CN110568619A - Device and method for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in square array - Google Patents
Device and method for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in square array Download PDFInfo
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- CN110568619A CN110568619A CN201910768624.0A CN201910768624A CN110568619A CN 110568619 A CN110568619 A CN 110568619A CN 201910768624 A CN201910768624 A CN 201910768624A CN 110568619 A CN110568619 A CN 110568619A
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, which comprises the following steps: a light source; the beam expanding collimating lens is used for expanding the light into a large-caliber parallel light beam; the binary phase plate is used for modulating the wave front of the light field of the large-aperture parallel light beam; the first Fourier lens is used for obtaining the frequency spectrum of the light field passing through the binary phase plate at the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens; the filter is placed on a frequency spectrum surface of the light field, allows the central light spot and the symmetrical light spots around the central light spot to pass, and simultaneously performs phase modulation on the passing symmetrical light spots; the second Fourier lens is used for converting the symmetrical light spots after phase modulation into symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, and the parallel light beams are interfered to generate a space diffraction invariant light spot array; the central light spot is converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the direction of the optical axis, and the parallel light beam interferes with the diffraction invariant light spot array to form an array light field with intensity distribution having a bottle-shaped light beam structure in space.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a method and a device for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array.
background
A bottle-shaped light beam is a light beam having a specific intensity distribution in space, the intensity distribution having a region in space with zero intensity, and the intensity of the three-dimensional light field outside this region is not equal to zero, similar to a sealed bottle. The bottle beam can be used as a laser conduit for trapping particles, molecules, etc.
At present, some methods for generating bottle-shaped light beams have been proposed in the prior art, such as a one-dimensional bottle-shaped light beam array formed by double Bessel light beam interference based on a biaxial cone mirror method. The inventors have found that the method of generating a high dimensional array of bottle-shaped beams is almost unaffiliated.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the basic theory of multi-beam interference, the periodic binary phase plate is used, the zero-order component of the optical field is additionally obtained as reference light by changing the phase modulation characteristic of the binary phase plate, the frequency spectrum of the optical field passing through the binary phase plate is correspondingly modulated in a purposeful manner, the purpose of multi-beam interference is realized by utilizing a simpler optical path, and the three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beam with square arrangement is generated.
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The invention provides a device for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, which comprises:
A light source;
The beam expanding collimating lens is arranged in the direction of light emitted by the light source and used for converting the light from the light source into a large-caliber parallel light beam;
The binary phase plate is arranged at the rear end of the beam expanding collimating lens and is used for modulating the wave front of the light field of the large-aperture parallel light beam;
The first Fourier lens is arranged at the rear end of the binary phase plate, and the frequency spectrum of the light field passing through the binary phase plate is arranged on the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens;
The filter is placed on a frequency spectrum surface of the light field, allows the central light spot and the symmetrical light spots around the central light spot to pass, and simultaneously performs phase modulation on the passing symmetrical light spots;
The second Fourier lens is arranged at the rear end of the filter and used for converting the symmetrical light spots after phase modulation into symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, and the parallel light beams are interfered to generate a space diffraction invariant light spot array; the central light spot is converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the direction of the optical axis, and the parallel light beam interferes with the diffraction invariant light spot array to form an array light field with intensity distribution having a bottle-shaped light beam structure in space.
Further, the light source is a laser light source.
and the CCD is arranged at the rear end of the second Fourier lens and is used for recording the intensity distribution of the array light field with the bottle-shaped light beam structure.
As a further example, the binary phase plate is used to generate a square light spot array, and a plurality of grid structures are etched on a substrate of the binary phase plate, wherein the gray scale of one grid structure is greater than that of the other grid structure; the two grid structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed;
as a further example, the binary phase plate is used to generate a rectangular light spot array, and a plurality of rectangular structures are etched on a substrate of the binary phase plate, wherein the gray scale of one rectangular structure is greater than that of the other rectangular structure; the two rectangular structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
As a further step, the binary phase plate is used for generating a triangular light spot array, a plurality of square grid structures are etched on a substrate of the binary phase plate, all the square grid structures are divided into two types, one square grid structure is internally divided into four isosceles right triangles, and the gray scales of the upper triangle and the lower triangle are greater than the gray scales of the left triangle and the right triangle; the interior of the other square grid structure is also divided into four isosceles right triangles, and the gray scales of the upper triangle and the lower triangle are smaller than those of the left triangle and the right triangle; the two grid structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
The invention discloses a device for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, which is applied to an information transmission device and is used for information transmission.
the invention discloses a device for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, which is applied to a material processing device and used for processing materials.
the device for generating the three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in the square array is applied to a particle control device and can carry out directional optical transport on micron-sized particles.
the invention discloses a device for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, which is applied to a particle shunting device to shunt particles.
The device for generating the three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in the square array can be applied to the field of cold atoms and can effectively bind the atoms.
The invention also provides a method for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array,
the laser beam passes through the beam expanding collimating mirror to obtain a large-caliber parallel light beam; the large-aperture light beam is modulated in the wave front of a light field after passing through a periodic binary phase plate, after passing through a first Fourier lens, the frequency spectrum of the light field is obtained at the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens, a filter is arranged at the frequency spectrum plane, when a plurality of symmetrical light spots close to a central light spot are allowed to pass through, the symmetrical light spots are subjected to phase modulation, after passing through a second Fourier lens, the symmetrical light spots subjected to phase modulation are converted into a plurality of symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, the parallel light beams are interfered, a space diffraction invariant light field is generated in the optical axis direction, the phase values of the plurality of symmetrical light spots are reasonably adjusted, and the diffraction invariant light field can be a round, square or triangular light spot with square arrangement;
then, the light spot (direct current component) at the center of the spatial frequency spectrum passes through a filter and is converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the optical axis direction after passing through a second Fourier lens, and the light beam interferes with the diffraction-invariant light spot array.
As a further technical solution, in order to obtain a bottle-shaped light beam with a three-dimensional array with a good effect, the parallel light beam corresponding to the dc component and the diffraction-invariant spot array should have the same maximum complex amplitude, which can be achieved by changing the phase modulation amount of the binary phase plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can easily obtain the three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beam with square arrangement, has the excellent characteristics of high energy utilization rate and simple and easily realized light path, and has certain application space in the fields of material processing, particle shunting, cold atom and the like. Ideally, the energy utilization rate of the method can exceed 80%, and the method is expected to enable the three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams with square arrangement to be widely applied to scientific research and production life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram in a disclosed embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2(a1) is a binary phase plate used to produce a square array of spots;
FIG. 2(b1) is a spatial spectrum distribution plot corresponding to the light field through the binary phase plate shown in FIG. 2(a 1);
FIG. 2(a2) is a binary phase plate used to produce a rectangular array of spots;
FIG. 2(b2) is a spatial spectrum distribution plot corresponding to the light field through the binary phase plate shown in FIG. 2(a 2);
FIG. 2(a3) is a binary phase plate used to produce circular and triangular arrays of spots;
FIG. 2(b3) is a spatial spectrum distribution plot corresponding to the light field through the binary phase plate shown in FIG. 2(a 3);
FIG. 3(a) is a filter disposed behind FIG. 2(a 1);
FIG. 3(b) shows a filter disposed behind FIG. 2(a 2);
Fig. 3(c) shows a filter disposed at the rear of fig. 2(a 3);
Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are phase distributions of four point sources for generating an array of spots;
FIG. 4(c) is a phase distribution of eight point sources used to generate an array of spots;
FIG. 4(d) is a phase distribution of eight point sources used to generate an array of spots;
FIGS. 5(a1) and 5(b1) are normalized intensity and phase distributions of square array spots generated by the four point sources shown in FIG. 4 (a);
FIGS. 5(a2) and 5(b2) are normalized intensity distribution and phase distribution of array spots generated by the four point sources shown in FIG. 4 (b);
FIGS. 5(a3) and 5(b3) are normalized intensity and phase distributions of square array spots generated by the eight point sources shown in FIG. 4 (c);
FIGS. 5(a4) and 5(b4) are normalized intensity distribution and phase distribution of array spots generated by the eight point sources shown in FIG. 4 (d);
FIG. 6(a) is a diagram showing the distribution of light intensity of a light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of a CCD;
FIG. 6(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 6(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 6(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 6(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 6(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis1the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 6(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 6(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis1the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(a) is a diagram showing the distribution of light intensity of a light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of a CCD;
FIG. 7(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis2the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis2the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 7(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
Fig. 8(a) shows the light intensity distribution of the light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of the CCD.
FIG. 8(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 8(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 8(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 8(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 8(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 8(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 8(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(a) is a diagram showing the distribution of light intensity of a light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of a CCD;
FIG. 9(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
FIG. 9(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution condition of the corresponding light field;
in the figure: the device comprises a laser light source 1, a beam expanding collimating lens 2, a binary period phase plate 3, a first Fourier lens 4, a filter 5, a second Fourier lens 6 and a CCD 7.
Detailed Description
it should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
as described in the background section, several methods of generating a bottle-shaped beam have been proposed in the prior art, typically as a one-dimensional bottle-shaped beam array formed by double bessel beam interference based on a biaxial cone mirror method. The inventor finds that the method for generating the high-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beam is almost unattended, and the high-efficiency generation of the high-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beam has great application value in the fields of cold atom capture, material processing, particle shunting and the like.
the noun explains: the large-caliber parallel light beam in the invention refers to a light beam with a caliber larger than 1 cm.
Example 1
the optical path diagram of the device for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array is shown in figure 1. In fig. 1, the device comprises a laser light source 1, a beam expanding collimator 2, a binary period phase plate 3, a first fourier lens 4, a filter 5, a second fourier lens 6 and a CCD 7; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
a laser light source 1 for generating laser light;
The beam expanding collimating lens 2 is arranged in the direction of light emitted by the light source and used for converting the light from the light source into a large-caliber parallel light beam;
the binary phase plate 3 is arranged at the rear end of the beam expanding collimating lens and is used for modulating the wave front of the light field of the large-caliber parallel light beam;
the first Fourier lens 4 is arranged at the rear end of the binary phase plate, and the frequency spectrum of the light field passing through the binary phase plate is arranged on the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens;
The filter 5 is placed at the frequency spectrum plane of the light field, allows the central light spot and the symmetrical light spots around the central light spot (generally, several symmetrical light spots close to the central light spot are selected) to pass through, and simultaneously performs phase modulation on the passing symmetrical light spots;
the second Fourier lens 6 is arranged at the rear end of the filter and used for converting the symmetrical light spots after phase modulation into symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, and the parallel light beams are interfered to generate a space diffraction invariant light spot array; the central light spot is converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the direction of the optical axis, and the parallel light beam interferes with the diffraction invariant light spot array to form an array light field with intensity distribution having a bottle-shaped light beam structure in space.
and the CCD 7 is placed at the rear end of the second Fourier lens and is used for recording the intensity distribution of the array light field with the bottle-shaped light beam structure.
The binary phase plate described above, when used to produce a square array of spots, is configured as shown in fig. 2(a 1): based on the diffraction theory of light waves, a plurality of square grid structures are etched on a substrate of the optical waveguide grating; the two grid structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed;
As a further alternative, the binary phase plate may be used to produce an array of rectangular spots, where the configuration shown in figure 2(a2) is such that, in the case of an elongate array of spots: based on the diffraction theory of light waves, a plurality of rectangular structures are etched on a substrate of the light wave diffraction grating by utilizing computer-aided design and utilizing the manufacturing processes of gray level exposure, ion beam etching, lithography and the like, wherein all the rectangular structures are divided into two types, and the gray level of one rectangular structure is greater than that of the other rectangular structure; the two rectangular structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
As a further alternative, the binary phase plate may be used to produce a triangular spot array, where the structure shown in fig. 2(a3) is: based on the diffraction theory of light waves, a plurality of square grid structures are etched on a substrate of the light wave diffraction grating by utilizing computer aided design and manufacturing processes such as gray level exposure, ion beam etching, lithography and the like, wherein all the square grid structures are divided into two types, one square grid structure is divided into four isosceles right triangles, and the gray levels of the upper triangle and the lower triangle are greater than the gray levels of the left triangle and the right triangle; the interior of the other square grid structure is also divided into four isosceles right triangles, and the gray scales of the upper triangle and the lower triangle are smaller than those of the left triangle and the right triangle; the two grid structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
example 2
Based on the apparatus in embodiment 1, this embodiment further discloses a method for generating three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, which includes:
the laser beam passes through the beam expanding collimating lens to obtain a large-caliber parallel light beam. The wave front of the light field is modulated after the large-caliber light beam passes through the periodic binary phase plate, after the light beam passes through the first Fourier lens, the frequency spectrum of the light field is obtained at the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens, a filter is arranged at the frequency spectrum plane, when a plurality of symmetrical light spots close to the central light spot are allowed to pass through, the phase modulation is carried out on the symmetrical light spots, the symmetrical light spots after the phase modulation pass through the second Fourier lens and are converted into a plurality of symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, the light beams are interfered, a space diffraction invariant light field is generated along the direction of an optical axis, the phase values of the symmetrical light spots are reasonably adjusted, and the diffraction invariant light field can be round, square or triangular light spots with square arrangement.
And then, the light spot (direct current component) at the center of the spatial frequency spectrum passes through a filter and passes through a second Fourier lens to be converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the direction of the optical axis, and the light beam interferes with the diffraction-invariant light spot array. In order to obtain a bottle-shaped light beam with a good effect in a three-dimensional array, the parallel light beam corresponding to the direct current component and the diffraction-invariant light spot array should have the same maximum complex amplitude, which can be realized by changing the phase modulation amount of the binary phase plate.
Fig. 2(a1) to 2(b3) show the phase modulation characteristics of the binary phase plate and the spatial frequency spectrum of the light field after passing through the binary phase plate. Fig. 2(a1) is a binary phase plate used to produce a square array of spots, fig. 2(a2) is a binary phase plate used to produce a rectangular array of spots, and fig. 2(a3) is a binary phase plate used to produce a circular array of spots and a triangular array of spots. When the phase modulation amount of the two lattices with different gray scales to the light field is different from pi (half wavelength), the analysis shows that the corresponding space frequency spectrum has no central bright spot and corresponds to the direct current component of the light field. The light field direct current component can be obtained by artificially adjusting the phase modulation amount of the light field by two different gray scales, and the size of the direct current component is correspondingly controlled. In fig. 2(a1), 2(a2), and 2(a3), the phase modulation amounts of the lattices with two different gray levels to the light field are different by 0.6 pi. Fig. 2(b1), fig. 2(b2) fig. 2(b3) correspond to the spatial frequency spectrum distribution of the light field through the binary phase plates shown in fig. 2(a1), fig. 2(a2), fig. 2(a3), respectively. Obviously, because the phase modulation amount difference of the two lattices with different gray levels to the light field is not equal to pi, a very obvious central bright spot (direct current component) exists in the spatial frequency spectrum, in addition, a plurality of symmetrical bright spots with the same brightness exist at the periphery of the central bright spot, and a weaker symmetrical bright spot exists outwards.
wherein fig. 3(a) to 3(c) are corresponding filters; the filter in FIG. 3(a) may allow the central bright spot and the four symmetric bright spots around the spectrum shown in FIG. 2(b1) to pass through; the filter in FIG. 3(b) may allow the central bright spot and the four symmetric bright spots around the spectrum shown in FIG. 2(b2) to pass through; the filter in fig. 3(c) can allow the center spot and the surrounding symmetric eight spots of the spectrum shown in fig. 2(b3) to pass through and modulate the phase of the eight spots.
4(a) -4 (d) are phase distributions of symmetric point sources used to generate the array of spots; the four point sources shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b) have a phase difference of pi between adjacent point sources, which is exactly consistent with the phase distribution of the frequency spectrum, so that the phase modulation is no longer needed; the eight point sources shown in fig. 4(c), having the same phase, require phase modulation; the eight point sources shown in fig. 4(d) are chosen to coincide with the phase distribution of the spectrum and do not require phase modulation.
Wherein: fig. 5(a1) and 5(b1) show normalized intensity distribution and phase distribution of square array spots generated by using the four point sources shown in fig. 4(a), wherein the phase distribution shows a typical checkerboard structure, and the phase difference of adjacent spots is pi; fig. 5(a2) and 5(b2) show normalized intensity distribution and phase distribution of array spots generated by using four point sources shown in fig. 4(b), which are similar to fig. 5(a1) and 5(b1), except that the array spots are compressed in the horizontal direction, and the phase difference between adjacent spots is pi; fig. 5(a3) and 5(b3) show normalized intensity distribution and phase distribution of square array spots generated by the eight point sources shown in fig. 4(c), and the phase distribution shows that the phase difference between adjacent spots is pi; fig. 5(a4) and 5(b4) show normalized intensity distribution and phase distribution of array light spots generated by the eight point sources shown in fig. 4(d), and it can be seen from the phase distribution diagram that the phase difference of adjacent light spots is pi.
Fig. 6(a) to 6(h) show the intensity distributions of the light fields at different positions after the central dc component passes through and after the light field interference by the spot arrays shown in fig. 5(a1) and 5(b 1). In order to obtain the best contrast in the intensity distribution image of fig. 6, it can be analytically determined that the phase modulation amounts of the two different gray-scale grids of the binary phase plate of fig. 2(a1) to the light field should be approximately 0.352 pi apart.
fig. 6(a) shows the light intensity distribution of the light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of the CCD. FIG. 6(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis1the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field, wherein1A small distance. FIG. 6(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 6(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis1the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 6(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 6(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 6(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis1The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 6(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis1the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. As can be seen from the images in fig. 6(a) to 6(h), in the process of moving backward along the optical axis, the bottle-shaped light beam with square array distribution is generated gradually, and continues to move backward, the bottle-shaped light beam at the original position gradually disappears, the bottle-shaped light beam with square array distribution gradually appears at the interval of the original bottle-shaped light beam, and the phase distribution of the spot array shown in the previous fig. 5(b1) is matched. In this case, a square array of bottle beams can be generated at two different positions in one cycle along the axial direction. In fact, the bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array appear in the process of generating-disappearing-generating cycle and repeating along with the process of moving the optical axis backwards.
Fig. 7(a) to 7(h) show the intensity distributions of the light fields at different positions after the central dc component passes through and after the light fields interfere with the spot arrays shown in fig. 5(a2) (b 2). In order to obtain the best contrast for the intensity distribution image in fig. 7, as in fig. 2(a1), the phase modulation amounts of the two different gray-scale lattices of the binary phase plate in fig. 2(a2) to the light field should be approximately different by still 0.352 pi.
Fig. 7(a) shows the light intensity distribution of the light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of the CCD. FIG. 7(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field, wherein2A small distance. FIG. 7(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 7(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 7(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis2the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 7(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 7(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 7(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis2The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. As can be seen from the images in fig. 7(a) to 7(h), in the process of moving backward along the optical axis, the bottle-shaped light beams with array distribution are generated gradually, and continue to move backward, the bottle-shaped light beams at the original positions gradually disappear, the bottle-shaped light beams with array distribution gradually appear at the intervals of the original bottle-shaped light beams, and the phase distribution of the light spot array shown in the previous fig. 5(b2) is matched. In this case, two different positions still exist in one period along the axial direction to generate the array bottle-shaped light beam. The bottle-shaped light beams distributed in the array still show a process of generation-disappearance-generation cycle in the process of moving back along the optical axis.
fig. 8(a) to 8(h) show the intensity distributions of the light fields at different positions after the central dc component passes through and after the light fields interfere with the spot arrays shown in fig. 5(a3) (b 3). In order to obtain the best contrast in the intensity distribution image of fig. 8, it can be analytically determined that the phase modulation amount of the two different gray-scale grids of the binary phase plate of fig. 2(a3) to the light field should be approximately 0.276 pi apart.
fig. 8(a) shows the light intensity distribution of the light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of the CCD. FIG. 8(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field, wherein3a small distance. FIG. 8(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 8(d) shows the CCD shifted backward by 3 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 8(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 8(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 8(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 8(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. As can be seen from the images in fig. 8, in the process of moving backward along the optical axis, the bottle-shaped light beams with square array distribution are generated gradually, and continue to move backward, the bottle-shaped light beams at the original positions gradually disappear, and the bottle-shaped light beams with square array distribution gradually appear at the intervals of the original bottle-shaped light beams, which is identical to the phase distribution of the light spot array shown in the previous fig. 5(b 3). In this case, the existence of two different positions in one cycle along the axial direction can generate a square array of bottle-shaped light beams. The bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array still show a process of generation-disappearance-generation cycle and repetition in the process of moving the optical axis backwards.
fig. 9(a) to 9(h) show the intensity distributions of the light fields at different positions after the central dc component passes through and after the light fields interfere with the spot arrays shown in fig. 5(a4) (b 4). In order to obtain the best contrast in the intensity distribution image of fig. 8, it can be analytically determined that the phase modulation amounts of the two different gray-scale grids of the binary phase plate of fig. 2(a3) to the light field should be approximately 0.341 pi apart.
Fig. 9(a) shows the light intensity distribution of the light field corresponding to a position on the optical axis of the CCD. FIG. 9(b) shows the CCD shifted backward by Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field, wherein3A small distance. FIG. 9(c) shows the CCD shifted backward by 2 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 9(d) is a view of the CCD taken along the optical axisShift by 3 Delta3the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 9(e) shows the CCD shifted backward by 4 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 9(f) shows the CCD shifted backward by 5 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 9(g) shows the CCD shifted backward by 6 Δ along the optical axis3the light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. FIG. 9(h) shows the CCD shifted backward by 7 Δ along the optical axis3The light intensity distribution of the corresponding light field. As can be seen from the images in fig. 9, in the process of moving backward along the optical axis, the bottle-shaped light beam with square array distribution is generated gradually, and continues to move backward, the bottle-shaped light beam at the original position gradually disappears, and the bottle-shaped light beam with square array distribution gradually appears at the position outside the original bottle-shaped light beam, which matches with the phase distribution of the spot array shown in the previous fig. 5(b 4). In this case, the presence of two different positions in one period along the axial direction can produce a square array of bottle-shaped beams. The bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array still show a process of generation-disappearance-generation cycle and repetition in the process of moving the optical axis backwards.
The method can easily obtain the three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beam with square arrangement, has the excellent characteristics of high energy utilization rate and easy realization, and has certain application space in the fields of material processing, particle shunting, cold atoms and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
The method used in the present invention is also applicable to the generation of a three-dimensional array bottle-shaped electron beam, bottle-shaped acoustic beam, etc. having a square arrangement by using an electron beam, an acoustic wave, etc.
Claims (10)
1. Apparatus for producing a three-dimensional array of bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array, comprising:
a light source;
the beam expanding collimating lens is arranged in the direction of light emitted by the light source and used for converting the light from the light source into a large-caliber parallel light beam;
The binary phase plate is arranged at the rear end of the beam expanding collimating lens and is used for modulating the wave front of the light field of the large-aperture parallel light beam;
the first Fourier lens is arranged at the rear end of the binary phase plate, and the frequency spectrum of the light field passing through the binary phase plate is arranged on the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens;
The filter is placed on a frequency spectrum surface of the light field, allows the central light spot and the symmetrical light spots around the central light spot to pass, and simultaneously performs phase modulation on the passing symmetrical light spots;
The second Fourier lens is arranged at the rear end of the filter and used for converting the symmetrical light spots after phase modulation into symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, and the parallel light beams are interfered to generate a space diffraction invariant light spot array; the central light spot is converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the direction of the optical axis, and the parallel light beam interferes with the diffraction invariant light spot array to form an array light field with intensity distribution having a bottle-shaped light beam structure in space.
2. An apparatus for generating a three-dimensional array of bottle-shaped light beams in a square array distribution as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a CCD disposed at the rear end of the second fourier lens for recording the intensity distribution of the array light field having the bottle-shaped light beam structure.
3. an apparatus for generating a three dimensional array of bottle beams in a square array as claimed in claim 1, wherein said binary phase plate, for generating a square spot array, has a plurality of grid structures etched on its substrate, all grid structures being divided into two types, one grid structure having a greater gray level than the other grid structure; the two grid structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
4. an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional array of bottle beams in a square array as defined in claim 1, wherein said binary phase plate, for generating an array of rectangular spots, has a plurality of rectangular structures etched on its substrate, all of the rectangular structures being divided into two types, one of the rectangular structures having a greater gray scale than the other rectangular structure; the two rectangular structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
5. an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional array of bottle-shaped beams distributed in a square array as claimed in claim 1, wherein said binary phase plate for generating a triangular spot array has a plurality of square grid structures etched on a substrate thereof, all the square grid structures being divided into two kinds, one square grid structure being internally divided into four isosceles right triangles, the gray scales of the upper and lower triangles being greater than those of the left and right triangles; the interior of the other square grid structure is also divided into four isosceles right triangles, and the gray scales of the upper triangle and the lower triangle are smaller than those of the left triangle and the right triangle; the two grid structures are alternately distributed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and finally a rectangular array is formed.
6. An apparatus for generating a three-dimensional array of bottle beams in a square array as claimed in any of claims 1-5, wherein the apparatus is used in a cold atom trapping apparatus.
7. An apparatus for generating a three-dimensional array of bottle beams in a square array as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 for use in a material processing apparatus for processing a material.
8. A device for generating a three-dimensional array of bottle-shaped light beams distributed in a square array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, applied to a particle splitting device for splitting particles.
9. a method of generating a three-dimensional array of bottle-shaped beams distributed in a square array, comprising:
The laser beam passes through the beam expanding collimating mirror to obtain a large-caliber parallel light beam; the large-aperture light beam is modulated in the wave front of a light field after passing through a periodic binary phase plate, after passing through a first Fourier lens, the frequency spectrum of the light field is obtained at the back focal plane of the first Fourier lens, a filter is arranged at the frequency spectrum plane, when a plurality of symmetrical light spots close to a central light spot are allowed to pass through, the symmetrical light spots are subjected to phase modulation, after passing through a second Fourier lens, the symmetrical light spots subjected to phase modulation are converted into a plurality of symmetrical parallel light beams with the same axial wave vector, the parallel light beams are interfered, a space diffraction invariant light field is generated in the optical axis direction, the phase values of the plurality of symmetrical light spots are reasonably adjusted, and the diffraction invariant light field can be a round, square or triangular light spot with square arrangement;
Then, the light spot at the center of the spatial frequency spectrum passes through the filter and is converted into a parallel light beam transmitted along the direction of the optical axis after passing through the second Fourier lens, and the light beam interferes with the diffraction-invariant light spot array to form an array light field with the intensity distribution having a bottle-shaped light beam structure in the space.
10. the method of generating a three-dimensional array of bottle beams in a square array of claim 9,
And changing the phase modulation amount of the binary phase plate to ensure that the parallel light beam corresponding to the central light spot and the diffraction invariant light spot array have the same maximum complex amplitude, thereby obtaining the best three-dimensional array bottle-shaped light beam.
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