CN110567330B - Blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in goaf - Google Patents
Blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in goaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567330B CN110567330B CN201910764421.4A CN201910764421A CN110567330B CN 110567330 B CN110567330 B CN 110567330B CN 201910764421 A CN201910764421 A CN 201910764421A CN 110567330 B CN110567330 B CN 110567330B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention provides a blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in a goaf, wherein a drilling chamber is dug in a top pillar at the upper part of the goaf, and a medium-length hole is upwards arranged in the drilling chamber; drilling downward large-diameter centralized shot hole groups (1) in a drilling chamber to determine resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4; (2) determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx(ii) a (3) Determining the distance between deep holes; (4) centralized number of gun hole groupsxVerifying; (5) the explosive charging structure is characterized in that the arrangement mode of the deep holes is polygonal, explosive is used for filling the number x of the corresponding deep holes in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the rest deep holes are spaced by fillers; (6) and after the explosive is filled, starting blasting. Has the advantages that: 1) the reduction of the hole spacing can improve the blasting effect of the ore pillar under the condition of large resistance line and avoid the generation of large block rate. 2) The size of the resistance line is adjusted by changing the number of blast holes for filling explosives, so that accurate charging and blasting under different resistance line conditions are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and relates to a goaf ore pillar recovery blasting method.
Background
According to incomplete statistics, the unprocessed goafs of the national metal and nonmetal mines are planted up to 13 hundred million meters in the end of 2018 years, the goafs deteriorate normal mining operation conditions, threat safety production of mines, and the goafs become one of important hazard sources for underground mining of the metal and nonmetal mines in China. In recent years, the safety supervision bureau of China has issued a plurality of guiding documents for the goaf management, supervises and supervises that mine enterprises have to process the existing goaf, and creates a safe environment for the safety production of mines. When the goaf is treated, if residual ore pillars around the goaf can be recovered at the same time, the resource utilization rate is improved.
Because the dead zone receives reasons such as stress concentration, power disturbance for a long time, the rock mass around the dead zone has all taken place to destroy usually, and original mining tunnel lamp engineering has all taken place the collapse of certain degree, is difficult to reuse, and this makes the peripheral ore pillar of dead zone retrieve the degree of difficulty and increases.
At present, the maximum aperture adopted by underground mines in China is 165mm, the minimum resistance line of the underground mines is usually not more than 5m, the goaf is exposed for a long time and is influenced by various factors, surrounding rocks on the upper and lower walls of the goaf are damaged to a certain extent, the shape of the goaf is irregular, if a traditional deep hole blasting mode is adopted, the length of the minimum resistance line is complex and changeable, if a larger resistance line is used for blasting design, the small part of explosive of the resistance line is too much used, the explosive is excessively crushed and wasted, if a smaller resistance line is used for blasting design, the large part of the resistance line is incompletely blasted, the large block rate is higher, even the explosive cannot be blasted, and the waste of resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a blasting method for recovering irregular ore pillars in a goaf, aiming at the problem that the recovery blasting effect of the ore pillars in the goaf is difficult to control.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: digging a drilling chamber in a top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the height of the drilling chamber can meet the requirement of mounting deep-hole drilling equipment, and arranging a medium-length hole upwards in the drilling chamber for recovering the top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60 mm;
drilling a downward large-diameter centralized blast hole group in the drilling chamber, wherein the diameter of each blast hole is 165mm, and the centralized blast hole group consists ofxEach dense diameter isdThe concentrated blast hole group can be equivalently regarded as aThe equivalent diameter relation of a big blast hole with the diameter D is as follows:
；
(1) determining lines of resistance
In order to improve the blasting effect, according to the space morphological characteristics of the ore pillar, from the analysis of the force characteristics of the ore pillar, the change of the resistance line of the ore pillar from top to bottom can be divided into four parts, namely W1, W2, W3 and W4 (shown in figure 1), wherein the resistance lines of W1 and W4 are larger;
(2) determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx
The number x of the concentrated blast hole groups is determined by the maximum value of the resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the determination method of x is as follows:
in the formula, W: resistance line, taking the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4, q: d, specific consumption of explosive, and diameter of a deep hole blast hole;
: the charge density;
(3) determining deep hole spacing
Calculating and selecting the deep hole pitch of the concentrated shot hole group according to the diameter of the deep hole, wherein the deep hole pitch is 5 times of the diameter d of the deep hole;
(4) centralized number of gun hole groupsxAuthentication
In order to verify the number of centralized blast hole groupsxWhether the value is reasonable or not is judged, according to the blasting theory, the value of the resistance line is reasonable when the value range is W = 20-30D, and the equivalent formula of the diameter of the blast hole is shown in the specification
Calculating equivalent blast hole diameter D, calculating a reasonable resistance line value range according to an empirical formula W = 20-30D, and if the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4 is in the reasonable resistance line range, indicating that the number of concentrated blast hole groups is in the reasonable resistance line rangexIs reasonable;
(5) powder charging structure
Centralized number of gun hole groupsxAfter the distance between holes is determined, the drilling of the rock cave is startedDrilling deep holes indoors, wherein the arrangement mode of the deep holes is polygonal, and the specific arrangement mode is shown in figure 2;
by
The number of deep holes corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 can be calculatedxFilling the corresponding deep holes with explosive in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 by the number x, and spacing the rest deep holes by fillers;
(6) and after the explosive is filled, starting blasting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the concept of the dense shot hole group is provided, when the traditional ore pillar is recovered, deep hole blasting is adopted, the hole pitch of deep holes is 20-30 times the diameter of the deep hole, the hole diameter of the deep hole adopted at the present stage in China is 165mm, the hole pitch is 3.3-4.95 m, and the hole pitch of the dense shot hole group provided by the invention is 5 times the diameter of the deep hole, namely the hole pitch is 0.825 m. The reduction of the hole spacing can improve the blasting effect of the ore pillar under the condition of large resistance line and avoid the generation of large block rate.
2) The variable-resistance line charging structure under the condition of the dense blast hole group is provided, the size of the resistance line is adjusted by changing the number of the blast holes for filling explosives, the accurate charging and blasting under different resistance line conditions are realized, and the blasting effect of the ore pillar is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of deep holes.
1-drilling chamber, 2-deep hole, 3-pillar and 4-goaf.
Detailed Description
In order to avoid collapse of the goaf due to multiple blasting influences and worsening of the pillar recovery environment, pillars around the goaf are recovered in an overall collapse mode.
Digging a drilling chamber 1 in a top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the height of the drilling chamber 1 can meet the installation requirement of deep hole drilling equipment, namely, a medium-length hole is upwards arranged in the drilling chamber 1 to recover the top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, and the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60 mm;
a large-diameter centralized blast hole group is drilled in the rock drilling chamber 1, the diameter of each blast hole is 165mm, and the centralized blast hole group consists ofxEach dense diameter isdThe concentrated blast hole group can be equivalently regarded as a big blast hole with the diameter D, and the equivalent diameter relation is as follows:
；
(1) determining lines of resistance
In order to improve the blasting effect, according to the space morphological characteristics of the ore pillar, from the analysis of the force characteristics of the ore pillar, the change of the resistance line of the ore pillar from top to bottom can be divided into four parts, namely W1, W2, W3 and W4 (shown in figure 1), wherein the resistance lines of W1 and W4 are larger;
(2) determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx
The number x of the concentrated blast hole groups is determined by the maximum value of the resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the determination method of x is as follows:
in the formula, W: resistance line, taking the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4, q: d, specific consumption of explosive, and diameter of a deep hole blast hole;
: the charge density;
(3) determining deep hole spacing
The hole spacing of the deep holes (2) of the concentrated shot hole group is calculated and selected according to the diameter of the deep hole, and the hole spacing of the deep holes is 5 times of the diameter d of the deep hole;
(4) centralized number of gun hole groupsxAuthentication
In order to verify the number of centralized blast hole groupsxWhether the value is reasonable or not is judged, according to the blasting theory, the value of the resistance line is reasonable when the value range is W = 20-30D, and the equivalent formula of the diameter of the blast hole is shown in the specification
Calculating equivalent blast hole diameter D, calculating a reasonable resistance line value range according to an empirical formula W = 20-30D, and if the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4 is in the reasonable resistance line range, indicating that the number of concentrated blast hole groups is in the reasonable resistance line rangexIs reasonable;
(5) powder charging structure
Centralized number of gun hole groupsxAfter the distance between the blast holes and the hole is determined, drilling deep holes in the drilling chamber, wherein the arrangement mode of the deep holes is a polygon, and the specific arrangement mode is shown in figure 2, and comprises an arrangement mode of 4 blast holes and an arrangement mode of 5 blast holes;
by
The number of deep holes corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 can be calculatedxFilling the corresponding deep holes with explosive in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 by the number x, and spacing the rest deep holes by fillers;
(6) and after the explosive is filled, starting blasting.
Example of the implementation
Aiming at dead zones of Gansu factory dam lead-zinc ores between 805m and 865m, 865m to 880m are top pillars, according to actual conditions, a rock drilling chamber is horizontally tunneled at 865m, a vertical deep hole with the diameter of 165mm is downwards drilled in the rock drilling chamber, the depth of the deep hole is 60m, through surveying the spatial form of the ore pillars, from top to bottom, the change of a resistance line can be roughly divided into four parts, namely a part 1: w1=12m, H1=10m, part 2: w2=10m, H2=7m, part 3: w3=6m, H3=26m, section 4: w4=11.5m, H4=17 m. W1=12m Max, substituting the resistance line into the formula
In the middle, 2# rock emulsion explosive is adopted for blasting, and the labor power consumption is not less than 0.94t/mq=0.37kg/t, bore diameter d =0.165m, data is entered
In, calculatex1=12、x2=9、x3=4、x4=11。
Determining the number of concentrated blast hole groups to be 12, and the distance between deep holes to be 5 times of the diameter d of the blast holes
The equivalent diameter D of the blast hole is 0.5715, W = 20-30D is 11.43-17.14, W1=12m is in the range, and the number of concentrated blast hole clusters is determined to be 12 reasonably.
The pillar blasting after the blasting is complete, few residues are left, the blocks are uniform, the maximum block volume is 0.8m for carrying out the heavy fruit cultivation, no large blocks are produced, and the excessive fragmentation is avoided.
The invention overcomes the difficult problems of large resistance lines and variable resistance lines which are often faced in the process of reclaiming the goaf ore pillars, adopts the dense blast hole group, realizes the controlled blasting under the variable resistance line piece by adjusting the number of the explosive loading holes, ensures that the blasting energy is uniformly distributed, and improves the blasting quality.
Claims (1)
1. A blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in a goaf is characterized by comprising the following steps: digging a drilling chamber (1) in a top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the height of the drilling chamber (1) can meet the requirement of mounting deep-hole drilling equipment, a medium-length hole is upwards arranged in the drilling chamber (1) to recover the top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, and the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60 mm;
a large-diameter centralized blast hole group is drilled in the rock drilling chamber (1), the diameter of each blast hole is 165mm, and the centralized blast hole group consists ofxA diameter of each cluster isdThe concentrated blast hole group can be equivalently regarded as a large blast hole with the diameter D, and the equivalent diameter relation is as follows:
；
(1) determining lines of resistance
In order to improve the blasting effect, according to the space form characteristics of the ore pillar, from the analysis of the stress characteristics of the ore pillar, the change of the resistance line of the ore pillar from top to bottom can be divided into four parts, namely W1, W2, W3 and W4, wherein the resistance lines of W1 and W4 are larger;
(2) determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx
Number of centralized blast hole groupsxDetermined by the maximum value among the resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4,xthe determination method of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, W: resistance line, taking the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4, q: the specific consumption of the explosive is reduced,d: the diameter of a deep hole blast hole;
: the charge density;
(3) determining deep hole spacing
The distance between the deep holes (2) of the concentrated big hole group is calculated and selected according to the diameter of the deep hole, and the distance between the deep holes is the diameter of the deep hole big holed5 times of the total weight of the composition;
(4) centralized number of gun hole groupsxAuthentication
In order to verify the number of centralized blast hole groupsxWhether the value is reasonable or not is judged, according to the blasting theory, the value of the resistance line is reasonable when the value range is W = 20-30D, and the equivalent formula of the diameter of the blast hole is shown in the specification
Calculating equivalent blast hole diameter D, calculating a reasonable resistance line value range according to an empirical formula W = 20-30D, and if the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4 is in the reasonable resistance line range, indicating that the number of concentrated blast hole groups is in the reasonable resistance line rangexIs reasonable;
(5) powder charging structure
Centralized number of gun hole groupsxAfter the distance between the hole and the drill hole is determined, drilling a deep hole in the drilling chamber, wherein the arrangement mode of the deep hole is a polygon;
by
W1, W2, W3,The number of deep holes respectively corresponding to W4x1、x2、x3、x4, filling the corresponding deep holes with explosives in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4x，xTaking the numerical value calculated by the maximum value among W1, W2, W3 and W4, and adopting filler intervals for the rest deep holes;
(6) and after the explosive is filled, starting blasting.
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5375527A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-12-27 | Nakajima; Yasuji | Method for blasting employing bar-like charge |
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Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2564832C (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2011-09-06 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Method of blasting |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5375527A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-12-27 | Nakajima; Yasuji | Method for blasting employing bar-like charge |
| CN102808622A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-12-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for recovering ore pillar by medium-length hole and deep hole combined blasting technology |
| CN103175450A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-06-26 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Deep hole blasting method |
| CN107144191A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-08 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of step demolition of strip mines bore distribution method |
| CN108590651A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-28 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | A kind of method of more drilling chamber recycling ore pillars |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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