fiber optic packages 10 may be arranged in a pattern, such as a sinusoidal wave pattern, around adjacent cables 16.
It will be apparent that other arrangements of the fiber optic package 10 and adjacent cables 16 will be possible. The embodiment shown in fig. 3 provides the fiber optic package 10 at the perimeter of the cable 16. A further embodiment of the present invention is also apparent from fig. 5, wherein the fiber optic package 10 is contained within a cable 16. In use, any of these embodiments may be used alone or in combination to provide accurate detection of anomalies and disturbances of the electrical or magnetic properties of the cable 16. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the coating material 14 may be used to coat a length of the optical fiber package 10. In a preferred embodiment, the coating material 14 is used to coat discrete portions of the optical fiber package 10.
The use of fiber optics packaged within power monitoring sensing systems is known in the art (US5255428A, US6140810A, GB2328278A) and may take the form depicted in fig. 4. A typical configuration of such a sensing system includes an optical fiber mounted at a power system or cable 18 arranged to be interrogated by an input section such as a fiber optic interrogator 20. The data provided by the query is passed to a detector section comprising, for example, a processor and decision maker 22, which in turn provides instructions to a control system or actuating element 24 for adjusting the characteristics of the power system or cable.
Fig. 5 shows a sequence of events for a power monitoring sensing system 19 according to a second aspect of the invention, the power monitoring sensing system 19 incorporating the optical fibre package 10 according to the first aspect of the invention. In use, 26, 28 transmit disturbances or anomalies detected in the adjacent power system or cable 16 to the electrostrictive or magnetostrictive coating material 14 by changing the electrical or magnetic properties of the adjacent power system or cable. 30 which are then transmitted to the fiber optic package sensing section 12 in the form of strain or vibration changes. The vibration variation is then detected via an input section arranged to provide an interrogating light signal and subsequently 32 receive a backscattered signal corresponding to a vibration parameter of the sensing section 12. The backscatter signal is provided by a grating within the sensing portion 12. The received measurements are combined with spatio-temporal parameters and then time/geo-synchronization data is sent 34 to a detector section comprising a processing element 36 and a decision element 38, the decision element 38 being arranged to provide a decision on how to change the power supplied to the adjacent power system or cable 16. The control element 40 is then responsible for controlling the actuating element 42, the actuating element 42 being arranged to influence the power supplied to the power system or cable 16. In use, the detection of changes in the vibration or strain parameters in the sensing portion 12 is combined with geospatial information to help locate the source of the effect. In a preferred embodiment, the geospatial information may be from a GPS receiver. The data processing in the processing elements of the detector section may comprise time synchronization.
Represented in fig. 6 is an embodiment of the invention using a graphical representation of the sensing process, wherein the input section 46 may comprise an Optical Fiber Sensor Interrogator (OFSI) unit. The fiber optic package 10 provides information to the input portion 46 regarding electrical interference and anomalies present in the adjacent cables 16. The illustrated embodiment provides sensing portion 12 at discrete regions 44 within the fiber optic package, discrete regions 44 being shown differently than regions that do not include sensing portion 50. Preferably, the discrete areas 44 comprising the sensing portion 12 further comprise at least one grating (not shown) for providing backscatter of the optical signal to the input portion 46. In use, the input section 46 provides one or more pulses of light to the fiber optic package 10. The resulting backscatter is detected and the deviation from the standard is measured. Interference or anomalies in the electrical or magnetic properties of the adjacent power system or cable 16 cause changes in the parameters of the coating material 14 coating at least a portion of the fiber optic package 10. In a preferred embodiment, the affected parameters include dimensional parameters. As the dimensions of the coating material 14 change, the vibration or strain parameters of the fiber sensing portion 12 will change and be used to infer changes in electrical or magnetic properties in the adjacent power system or cable. The backscatter received by the input section will be considered to be opposite to the standard backscatter expected using the processing elements of the detector section. Deviations from the expected backscattering will result in changes being effected by the actuating element via the decision element and the control element. In a preferred embodiment, the change comprises a change in power supplied to an adjacent power system or cable.
it will be appreciated that the above embodiments are given by way of example only and that various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
for example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that there are many possible combinations of the disclosed elements that are optionally included within a detector unit.
It is also apparent to those skilled in the art that synchronized phasor data may be used in a range of applications to enhance the grid reliability of i) real-time operations and ii) offline planning applications. Some of these applications are classified and listed below:
i) Real-time operation application
i. wide area situational awareness
frequency stability monitoring and trending
Power oscillation monitoring
Voltage monitoring and trending
v. alarm and set system operation limits, event detection and avoidance
resource integration
Status assessment
dynamic line rating and congestion management
ix power outage restoration
ii) operation planning
i. Planning and offline application
Baselined power system performance
event analysis
static system model calibration and validation
v. dynamic system model calibration and validation
Power plant model validation
Characteristic of load
Special protection scheme and islanding
Main frequency (management) response

Claims (24)

1. a power monitoring fiber package comprising at least one optical fiber having a fiber diameter, a portion of said optical fiber being coated with a coating material selected from the range of electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, polarization sensitive, piezoelectric materials; wherein the coating material is a polymeric material and wherein the coating portion is arranged to provide at least one sensing portion; the sensing portion includes a sensing portion diameter.
2. The fiber optic package of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material comprises a resin, and wherein the resin is arranged to be modified such that the polymeric material exhibits a functional property selected from the range of electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, polarization sensitive, piezoelectric properties.
3. the optical fiber package of claim 2, wherein the polymeric material resin is arranged to be modified with a predetermined, selected monomer or radical introduced during fiber draw polymerization.
4. The fiber optic package of any preceding claim, wherein the sensing portions are distributed along a length of the optical fiber.
5. the fiber optic package of any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the optical fibers comprises at least one grating.
6. the optical fiber package of any of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber diameter is in a range of 1 μ ι η to 150 μ ι η.
7. The fiber optic package of any preceding claim, wherein the sensing portion diameter is in a range of 10 μ ι η to 1000 μ ι η.
8. the optical fiber package of any of the preceding claims, wherein the coating material comprises a polymer layer loaded with particles selected from the range of electrostrictive particles, magnetostrictive particles, polarization sensitive particles, piezoelectric particles.
9. The fiber optic package of any preceding claim, wherein the electrostrictive material comprises a polymer layer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, or trifluoroethylene.
10. The optical fiber package of any of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetostrictive material comprises a polyurethane-based polymer layer.
11. a power monitoring sensing system, comprising;
At least one fiber optic package according to any one of the preceding claims,
Wherein the optical fiber package is arranged to detect at least one predetermined parameter associated with a change in the coating material; at least one input section arranged to provide an optical signal and to receive an optical signal; at least one detector section arranged to receive the output optical signal.
12. The sensing system of claim 11, wherein said parameters are used to infer a characteristic of a power system or cable adjacent or near said fiber optic package, said characteristic selected from the group consisting of voltage, current, voltage phase, range of current phases.
13. The sensing system according to any one of claims 11 or 12, wherein the detector portion comprises at least one functional element selected from the range of processing elements, decision elements, control elements, actuation elements.
14. A sensing system according to any of claims 11, 12 or 13, wherein the detected parameter is used to control the power available to the power system or cable.
15. the sensing system according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the parameter detected is at least one selected from the group consisting of a range of vibration, acoustic energy, strain, temperature.
16. A sensing system according to any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the detection and sensing is arranged using distributed sensing technology of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) or Distributed Vibration Sensing (DVS) and fibre bragg grating technology arranged to detect signals from the fibre.
17. The sensing system of claim 16, wherein the distributed sensing technique comprises one selected from the group consisting of rayleigh scattering, brillouin scattering, raman scattering, interferometric techniques, bragg gratings, attenuation, or a range of intensity variations.
18. a sensing system according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein signal processing is used to detect the distributed phase of the electric or magnetic field.
19. A sensing system according to claim 18, wherein the system is arranged to measure phasor states.
20. A sensing system according to claim 19, wherein the system is arranged to measure phasor states in a grid monitoring system and to allow measurement of frequency and voltage phase angles at any high voltage transmission system.
21. A sensing system according to any one of claims 11 to 20, wherein the system is arranged to sense synchrophasor data for grid reliability or usage applications, and to allow real-time operation and offline planning applications.
22. The sensing system according to any one of claims 11 to 21, wherein Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are used to identify information for applications to enhance grid reliability or usage.
23. a sensing system according to any one of claims 11 to 22, wherein the system is arranged to measure phasor states and is applied to any one of the following ranges;
a. Operating the application in real time;
b. Wide-area situational awareness;
c. Frequency stability monitoring and trending;
d. Monitoring power oscillation;
e. Voltage monitoring and trending;
f. Alarming and setting system operation limits, event detection and avoidance;
g. Integrating resources;
h. Evaluating the state;
i. Dynamic line rating and congestion management;
j. recovering from power failure;
k. Operation planning;
planning and offline application;
Baselined power system performance;
n. event analysis;
o. static system model calibration and verification;
p, calibrating and verifying a dynamic system model;
q, power plant model verification;
r. load characteristics;
s. special protection schemes and islanding;
t. master frequency (management) response.
24. A method of monitoring a power system or cable, wherein the method comprises using at least one sensing system according to any one of claims 11-23.
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US20190369170A1 (en) 2019-12-05

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