CN110570010A - Energy management method of distributed system containing heat storage device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy management method of a distributed system containing a heat storage device, which comprises the following steps: distributing electric energy, distributing heat energy, controlling a heat storage device, designing the capacity of the heat storage device and the like; the invention combines the characteristics of electric cooling and heating loads of users, realizes the optimal scheduling of system energy by controlling the storage and release of the heat energy of the distributed system through the heat storage device, improves the control method of the distributed system and the design method of the heat storage device, reduces the heat energy loss of the system, effectively improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, reduces the investment cost and the recovery period of the system, has greater economic advantage and can effectively promote the application of the heat storage technology to the actual distributed system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of distributed systems, and particularly relates to an energy management method of a distributed system with a heat storage device.
Background
The distributed system has the advantages of being close to users, good in renewable energy source access performance, high in energy source utilization efficiency and the like, and is a trend of new energy sources and renewable energy source systems. The Combined cooling, heating and cooling Combined power system (CCHP) with the micro gas turbine as the main power supply integrates power supply, heat supply and cooling, and can realize cascade utilization of energy in a Combined cooling, heating and cooling Combined power supply mode, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate can reach more than 70%, so that the CCHP system becomes the mainstream form of distributed system development.
The CCHP system comprises multiple energy sources for inputting and multiple loads for requiring, the problem of imbalance between the productivity and the energy consumption is more prominent, and the common phenomenon that the system efficiency is high but the energy-saving rate is low exists. The energy storage technology is the key for realizing energy optimization scheduling, and the heat storage is used as a mode with lower cost of unit energy storage capacity, so that the method is easy to popularize into an actual system. However, the existing control method of the distributed system containing the heat storage device cannot effectively play the role of the heat storage system, so that the utilization rate of the distributed system is low, and the optimal scheduling of system energy cannot be effectively realized; meanwhile, the designed capacity redundancy of the energy storage system is large, and the economical efficiency is poor. Therefore, the design of the energy management method and the capacity optimization matching method of the distributed system suitable for the heat storage device has important significance for application and popularization of the energy storage technology in the distributed system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy management method of a distributed system containing a heat storage device, which aims to realize the optimal scheduling of the energy of the distributed system, improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate and the energy saving rate of the system and reduce the investment cost of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
The distributed system includes: the system comprises a gas turbine unit, a waste heat recovery device, a gas boiler, an absorption refrigerator, a heat exchanger and a heat storage device. The gas turbine set is connected with a gas pipe network to obtain natural gas, generate electric energy and recover waste heat by a waste heat recovery device; the gas boiler is connected with a gas pipe network to obtain natural gas and generate heat energy. The gas turbine set and the power grid provide electric energy to meet the electric load demand of users; the waste heat recovery device and the gas boiler provide heat energy, the heat energy is converted into proper cold energy through the absorption refrigerator to meet the cold load requirement of a user, and the heat energy is converted into proper heat energy through the heat exchanger to meet the heat load requirement of the user. The heat energy provided to the user can be regulated by the heat storage device.
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, distributing electric energy;
Step 2, distributing heat energy;
Step 3, controlling the heat storage device;
step 4, designing the capacity of the heat storage device;
The distributed system energy management method sequentially determines electric energy distribution and heat energy distribution according to user day-by-day electric load, cold load and heat load.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: judging day-by-day electric load E of userload(t) rated electric power E of gas turbinemaxIf the gas turbine set is in the t period Eload(t) is greater than Emaxthe gas turbine set runs in a rated state and outputs electric power Ecchp(t)＝EmaxTime interval E of gas turbineload(t) exceeding EmaxThe electric energy is provided by a power grid; if the gas turbine set outputs electric power E in t time periodcchp(t)＝EloadAnd (t), no power grid is needed to provide electric energy.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: according to the gas turbine set hourly output electric power obtained in the electric energy distribution step, the hourly load rate is obtained through calculationObtaining the hourly primary energy consumption G of the gas turbine set by combining the electric efficiency of the gas turbine setcchp(t) combining the heat efficiency of the gas turbine unit and the efficiency of the waste heat recovery device to obtain heat energy Q which can be recycled time by timere(t) combining the conversion efficiencies of the absorption chiller and the heat exchanger to convert the hourly cooling load and the heat load into equivalent thermal energy demand, and summing to obtain the user hourly thermal energy demand Qload(t), the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is Q in the period of treuse(t)＝min(Qre(t),Qload(t)), if the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is more or less than the hourly heat energy demand Q of the userload(t), heat energy is distributed according to the method in the step 3.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step a, calculating each time interval Qre(t) and Qload(t) difference to obtain a time-by-time thermal difference Qdiff(t)；
Step b, an energy storage stage; select all Qdiff(t) periods of time greater than 0, and sequencing in chronological order, determining the energy storage power of the heat storage device according to the following method: taking the hourly thermal difference Qdiff(t) maximum power Q of heat storage devicemax_TESSThe capacity C of the heat storage device not being fullTESS-CTESS(t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters as the real-time power Q of the energy storage deviceTESS(t) storing the surplus portion of the recovered heat energy in the heat storage device; if there is excess, the excess heat is released to the surrounding environment, if Q is still excessivediff(t) > 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
QTESS(t)＝min{|Qdiff(t)|,|Qmax_TESS|,|CTESS-CTESS(t)|}，
Wherein, CTESSCapacity designed for the heat storage device; cTESS(t) is the current capacity of the heat storage device, which represents the sum of the heat energy stored at the current moment, and the initial moment of the energy storage phase is considered to be 0; at the same time, all Q's are combineddiff(t) > 0 period QTESS(t) adding to obtain the total heat energy stored in the heat storage device as Qsto；
Step c, energy releasing stage; select all Qdiff(t) time periods less than 0, chronologically ordered, and the energy discharge power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following method: taking the hourly thermal difference Qdiff(t) maximum power Q of heat storage devicemax_TESSCurrent capacity C of heat storage deviceTESS(t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters and taking the inverse number as the real-time power Q of the energy storage deviceTESS(t) releasing the thermal energy stored in the heat storage device to provideFor user's heat energy demand, if still not reach user's heat energy demand, then the heat energy demand that the user is not satisfied is provided by gas boiler, promptly: if Qdiff(t) < 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
QTESS(t)＝-min{|Qdiff(t)|,|Qmax_TESS|,|CTESS(t)|}，
Initial moment C of the energy release phaseTESS(t) is set to QstoThe current value is obtained by subtracting the energy released at the last moment from the residual capacity at the last moment, and simultaneously, all Q values are obtaineddiff(t) < 0 period QTESS(t) adding and taking the opposite numbers to obtain the total sum of the heat energy released by the heat storage device as Qrel；
Step d, comparing Qstoand QrelIs of a magnitude of (Q)sto＞QrelSelecting all Qdiff(t) a period of time greater than 0, in reverse chronological order, reducing the stored heat storage power of the heat storage device time by time and reducing the total stored heat energy Q synchronouslystoWhen Q issto＝QrelIf yes, executing step e;
Step e, obtaining control over the heat storage device: at Qdiff(t) < 0 period, the power of the gas boiler is controlled by QGB(t)＝|Qdiff(t)-QTESS(t) | is obtained; at Qdiff(t) > 0 time period, the lost heat energy released into the ambient environment is represented by Qloss(t)＝Qdiff(t)-QTESS(t) obtaining.
In step 3, the control of the heat storage device takes the day as a metering period, and the heat energy stored and released by the heat storage device is equal, namely:
In step 3, the design method of the capacity of the heat storage device is as follows: under N typical user design daily conditions, respectively calculating the recovered heat energy in each time intervalWith user heat demandThe difference value of (A) is obtained as a time-by-time thermal difference valueall the time periodSumming to obtain a sumWill be provided withSumming the periods less than 0 to obtain the sum of the insufficient periodsWill be provided withSumming the time periods greater than 0 to obtain the sum of the surplus time periodsfor operating condition X, ifThen:If it isThenX is 1, … …, N, and the capacity of the heat storage device is:
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
The invention designs an energy management method of a distributed system containing a heat storage device, which realizes the optimal scheduling of the system heat energy through the storage and release of the heat storage device energy, reduces the loss heat energy dissipated to the surrounding environment by the system, and effectively improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system; meanwhile, an optimal design method of the capacity of the heat storage device is provided, the initial investment cost of the system is reduced, the utilization rate of the heat storage device is improved, the investment recovery period is shortened, and the method has great economic advantages.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall topology of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a time-by-time electrical load and equivalent time-by-time thermal demand for summer conditions.
FIG. 3 is a time-by-time electrical load and equivalent time-by-time thermal demand for winter conditions.
fig. 4 is a diagram of power distribution in summer conditions.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of power distribution during winter conditions.
FIG. 6 is a control diagram of a thermal storage device during summer conditions.
FIG. 7 is a control diagram of a heat storage device during winter conditions.
Detailed Description
Examples
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for managing energy of a distributed system including a heat storage device includes a gas turbine 10, a waste heat recovery device 20, a gas boiler 30, an absorption chiller 40, a heat exchanger 50, and a heat storage device 60. The gas turbine 10 is connected with a gas pipe network 100 to obtain natural gas and generate electric energy, and waste heat is recovered by a waste heat recovery device 20; the gas boiler 30 is connected to the gas pipe network 100 to obtain natural gas and generate heat energy. The gas turbine 10 and the power grid 200 provide electric energy to meet the electric load demand of users; the waste heat recovery device 20 and the gas boiler 30 provide heat energy, and the heat energy is converted into appropriate cold energy through the absorption refrigerator 40 to meet the user cold load demand, and is converted into appropriate heat energy through the heat exchanger 50 to meet the user heat load demand. The regulation of the system heat energy is realized by the storage and release of the heat storage device 60.
The implementation objects comprise two typical user working conditions of summer and winter, and the time-by-time electric loads and equivalent time-by-time heat demands corresponding to the summer working condition and the winter working condition are respectively shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. The equivalent hourly heat demand is calculated by combining the COP of the absorption chiller and the efficiency of the heat exchanger according to the cooling load and the heating load of the user, and in this embodiment, the COP of the absorption chiller is 1.2 and the efficiency of the heat exchanger is 0.9.
The gas unit of the implementation object is an internal combustion engine, the rated power is 67kw, and the electric efficiency and the thermal efficiency can be obtained by fitting standard characteristic data of a natural air suction type small unit formulated by the American society of heating, refrigeration and air conditioning engineers.
According to the step of electric energy distribution, the 24-hour hourly electric load E is appliedload(t) comparing the rated power value 67kw of the gas turbine set, and obtaining the hourly output electric power of the gas turbine set: when E isload(t) > 67, the output electric power of the gas turbine unit is 67kw, and the insufficient part is provided by the power grid; e.g. the period of 10 working conditions t in summerload(10) 82.59kW, the gas turbine set is operated at a rated state, the output power is 67kW, and the power grid provides 15.59kW of electric energy to the user. When E isload(t) is less than or equal to 67, and the output electric power of the gas turbine unit is Ecchp(t)＝Eload(t), the grid does not provide electrical energy; e.g. period of summer t-5, Eload(5) 40.42kW, then gas turbine set output is 40.42kW, and the electric power is not provided to the electric wire netting this moment. Fig. 4 and 5 illustrate electric energy distribution methods corresponding to summer and winter conditions, respectively.
Chronograph E obtained as described abovecchp(t) andCalculating to obtain a time-by-time load rate PLR (t); the heat energy Q which can be recycled time by time is obtained by combining the electric efficiency, the thermal efficiency and the waste heat recovery device efficiency of the gas turbine unitre(t) of (d). E.g. the period of 10 working conditions t in summercchp(10) 67kW and Emax67kW, PLR (10) is 1, the electrical efficiency is 0.2641, the real-time thermal efficiency is 0.5479, the waste heat recovery device efficiency is 0.8, and Q isre(10) 111.2 kW. By combining the equivalent hourly heat demand of the user, the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user in the period of t can be known to be Qreuse(t)＝min(Qre(t),Qload(t)). In the summer working condition t being 10, Qre(10) 111.2kw and Qload(10) 75.74kW, then Qreuse(10) 75.74 kW; period of 16 summer operating conditions t, Qre(16) 111.2kW and Qload(16) 130.13kW, then Qreuse(16)＝111.2kW。
The capacity of the heat storage device of the distributed system is designed as follows: respectively calculating the summer working condition and the winter working condition for 24 periods to recover heat energy Qre(t) and customer Heat requirement Qload(t) obtaining a time-by-time thermal difference Qdiff(t) of (d). Respectively using Q of all periods of summer working conditions and winter working conditionsdiff(t) summing to give a sum QTdiffKnowing the summer working condition QTdiff292.27kWh winter condition QTdiff-1430.68 kWh. If QTdiffIf > 0, then Q is addeddiff(t) summing the periods less than 0 to obtain a sum Q of insufficient periodsinsufTaking the absolute value as a preselected capacity value; if the summer working condition is greater than 0, the sum of the insufficient periods is-266 kWh through calculation, and the 266kWh is taken as a preselected capacity value. If QTdiffIf < 0, Q is setdiff(t) periods greater than 0 are summed to obtain a sum Q of the margin periodssurplusTaking the absolute value as a preselected capacity value; and if the winter working condition is less than 0, calculating to obtain the sum of the surplus time periods to be 57kWh, and taking the 57kWh as the preselected capacity value. Comparing all the preselected capacity values, the maximum of which is the design capacity of the heat storage device, the design capacity of the heat storage device is 266 kWh.
According to the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to a user and the design capacity of the heat storage device, the energy storage and release control method of the heat storage device is designed by adopting the following method:
In the energy storage stage, all Q are selecteddiff(t) time period greater than 0, chronologicallySequencing and determining the energy storage power of the heat storage device according to the following principle: taking the hourly thermal difference Qdiff(t) maximum power Q of heat storage devicemax_TESSThe capacity C of the heat storage device not being fullTESS-CTESS(t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters as the real-time power Q of the energy storage deviceTESS(t) storing the surplus portion of the recovered heat energy in the heat storage device; if there is excess, the excess heat is released to the ambient environment. In summer, if t is 0, Qdiff(0)＝27.5，Qmax_TESS＝66.5，CTESS-CTESS(0) 266, then QTESS(0) 27.5kW, the total heat energy stored in the heat storage device is Qsto27.5 kWh; in summer, for example, when t is 7, Qdiff(7)＝45.49，Qmax_TESS＝66.5，CTESS-CTESS(7) When the value is 5.31, then QTESS(7) 5.31kW, the total heat energy stored by the heat storage device is Qsto＝266kWh。
In the energy release stage, all Q are selecteddiff(t) time periods less than 0, sequencing in time sequence, and determining the energy release power of the heat storage device according to the following principle: taking the hourly thermal difference Qdiff(t) maximum power Q of heat storage devicemax_TESScurrent capacity C of heat storage deviceTESS(t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters and taking the inverse number as the real-time power Q of the energy storage deviceTESS(t) releasing the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage device to provide the user thermal energy demand; if the quantity is still insufficient, the insufficient part of heat energy is provided by the gas boiler. In summer, for example, the working condition t is 12 periods, Qdiff(12)＝-17.66，Qmax_TESS＝66.5，CTESS(12) 266, then QTESS(12) The sum of the heat energy released by the heat storage device is Q when the sum is-27.66 kWrel27.66 kWh; also for example, in winter, the working condition t is 19 periods, Qdiff(19)＝-80.49，Qmax_TESS＝66.5，CTESS(19) When the value is 0, then QTESS(19) 0kW, the total heat energy released by the heat storage device is Qrel＝57.11kWh。
Comparing Q during the heat storage device storage and release balance check phasestoAnd QrelIs of a magnitude of (Q)sto＞QrelSelecting all Qdiff(t) a period of time greater than 0, in reverse chronological order, reducing the stored heat storage power of the heat storage device time by time and reducing the total stored heat energy Q synchronouslysto, up to Qsto＝Qrelthe procedure is skipped.
According to the above steps, a control method of the heat storage device can be obtained, and fig. 6 and 7 are control methods of the heat storage device corresponding to the summer working condition and the winter working condition, respectively. Then at Qdiff(t) < 0 period, the power of the gas boiler can be changed from QGB(t)＝|Qdiff(t)-QTESS(t) | is obtained; if the working condition t is 19 periods in winter, the heat energy provided by the gas boiler is QGB(19) 80.49 kW. At Qdiff(t) > 0 time period, the lost heat energy released into the ambient environment can be controlled by Qloss(t)＝Qdiff(t)-QTESS(t) obtaining; if the summer working condition t is 7, the system releases 40.18kWh of excess heat energy into the surrounding environment.
The above detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An energy management method of a distributed system with a heat storage device is based on the distributed system, and the distributed system comprises a gas turbine set [10], a waste heat recovery device [20], a gas boiler [30], an absorption refrigerator [40], a heat exchanger [50] and a heat storage device [60 ]; the gas unit [10] is connected with a gas pipe network [100] to obtain natural gas and generate electric energy, and waste heat is recovered by a waste heat recovery device [20 ]; the gas boiler [30] is connected with a gas pipe network [100] to obtain natural gas and generate heat energy; the gas turbine set [10] and the power grid [200] provide electric energy meeting the electric load demand of a user; the waste heat recovery device [20] and the gas-fired boiler [30] are used for providing heat energy, the absorption refrigerator [40] is used for converting proper cold energy to meet the cold load requirement of a user, the heat exchanger [50] is used for converting proper heat energy to meet the heat load requirement of the user, and the heat energy provided for the user is adjusted through the heat storage device [60 ]; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, distributing electric energy;
Step 2, distributing heat energy;
Step 3, controlling the heat storage device;
Step 4, designing the capacity of the heat storage device;
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: judging day-by-day electric load E of userload(t) rated electric power E of gas turbinemaxIf the gas turbine set is in the t period Eload(t) is greater than EmaxThe gas turbine set runs in a rated state and outputs electric power Ecchp(t)＝EmaxTime interval E of gas turbineload(t) exceeding EmaxThe electric energy is provided by a power grid;
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: according to the gas turbine set hourly output electric power obtained in the electric energy distribution step, the hourly load rate is obtained through calculationObtaining the hourly primary energy consumption G of the gas turbine set by combining the electric efficiency of the gas turbine setcchp(t) combining the heat efficiency of the gas turbine unit and the efficiency of the waste heat recovery device to obtain heat energy Q which can be recycled time by timere(t) combining the conversion efficiencies of the absorption chiller and the heat exchanger to convert the hourly cooling load and the heat load into equivalent thermal energy demand, and summing to obtain the user hourly thermal energy demand Qload(t), the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is Q in the period of treuse(t)＝min(Qre(t),Qload(t)), if the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is more or less than the hourly heat energy demand Q of the userload(t), heat energy is distributed according to the method in the step 3.
2. the energy management method of claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises the steps of:
step a, calculating each time interval Qre(t) and Qload(ii) the difference in (t),Obtaining a time-by-time thermal difference Qdiff(t)；
Step b, an energy storage stage; select all Qdiff(t) periods of time greater than 0, and sequencing in chronological order, determining the energy storage power of the heat storage device according to the following method: taking the hourly thermal difference Qdiff(t) maximum power Q of heat storage devicemax_TESSThe capacity C of the heat storage device not being fullTESS-CTESS(t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters as the real-time power Q of the energy storage deviceTESS(t) storing the surplus portion of the recovered heat energy in the heat storage device; if there is excess, the excess heat is released to the surrounding environment, if Q is still excessivediff(t) > 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
QTESS(t)＝min{|Qdiff(t)|,|Qmax_TESS|,|CTESS-CTESS(t)|}，
Wherein, CTESSCapacity designed for the heat storage device; cTESS(t) is the current capacity of the heat storage device, which represents the sum of the heat energy stored at the current moment, and the initial moment of the energy storage phase is considered to be 0; at the same time, all Q's are combineddiff(t) > 0 period QTESS(t) adding to obtain the total heat energy stored in the heat storage device as Qsto；
Step c, energy releasing stage; select all Qdiff(t) time periods less than 0, chronologically ordered, and the energy discharge power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following method: taking the hourly thermal difference Qdiff(t) maximum power Q of heat storage devicemax_TESSCurrent capacity C of heat storage deviceTESS(t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters and taking the inverse number as the real-time power Q of the energy storage deviceTESS(t) releasing the heat stored in the heat storage device to provide the user's heat demand, if the user's heat demand is still not reached, the user's unsatisfied heat demand is provided by the gas boiler, namely: if Qdiff(t) < 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
QTESS(t)＝-min{|Qdiff(t)|,|Qmax_TESS|,|CTESS(t)|}，
At the beginning of the energy release phaseCarving CTESS(t) is set to QstoThe current value is obtained by subtracting the energy released at the last moment from the residual capacity at the last moment, and simultaneously, all Q values are obtaineddiff(t) < 0 period QTESS(t) adding and taking the opposite numbers to obtain the total sum of the heat energy released by the heat storage device as Qrel；
Step d, comparing QstoAnd Qrelis of a magnitude of (Q)sto＞QrelSelecting all Qdiff(t) a period of time greater than 0, in reverse chronological order, reducing the stored heat storage power of the heat storage device time by time and reducing the total stored heat energy Q synchronouslystoWhen Q issto＝QrelIf yes, executing step e;
Step e, obtaining control over the heat storage device: at Qdiff(t) < 0 period, the power of the gas boiler is controlled by QGB(t)＝|Qdiff(t)-QTESS(t) | is obtained; at Qdiff(t) > 0 time period, the lost heat energy released into the ambient environment is represented by Qloss(t)＝Qdiff(t)-QTESS(t) obtaining.
3. The energy management method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the heat storage device is controlled for a daily metering cycle, and the heat energy stored and released by the heat storage device is equal, namely:
4. The energy management method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the capacity of the heat storage device is designed by: under N typical user design daily conditions, respectively calculating the recovered heat energy Q in each time intervalX re(t) and customer Heat requirement QX load(t) obtaining a time-by-time thermal difference QX diff(t), Q of the whole periodX diff(t) summing to give a sum QX TdiffIs mixing Q withX diff(t) summing the periods less than 0 to obtain a sum Q of insufficient periodsX insufIs mixing Q withX diff(t) summing the time periods greater than 0 to obtain a sum Q of the surplus time periodsX surplusfor operating condition X, ifThenIf it isThenThe capacity of the heat storage device is as follows:
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