CN110571533A - power distribution network of MIMO antenna - Google Patents
power distribution network of MIMO antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110571533A CN110571533A CN201910936582.7A CN201910936582A CN110571533A CN 110571533 A CN110571533 A CN 110571533A CN 201910936582 A CN201910936582 A CN 201910936582A CN 110571533 A CN110571533 A CN 110571533A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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Abstract
The invention provides a power division network of MIMO antenna, comprising: a feed power division network and a radiation unit; the radiation units are arranged according to a preset array interval, the radiation units form a plurality of groups of radiation unit modules, and the radiation units in each group of radiation unit modules belong to the same column; the feed power distribution network is used for feeding power to the radiation unit module; the feed power division network comprises a power divider; the power divider is an equal-amplitude power divider, and the power of the output port of each power divider is equal; the phase of each power divider has phase difference; each radiation unit module is declined at a preset declination angle. The invention ensures that the loss of the gain of the radiation unit module caused by amplitude distribution design reaches the minimum; the phase difference between a row of radiating units in the MIMO antenna is more uniform and gentle, the gain loss of the service beam of the MIMO antenna in a large downtilt angle state is effectively reduced, and the gain loss of the service beam of the MIMO antenna in a 0-degree downtilt angle state is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a power distribution network of an MIMO antenna.
background
With the rapid development of intelligent mobile terminals, the wireless data traffic is exponentially increased. The introduction and rapid development of the internet of things put higher requirements on future wireless communication systems.
In a conventional 2D-MIMO (Two dimensional multiple Input multiple Output) technology, a one-dimensional linear array antenna is generally used as an antenna, the number of ports is small, the bandwidth is wide, interference between base stations is severe, the beam direction can only be mechanically adjusted in the horizontal Dimension, energy in the vertical Dimension cannot be concentrated to a user terminal, and communication efficiency is low.
Compared with the traditional 2D-MIMO technology, the 3D-MIMO technology adopts a two-dimensional large-scale planar array for the antenna, and by beam forming, narrower beams can be realized, and the interference between base stations is greatly reduced. In addition, according to the position of the user, the beam can be adjusted and tracked in real time in the horizontal dimension and the vertical dimension, the energy of the beam is always kept concentrated to the user terminal, and the communication quality is greatly improved; meanwhile, the same frequency can serve more users, and the communication capacity is greatly improved.
The large-scale planar array antenna has the advantages that the number of the units is large, the array spacing of the units is reduced under the condition of certain working frequency, the size of the antenna can be effectively reduced, more antennas can be distributed in unit area, the weight is lighter, and the operation cost is reduced. However, the reduction of the antenna array spacing can cause stronger energy mutual coupling between the units, which further causes the antenna isolation to be poor and the directional diagram to be distorted, thereby causing the antenna performance index to be deteriorated and affecting the communication efficiency.
disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem of poor isolation and gain loss of the large-scale array antenna in the prior art or at least partially solve the problem, embodiments of the present invention provide a power division network for MIMO antennas.
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a power division network of a MIMO antenna is provided, including a feed power division network and a radiation unit;
the radiation units are arranged according to a preset array interval, the radiation units form a plurality of groups of radiation unit modules, and the radiation units in each group of radiation unit modules belong to the same column;
The feed power distribution network is used for feeding the radiation unit module;
The feed power division network comprises a power divider;
The power divider is an equal-amplitude power divider, and the power of the output port of each power divider is equal;
The phase of each power divider has phase difference;
each radiation unit module is declined at a preset declination angle.
according to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a MIMO antenna, including any one of the power dividing networks, the decoupling device, the antenna reflector, and the coupling calibration network of the MIMO antenna.
The embodiment of the invention provides a power division network of an MIMO antenna, wherein the amplitude of a power divider is designed in a constant amplitude mode, the power of all output ports is equal, the loss of the gain of a radiation unit module caused by amplitude distribution design is ensured to be minimum, the gain loss of the whole MIMO antenna is reduced, and the gain of the whole MIMO antenna is improved; the phase of the power divider is designed according to a certain phase difference, and a certain downtilt angle is preset in the radiation unit module 201 according to actual requirements, so that the phase difference between a row of radiation units in the MIMO antenna is more uniform and gentle, and the gain loss of a service beam of the MIMO antenna in a large downtilt angle state is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the gain loss of the MIMO antenna service beam is reduced in a 0-degree downward inclination angle state.
Drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a feeding power division network in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a radiation unit in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding power splitting network in a power splitting network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention for feeding a radiating element;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power division module in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power divider in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit module in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power divider and a radiation unit in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a phase lead of 360 ° of an output port of a power divider in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an output port position and a main feeder layout of a power divider in a power division network of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
10, a feed power division network, 101, a transverse power division module interval, 102 and a longitudinal power division module interval; 20. the radiation unit module comprises a radiation unit 201, a radiation unit module 202, a transverse array interval 203 and a longitudinal array interval; 30. the integral structure of the feed power dividing network and the radiation unit; 40. the power division module comprises input ports 401 and 403 and power dividers 402 and 404; 501. 502 is a power divider, 5011-5016 and 5021-5026 are output ports; 60. a radiation unit module; 601-603, a radiation unit, 6011-6014, 6021-6024 and 6031-6034 are feeding points; 701. 702 is a power divider; 80. the output port phase of the power divider; 90. the power divider comprises a power divider layout 901, input ports 902, a central line 903, a radiating surface 904 of a radiating unit and a main feeder line.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a power division network of a MIMO antenna is provided, including a feed power division network 10 and a radiation unit 20; the radiation units 20 are arranged according to a preset array interval, the radiation units form a plurality of groups of radiation unit modules 201, and the radiation units 20 in each group of radiation unit modules 201 belong to the same column; the feed power distribution network 10 is configured to feed power to the radiation unit module 201; the feed power dividing network 10 includes a power divider; the power divider is an equal-amplitude power divider, and the power of the output port of each power divider is equal; the phase of each power divider has a phase difference; each radiation unit module 201 is declined at a preset declination angle.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution network 10, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radiating element 20. The radiating elements in the MIMO antenna are arranged at a preset array pitch as shown in fig. 2. The radiating element 20 is fed through a feed power splitting network 10, an overall structure 30 of which is shown in fig. 3.
the number of channels of the MIMO antenna can be designed according to the practical application, and there are 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 channels in common. The number of the radiation units of each channel can be designed according to the practical application condition. Generally, the number N of the radiation units in 1 channel ranges from 2 to 12, and the N radiation units in 1 channel form 1 group of radiation unit modules 201. The group 1 radiation unit module 201 in fig. 2 is composed of 3 radiation units, but is not limited to 3. The 1 group of radiation unit modules corresponds to 2 channels, the 2 channels correspond to 2 polarizations of the 1 group of radiation unit modules, and the two channels are adjacent. The radiation unit modules are arranged periodically according to the array spacing preset by the radiation units in the radiation unit modules. Preferably, the preset declination angle of the radiation unit module ranges from 0 to 10 degrees.
The feeding power dividing network 10 includes a plurality of power dividers, and the feeding power dividing network 10 feeds the radiation unit 20 through the power dividers. The amplitude of the power divider is designed to be equal, and the power of all output ports of each power divider is equal. The phase of the power divider is designed according to a preset phase difference.
the PCB medium substrate in the MIMO antenna can be designed for 2 layers of microstrip line boards and also can be designed for 3 layers of strip lines. In practical application, the PCB dielectric substrate is generally designed by 2 layers of microstrip lines, and the cost is lower than that of 3 layers of strip lines by more than 50%. The 2-layer microstrip line PCB structure is: the lower layer is a metal floor, the middle layer is a dielectric substrate, and the upper layer is a power distribution network in the embodiment.
in the embodiment, the amplitude of the power divider is designed to be constant amplitude, the power of all output ports is equal, the loss of the gain of the radiation unit module caused by the amplitude distribution design is ensured to be minimum, the gain loss of the complete machine of the MIMO antenna is reduced, and the gain of the complete machine of the MIMO antenna is improved; the phase of the power divider is designed according to a certain phase difference, and a certain downtilt angle is preset in the radiation unit module 201 according to actual requirements, so that the phase difference between a row of radiation units in the MIMO antenna is more uniform and gentle, and the gain loss of a service beam of the MIMO antenna in a large downtilt angle state is effectively reduced; meanwhile, compared with the preset 0-degree downtilt of the radiation unit module, the gain loss of the MIMO antenna service beam is reduced in the 0-degree downtilt angle state.
on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the feed power distribution network 10 includes a plurality of power distribution modules 40, and all the power distribution modules 40 are periodically arranged according to a preset power distribution module interval to form the feed power distribution network 10; each power dividing module 40 includes two power dividers, i.e., a power divider 402 and a power divider 404;
for any of the power dividing modules 40, one power divider 402 in the power dividing module 40 is configured to feed one polarization of a group of radiation element modules 201, and another power divider 404 in the power dividing module 40 is configured to feed another polarization of the group of radiation element modules 201.
The number of the power dividing modules 40 is 0.5 times of the number of channels in the MIMO antenna, and since 1 power dividing module 40 is composed of 2 power dividers, the number of the power dividers is 2 times of the number of the power dividing modules 40.
On the basis of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, each of the power dividers in this embodiment has an input port, such as the input port 401 of the power divider 402, and the input port 403 of the power divider 404. The input port is connected with a channel line of a corresponding coupling calibration network in the MIMO antenna;
The number of the output ports of each power divider is half of the product of the number of the radiation units in each group of radiation unit modules and the number of the feed points of each radiation unit. As shown in fig. 5, the output ports of the power splitter 501 are output ports 5011 to 5016, the output ports of the power splitter 502 are output ports 5021 to 5026, the number of the output ports of each power splitter is half of the product of the number 3 of the radiation units in 1 group of radiation unit modules 201 multiplied by the number 4 of the feed points of 1 radiation unit, that is, 3 × 4 × 0.5 ═ 6, and the number of the output ports of the power splitter 501 and the power splitter 502 is 6. The amplitude of 6 output ports is designed to be constant amplitude, the loss of the gain of the radiation unit module 201 caused by the amplitude distribution design is minimized, the gain loss of the whole MIMO antenna is reduced, and the gain of the whole MIMO antenna is improved
And the output port of each power divider is connected with a feeding point of the same polarization of the corresponding radiation unit in one radiation unit module.
as shown in fig. 6, one radiation element module 60 in the MIMO antenna is composed of 3 radiation elements, each having 4 feeding points. The first radiating element 601 comprises feed points 6011-6014, the second radiating element 602 comprises feed points 6021-6024, and the third radiating element 603 comprises feed points 6031-6034.
As shown in fig. 7, the 1 st output port and the 2 nd output port of the power divider 701 from top to bottom are respectively connected to the 3 rd feeding point and the 1 st feeding point of the radiation unit 1 in the clockwise direction from the lower left corner, the 3 rd output port and the 4 th output port of the power divider 701 are respectively connected to the 3 rd feeding point and the 1 st feeding point of the radiation unit 2, and the 5 th output port and the 6 th output port of the power divider 701 are respectively connected to the 3 rd feeding point and the 1 st feeding point of the radiation unit 3. The power divider 701 feeds + 45 ° polarization of 3 radiation elements in 1 radiation element module.
The 1 st output port and the 2 nd output port of the power divider 702 from top to bottom are respectively connected with the 2 nd feeding point and the 4 th feeding point of the radiation unit 1 in the clockwise direction from the lower left corner, the 3 rd output port and the 4 th output port of the power divider 702 are respectively connected with the 2 nd feeding point and the 4 th feeding point of the radiation unit 2, and the 5 th output port and the 6 th output port of the power divider 702 are respectively connected with the 2 nd feeding point and the 4 th feeding point of the radiation unit 3. The power splitter 702 feeds the-45 ° polarization of 3 radiating elements in 1 radiating element module.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the array pitch in this embodiment includes a horizontal array pitch 202 and a vertical array pitch 203. The transverse array pitch 202 typically ranges from 0.4 λ to 0.9 λ, and the longitudinal array pitch 203 typically ranges from 0.5 λ to 0.9 λ. Typical transverse pack spacing x longitudinal pack spacing is 0.5 λ x 0.6 λ. And lambda is the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band of the MIMO antenna in the free space.
the power division module spacing comprises a transverse power division module spacing 101 and a longitudinal power division module spacing 102; the transverse power division module interval 101 is 1 time of the transverse array interval 202; the longitudinal power division module spacing 102 is n times the longitudinal array spacing 203; wherein n is the number of the radiation units in the group of radiation unit modules. When the number of the radiation elements in a group of radiation element modules is 3, n is 3.
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the radiation unit 20 is a dual-polarized radiation unit fed by 2 points or a dual-polarized radiation unit fed by 4 points; the 2 point-fed dual-polarized radiation units are half-wave radiation units or full-wave radiation units; the 4-point-fed dual-polarized radiation unit is a low-profile microstrip patch unit.
on the basis of the above embodiments, in the present embodiment, in the same polarization feeding point of all the radiation elements of each radiation element module, the relative phase of one feeding point leads or lags the relative phase of the other feeding points by 360 °.
the phase 80 of the output ports of the power splitter is shown in fig. 8, with the phase of each output port of the power splitter being indicated. In a four-point feed 1-division-6-power divider network, the phase difference of a certain port is designed to be 360 degrees, so that when 2 polarization coupling signals are superposed, the wave crest is staggered with the wave crest, the condition that the superposition of the 2 polarization coupling signals is strengthened is improved, and the problem of optimizing the isolation degree is solved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, in the power divider layout 90 in this embodiment, the main feeder line 904 routing of the input port 901 of the power divider is staggered from the radiation surface 903 of the radiation unit; the input port 901 of the power divider is located on the center line 902 between two adjacent radiation units, and is far away from the radiation units as far as possible, so that the energy coupling between the radiation units and the power divider is weakened to the maximum extent, and the isolation and the directional diagram index are improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a MIMO antenna is provided, which includes the power dividing network, the decoupling device, the antenna reflector and the coupling calibration network of the MIMO antenna in any of the above embodiments.
In this embodiment, the amplitude of the power divider in the power dividing network of the MIMO antenna is designed to be constant amplitude, and the power of all output ports is equal, so that the loss of the gain of the radiation unit module caused by the amplitude distribution design is minimized, the gain loss of the MIMO antenna is reduced, and the gain of the MIMO antenna is improved; the phase of the power divider is designed according to a certain phase difference, and a certain downtilt angle is preset in the radiation unit module 201 according to actual requirements, so that the phase difference between a row of radiation units in the MIMO antenna is more uniform and gentle, and the gain loss of a service beam of the MIMO antenna in a large downtilt angle state is effectively reduced; meanwhile, compared with the preset 0-degree downtilt of the radiation unit module, the gain loss of the MIMO antenna service beam is reduced in the 0-degree downtilt angle state.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a power division network of a MIMO antenna is characterized by comprising a feed power division network and a radiation unit;
The radiation units are arranged according to a preset array interval, the radiation units form a plurality of groups of radiation unit modules, and the radiation units in each group of radiation unit modules belong to the same column;
the feed power distribution network is used for feeding the radiation unit module;
The feed power division network comprises a power divider;
The power divider is an equal-amplitude power divider, and the power of the output port of each power divider is equal;
the phase of each power divider has phase difference;
Each radiation unit module is declined at a preset declination angle.
2. the power distribution network of the MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed power distribution network includes a plurality of power distribution modules, and all the power distribution modules are periodically arranged according to a preset power distribution module pitch;
each power division module comprises two power dividers;
for any one of the power division modules, one power divider in the power division module is configured to feed one polarization of a group of radiation element modules, and another power divider in the power division module is configured to feed another polarization of the group of radiation element modules.
3. The power division network of the MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein each of the power dividers has an input port, and the input port is connected to a channel line of the corresponding coupling calibration network in the MIMO antenna;
The number of the output ports of each power divider is half of the product of the number of the radiation units in each group of radiation unit modules and the number of the feed points of each radiation unit;
And the output port of each power divider is connected with a feeding point of the same polarization of the corresponding radiation unit in one radiation unit module.
4. The power division network of the MIMO antenna of claim 2, wherein the array spacing comprises a horizontal array spacing and a vertical array spacing;
The power division module spacing comprises a transverse power division module spacing and a longitudinal power division module spacing;
the transverse power division module interval is 1 time of the transverse array interval;
the longitudinal power division module interval is n times of the longitudinal array interval; wherein n is the number of the radiation units in the group of radiation unit modules.
5. the power division network of the MIMO antenna of claim 4, wherein the horizontal array spacing ranges from 0.4 λ to 0.9 λ, and the vertical array spacing ranges from 0.5 λ to 0.9 λ; and lambda is the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band of the MIMO antenna in the free space.
6. The power distribution network of the MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating elements are 2-point-fed dual-polarized radiating elements or 4-point-fed dual-polarized radiating elements;
The 2 point-fed dual-polarized radiation units are half-wave radiation units or full-wave radiation units;
the 4 point-fed dual-polarized radiation units are microstrip patch units.
7. The power distribution network of the MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein the downtilt angle is in a range of 0-10 °.
8. The power division network of a MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein in a same polarization feeding point of all the radiation elements of each radiation element module, a relative phase of one feeding point leads or lags a relative phase of the remaining feeding points by 360 °.
9. the power division network of the MIMO antenna according to claim 1, wherein a main feeder line of an input port of the power divider is staggered from a radiation plane of the radiation unit;
And the input port of the power divider is positioned on a central line between two adjacent radiation units.
10. A MIMO antenna comprising the power dividing network, decoupling device, antenna reflector and coupling calibration network of the MIMO antenna of any of claims 1-9.
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| CN201910936582.7A CN110571533A (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | power distribution network of MIMO antenna |
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| CN201910936582.7A CN110571533A (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | power distribution network of MIMO antenna |
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| CN111834735A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 武汉虹信科技发展有限责任公司 | Array antenna and base station equipment |
| CN111987424A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Antenna structure, antenna glass assembly and vehicle |
| CN112436277A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-02 | 武汉虹信科技发展有限责任公司 | Array antenna |
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