CN110561283B - Self-lubricating gear grinding wheel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-lubricating gear grinding wheel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110561283B CN110561283B CN201810574316.XA CN201810574316A CN110561283B CN 110561283 B CN110561283 B CN 110561283B CN 201810574316 A CN201810574316 A CN 201810574316A CN 110561283 B CN110561283 B CN 110561283B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-lubricating gear grinding wheel which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-20 parts of ceramic bond, 70-100 parts of zirconia alumina, 5-8 parts of silicon carbide, 3-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 2-3 parts of water. The raw materials of the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel contain a certain amount of silicon carbide, and in the preparation process of the gear grinding wheel, the silicon carbide finally forms graphite particles which independently exist in the tissue structure of the grinding wheel in the form of micron-sized particles, and the graphite particles cannot be adsorbed on the surface of corundum abrasive materials, so that the bonding strength of a ceramic bonding agent to the corundum abrasive materials cannot be influenced, the lubricating performance is ensured, and the service life and the rotary strength of the grinding wheel cannot be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding wheel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a self-lubricating gear grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Iron-based gears are common parts in modern industry and are widely applied to the machinery manufacturing industry. The last processing procedure of the iron-based gear for high-end use at present adopts a special gear grinding wheel to grind the gear, so that the processing precision and the surface finish of the gear can be improved. However, when the gear grinding wheel grinds the gear bottom of the gear, because the contact surface between the gear grinding wheel and a workpiece is large, and meanwhile, three surfaces of the grinding wheel are shielded by the gear, cooling liquid is difficult to enter a grinding area, the grinding force is large, the workpiece is easy to burn, and the processing surface roughness is large. Aiming at the situation, a common solution is to add 3-5% by mass of an additive with lubricating property, such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide, into the mixed material of the gear grinding wheel, wherein the lubricant exists in the structure of the gear grinding wheel after the gear grinding wheel is sintered, and forms a lubricating film with a low friction coefficient between the gear grinding wheel and the gear during grinding, so that the grinding force is effectively reduced, and the quality of the processed surface of the gear is improved.
However, because the strength of the lubricant such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide is very low, the lubricant can be ground and broken by the abrasive such as corundum in the grinding wheel during the mixing process of the grinding wheel to form submicron-grade small particles which are adsorbed on the surface of the corundum abrasive. In the sintering process of the grinding wheel, the lubricant particles adsorbed on the surface of the corundum can greatly reduce the bonding strength of a bonding agent and abrasive materials such as the corundum, so that the abrasive materials such as the corundum fall off in advance in the grinding process by a light person, and the service life of the grinding wheel is reduced; the serious causes the broken flying piece in the use process of the grinding wheel, and safety accidents are caused. How to avoid the reduction of the bonding strength between the bonding agent and the abrasive caused by adding the lubricant is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-lubricating gear grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problem that the bonding strength of a bonding agent and an abrasive material is reduced due to the addition of lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide and the like.
The invention provides a self-lubricating gear grinding wheel which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12-20 parts of ceramic bond, 70-100 parts of zirconia alumina, 5-8 parts of silicon carbide, 3-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 2-3 parts of water.
In one embodiment, the ceramic bond is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-30 parts of boron glass powder, 5-10 parts of alkali-free glass powder, 20-30 parts of spodumene powder, 30-50 parts of kaolin and 5-10 parts of bauxite.
In one embodiment, the silicon carbide is cubic silicon carbide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
preparing materials, namely weighing and uniformly mixing the preparation raw materials of the gear grinding wheel according to the formula ratio to prepare a gear grinding wheel blank;
molding, namely pressing and molding the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
and sintering, namely sintering the grinding wheel green body to obtain the gear grinding wheel.
In one embodiment, in the material mixing step, the preparation raw materials of the grinding tooth grinding wheel are mixed in a ball mill, the ball grinding stone of the ball mill is corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball grinding stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotation speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1-2 hours.
In one embodiment, in the step of batching, the ceramic bond is prepared in advance, and the preparation method of the ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
weighing ceramic bond raw materials according to the formula ratio, and mixing the raw materials by a ball mill, wherein the ball grinding stones of the ball mill are corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball grinding stones is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball grinding jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball grinding time is 1-2 hours.
In one embodiment, in the molding step, the molding pressure of the grinding wheel blank is 50-70 MPa, and the molding pressure maintaining time is 0.5-2 min.
In one embodiment, after the forming step, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) drying, namely, placing the gear grinding wheel blank at room temperature for 22-26 h, and drying at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 10-14 h.
In one embodiment, in the sintering step, in the sintering process, the temperature is raised to 400-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-6 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 1-2 h, then the temperature is raised to 900-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 3-5 h and then the material is naturally cooled.
In one embodiment, the sintering is sand-burying sintering or vacuum sintering.
The raw materials of the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel contain a certain amount of silicon carbide, and in the preparation process of the gear grinding wheel, the silicon carbide finally forms graphite particles which independently exist in the tissue structure of the grinding wheel in the form of micron-sized particles, and the graphite particles cannot be adsorbed on the surface of corundum abrasive materials, so that the bonding strength of ceramic bond to the corundum abrasive materials cannot be influenced, the lubricating performance is ensured, and the service life and the revolving strength of the grinding wheel cannot be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of the microstructure of a gear grinding wheel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the surface topography of a gear tooth bottom machined by the gear grinding wheel according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the surface topography of a tooth bottom of a gear machined by a conventional gear grinding wheel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are given by way of illustration only.
The invention provides a preparation method of a self-lubricating gear grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
preparing materials, namely weighing and uniformly mixing the preparation raw materials of the gear grinding wheel according to the formula ratio to prepare a gear grinding wheel blank;
molding, namely pressing and molding the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
and sintering, namely sintering the grinding wheel green body to obtain the gear grinding wheel.
The gear grinding wheel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12-20 parts of ceramic bond, 70-100 parts of zirconia alumina, 5-8 parts of silicon carbide, 3-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 2-3 parts of water.
The raw materials of the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel contain a certain amount of silicon carbide, the silicon carbide can stably exist at a lower temperature, when a gear grinding wheel blank is sintered, the silicon carbide has great chemical reaction activity at the sintering temperature, the ceramic bonding agent often contains alkali metal oxide, the alkali metal oxide can react with the silicon carbide to generate alkali metal silicate and graphite particles, and the graphite particles in the gear grinding wheel tissue provide a lubricating effect in the grinding process of the wheel, so that the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel is obtained. According to the invention, silicon carbide is used as a precursor of a graphite lubricant, low-strength lubricant components such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide and the like do not exist in the processes of proportioning and forming of the gear grinding wheel, and the compressive strength and hardness of the silicon carbide are higher than those of a zirconium corundum abrasive, so that the silicon carbide keeps the granularity of the silicon carbide in the processes of proportioning, mixing and forming, and cannot be crushed into submicron-sized small particles to be adsorbed on the zirconium corundum to reduce the bonding strength of the abrasive and a ceramic bond, thereby reducing the strength of the grinding wheel. At the sintering temperature, the ceramic bond is changed into a liquid phase, alkali metal oxide in the ceramic bond reacts with silicon carbide to generate alkali metal silicate and graphite simple substance, the alkali metal silicate enters the ceramic bond through thermal diffusion, the graphite simple substance is generated in situ at the original position of the silicon carbide, exists in the texture structure of the grinding wheel in the form of large particles, does not exist on the surface of the corundum abrasive material in the form of submicron-sized particles, and has no adverse effect on the strength, service life and strength of the grinding wheel. Meanwhile, in the grinding process of the gear grinding wheel, graphite particles in the grinding wheel can generate a lubricating effect, and the surface smoothness of a part processing surface is obviously improved.
Furthermore, the yellow dextrin contained in the raw materials of the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel has an excellent effect on initial qualitative of the grinding wheel, and can ensure that the silicon carbide is uniformly and stably distributed in the grinding wheel, so that the distribution uniformity of graphite particles generated by the reaction of the silicon carbide in the grinding wheel is improved, and the self-lubricating effect of the gear grinding wheel is further improved.
As an optional embodiment, the ceramic bond comprises the following raw materials in proportion:
15-30 parts of boron glass powder, 5-10 parts of alkali-free glass powder, 20-30 parts of spodumene powder, 30-50 parts of kaolin and 5-10 parts of bauxite.
The raw material proportion of the ceramic bond can form the special ceramic bond for the gear grinding wheel on one hand, and improve the bonding capacity of the ceramic bond and an abrasive, and on the other hand, the boron glass powder and the spodumene powder both contain a large amount of alkali metal oxides, so that sufficient alkali metal oxides are provided for the reaction of the ceramic bond and silicon carbide in the sintering process, the full reaction of the silicon carbide is promoted, the proportion of graphite generated by the reaction of the silicon carbide is improved, and the self-lubricating effect of the gear grinding wheel is improved.
As an alternative embodiment, the silicon carbide in the gear grinding wheel is cubic silicon carbide. The cubic silicon carbide is a low-temperature stable crystal form of silicon carbide, namely a diamond crystal form, the strength and hardness of the cubic silicon carbide are higher than those of the zirconia corundum abrasive, and when the ingredients are mixed with the zirconia corundum abrasive, the cubic silicon carbide can keep the original granularity and cannot be broken by the zirconia corundum abrasive and adsorbed on the surface of the abrasive.
As an alternative embodiment, the boron glass powder, the alkali-free glass powder, the spodumene powder, the kaolin and the bauxite have a particle size of less than or equal to 5 μm. As the raw material of the ceramic bond, the smaller the particle size, the better the ceramic bond plays the role of the bond, and the bonding strength between the ceramic bond and the abrasive is enhanced.
Furthermore, the corundum-zirconia abrasive in the raw materials of the gear grinding wheel can select abrasive with proper granularity according to the application range of the gear grinding wheel. In an optional embodiment, in the present embodiment, the zirconia alumina in the raw material of the gear grinding wheel includes 60# zirconia alumina and 80# zirconia alumina, the mixing ratio of the 60# zirconia alumina to the 80# zirconia alumina is 60 to 70 parts, and the mixing ratio of the 80# zirconia alumina to the 60# zirconia alumina is 10 to 30 parts. The gear grinding wheel prepared by the zirconia corundum abrasive material in the proportioning range is used for fine grinding processing of most iron-based gears. The zirconia corundum abrasive can be purchased from commercial industrial grade zirconia corundum raw materials.
Further, as an optional implementation mode, the mesh number of the silicon carbide is 80-320 #. The grain size of the silicon carbide is within this range, and graphite particles formed during sintering of the grinding wheel are generated in situ in the silicon carbide, and the grain size is within this range. The particle size of the graphite is 80-320 #, and the self-lubricating effect of the graphite on the grinding process of the gear grinding wheel can be improved. Alternatively, silicon carbide can be purchased from commercially available commercial grade silicon carbide feedstock.
As an optional embodiment, in the step of mixing, the raw materials for preparing the grinding tooth grinding wheel are mixed in a ball mill, a ball grinding stone of the ball mill is corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball grinding stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball grinding jar is 500 mm, the rotation speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball grinding time is 1-2 h. The preparation raw materials of the gear grinding wheel are fully mixed through ball milling treatment, and silicon carbide is not crushed by a corundum ball grindstone or a zirconia corundum grinding material and is adsorbed on the surface of the grinding material during mixing.
As an alternative embodiment, in the step of batching, the ceramic bond is prepared in advance, and the preparation method of the ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
weighing ceramic bond raw materials according to the formula ratio, and mixing the raw materials by a ball mill, wherein the ball grinding stones of the ball mill are corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball grinding stones is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1-2 h. The raw materials of the ceramic bond are fully and uniformly mixed through ball milling treatment, so that the ceramic bond can exert the bonding effect and the bonding property is improved.
In an optional embodiment, in the forming step, the forming pressure of the grinding wheel blank is 50 to 70 MPa, and the forming pressure maintaining time is 0.5 to 2 min.
As an alternative embodiment, after the forming step, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) drying, namely, placing the gear grinding wheel blank at room temperature for 22-26 h, and drying at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 10-14 h. Because the ingredient of the gear grinding wheel contains water, the forming of the grinding wheel blank can be improved by adding a proper amount of water, however, if the blank contains more water, the sintering effect is influenced, the gear grinding wheel blank is dried at room temperature and 60-70 ℃ in sequence, the cracking in the drying process can be avoided, the drying efficiency can be improved, and the sintering effect can be improved.
As an optional implementation mode, in the sintering step, in the sintering process, the temperature is raised to 400-500 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 4-6 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 1-2 hours, then the temperature is raised to 900-1000 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 3-4 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 3-5 hours, and then the product is naturally cooled. Through the control of the sintering temperature rise rate and the sintering temperature, the sintering requirement of the grinding wheel can be met, and the alkali metal oxide and the silicon carbide can well react.
As an alternative embodiment, the sintering is sand-burying sintering or vacuum sintering. Through sand burying sintering or vacuum sintering, the grinding wheel can isolate oxygen in the sintering process, and failure of self-lubricating effect caused by graphite particle oxidation is avoided.
Example 1
Step 1, respectively weighing 20 kg of boron glass powder, 10 kg of alkali-free glass powder, 30kg of spodumene powder, 30kg of kaolin and 10 kg of bauxite, and performing dry milling, wherein the ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500mm, the rotating speed is 60 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h to prepare the ceramic bonding agent for the gear grinding wheel, which is uniformly mixed.
Step 2, respectively weighing 15kg of the ceramic bond, 60 kg of 60# zirconium corundum, 15kg of 80# zirconium corundum, 5kg of 100# cubic silicon carbide, 3 kg of yellow dextrin and 2 kg of water, and uniformly mixing under a ball milling condition, wherein ball stone is corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500mm, the rotating speed is 60 rpm, and the ball milling time is 2 hours, so that a uniformly mixed self-lubricating gear grinding wheel blank is obtained.
Step 3, selecting a corresponding mould according to the specification of the gear grinding wheel to be formed, weighing a gear grinding wheel blank with corresponding mass, putting the gear grinding wheel blank into the mould, carrying out pressure forming under the forming pressure of 70 MPa for 1 min, carrying out pressure relief and demoulding, horizontally placing the formed grinding wheel blank on a SiC shed plate, placing the SiC shed plate at room temperature for 24 h, and then placing the SiC shed plate in a 70 ℃ oven for drying for 12 h to obtain the dried grinding wheel blank.
Step 4, loading the blank body of the gear grinding wheel into a bowl prepared from refractory clay, and completely burying the self-lubricating precision grinding wheel by using No. 150 white corundum powder, wherein the height of the white corundum powder is 1.5 cm higher than the upper surface of the grinding wheel. The corundum embedded box bowl is placed into a well type furnace, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1 h, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 4 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 3 h, the gear grinding wheel is naturally cooled in an electric furnace after the furnace is closed, a furnace door is opened for cooling when the furnace temperature is lower than 150 ℃, and the gear grinding wheel is taken out of the box bowl when the temperature is lower than 70 ℃, so that a finished product of the gear grinding wheel is prepared.
As shown in fig. 1, it can be seen that the graphite particles are uniformly distributed in the structure of the grinding wheel in the form of large particles, and do not exist on the surface of the corundum-zirconia abrasive in the form of submicron small particles, and the service life and strength of the grinding wheel are adversely affected. Further, the surface topography of the gear bottom machined by the gear grinding wheel is shown in fig. 2, and compared with the surface topography of the gear bottom machined by the gear grinding wheel which is not added with graphite conventionally, as shown in fig. 3, the graphite particles in the gear grinding wheel of the embodiment can generate a lubricating effect in the gear grinding process, so that the surface smoothness of the machined surface of the gear is obviously improved.
Example 2
Step 1, respectively weighing 15 kg of boron glass powder, 5 kg of alkali-free glass powder, 20 kg of spodumene powder, 30kg of kaolin and 5 kg of bauxite, and performing dry milling, wherein the ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500mm, the rotating speed is 50 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h, so that the ceramic bonding agent for the gear grinding wheel, which is uniformly mixed, is prepared.
Step 2, respectively weighing 12 kg of the ceramic bond, 60 kg of 60# zirconium corundum, 10 kg of 80# zirconium corundum, 5 kg of 80# cubic silicon carbide, 3 kg of yellow dextrin and 2 kg of water, and uniformly mixing under a ball milling condition, wherein ball stone is corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500mm, the rotating speed is 50 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h to obtain a uniformly mixed self-lubricating gear grinding wheel blank.
Step 3, selecting a corresponding mould according to the specification of the gear grinding wheel to be formed, weighing a gear grinding wheel blank with corresponding mass, putting the gear grinding wheel blank into the mould, carrying out pressure forming under the forming pressure of 50 MPa for 0.5 min, carrying out pressure relief and demoulding, horizontally placing the formed grinding wheel blank on a SiC shelf, placing the SiC shelf for 22 h at room temperature, and then placing the SiC shelf in a 60 ℃ oven for drying for 10 h to obtain the dried grinding wheel blank.
Step 4, loading the blank body of the gear grinding wheel into a bowl prepared from refractory clay, and completely burying the self-lubricating precision grinding wheel by using No. 150 white corundum powder, wherein the height of the white corundum powder is 1.5 cm higher than the upper surface of the grinding wheel. The corundum embedded box bowl is placed into a well type furnace, the temperature is raised to 400 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 4 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1 h, the temperature is raised to 900 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 3 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 3 h, the gear grinding wheel is naturally cooled in an electric furnace after the furnace is closed, a furnace door is opened for cooling when the furnace temperature is lower than 150 ℃, and the gear grinding wheel is taken out of the box bowl when the temperature is lower than 70 ℃, so that a finished product of the gear grinding wheel is prepared.
Example 3
Step 1, respectively weighing 30 kg of boron glass powder, 10 kg of alkali-free glass powder, 30 kg of spodumene powder, 50 kg of kaolin and 10 kg of bauxite, and performing ball milling dry mixing, wherein the ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 80 rpm, and the ball milling time is 2 hours, so that the ceramic bonding agent for the gear grinding wheel, which is uniformly mixed, is prepared.
Step 2, respectively weighing 20 kg of the ceramic bond, 70 kg of 60# zirconium corundum, 30 kg of 80# zirconium corundum, 8 kg of 320# cubic silicon carbide, 5 kg of yellow dextrin and 3 kg of water, and uniformly mixing under a ball milling condition, wherein ball stone is corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 80 rpm, and the ball milling time is 2 hours, so that a uniformly mixed self-lubricating gear grinding wheel blank is obtained.
Step 3, selecting a corresponding mould according to the specification of the gear grinding wheel to be formed, weighing a gear grinding wheel blank with corresponding mass, putting the gear grinding wheel blank into the mould, carrying out pressure forming under the forming pressure of 70 MPa for 2 min, carrying out pressure relief and demoulding, horizontally placing the formed grinding wheel blank on a SiC shelf, placing the SiC shelf for 26 h at room temperature, and then placing the SiC shelf in a 70 ℃ oven for drying for 14 h to obtain the dried grinding wheel blank.
Step 4, loading the blank body of the gear grinding wheel into a bowl prepared from refractory clay, and completely burying the self-lubricating precision grinding wheel by using No. 150 white corundum powder, wherein the height of the white corundum powder is 1.5 cm higher than the upper surface of the grinding wheel. The corundum embedded box bowl is placed into a well type furnace, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 6 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 2 hours, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 4 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5 hours, the gear grinding wheel is naturally cooled in an electric furnace after the furnace is closed, a furnace door is opened for cooling when the furnace temperature is lower than 150 ℃, and the gear grinding wheel is taken out of the box bowl when the temperature is lower than 70 ℃, so that a finished product of the gear grinding wheel is prepared.
Example 4
Step 1, respectively weighing 25 kg of boron glass powder, 7 kg of alkali-free glass powder, 25 kg of spodumene powder, 40 kg of kaolin and 7 kg of bauxite, and performing ball milling dry mixing, wherein the ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 50 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1.5 hours to prepare the ceramic bond for the gear grinding wheel, which is uniformly mixed.
Step 2, respectively weighing 17 kg of the ceramic bond, 65 kg of No. 60 zirconium corundum, 20 kg of No. 80 zirconium corundum, 7 kg of No. 250 cubic silicon carbide, 4 kg of yellow dextrin and 2.5 kg of water, and uniformly mixing under a ball milling condition, wherein ball stones are corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stones is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 70 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1.5 h to obtain the uniformly mixed self-lubricating grinding tooth grinding wheel blank.
Step 3, selecting a corresponding mould according to the specification of the gear grinding wheel to be formed, weighing a gear grinding wheel blank with corresponding mass, putting the gear grinding wheel blank into the mould, carrying out pressure forming under the forming pressure of 65 MPa for 1 min, carrying out pressure relief and demoulding, horizontally placing the formed grinding wheel blank on a SiC shed plate, placing the SiC shed plate at room temperature for 24 h, and then placing the SiC shed plate in a 65 ℃ oven for drying for 12 h to obtain the dried grinding wheel blank.
Step 4, loading the blank body of the gear grinding wheel into a bowl prepared from refractory clay, and completely burying the self-lubricating precision grinding wheel by using No. 150 white corundum powder, wherein the height of the white corundum powder is 1.5 cm higher than the upper surface of the grinding wheel. The corundum-embedded box bowl is placed into a well-type furnace, the temperature is raised to 450 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1.5 h, the temperature is raised to 950 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 3.5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 4 h, the gear grinding wheel is naturally cooled in an electric furnace after the furnace is closed, the furnace door is opened for cooling when the furnace temperature is lower than 150 ℃, and the gear grinding wheel is taken out of the box bowl when the temperature is lower than 70 ℃, so that a finished product of the gear grinding wheel is prepared.
By further using the ground gear tooth bottoms prepared in examples 2 to 4, high surface smoothness was obtained, and no workpiece burn phenomenon was generated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12-20 parts of ceramic bond, 70-100 parts of zirconia alumina, 5-8 parts of silicon carbide, 3-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 2-3 parts of water;
the ceramic bond is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-30 parts of boron glass powder, 5-10 parts of alkali-free glass powder, 20-30 parts of spodumene powder, 30-50 parts of kaolin and 5-10 parts of bauxite;
the preparation method of the self-lubricating gear grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
preparing materials, namely weighing and uniformly mixing the preparation raw materials of the gear grinding wheel according to the formula ratio to prepare a gear grinding wheel blank;
molding, namely pressing and molding the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
And sintering, namely sintering the grinding wheel green body to obtain the gear grinding wheel, wherein the sintering is buried sand sintering or vacuum sintering.
2. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel of claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide is cubic silicon carbide.
3. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein in the step of mixing, the preparation raw materials of the gear grinding wheel are mixed in a ball mill, the ball grinding stone of the ball mill is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball grinding stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball mill jar is 500 mm, the rotation speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1-2 hours.
4. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein in the step of compounding, the vitrified bond is prepared in advance, and the method for preparing the vitrified bond comprises the steps of:
weighing ceramic bond raw materials according to the formula ratio, and mixing the raw materials by a ball mill, wherein the ball grinding stones of the ball mill are corundum balls, the ball-material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball grinding stones is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball grinding jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball grinding time is 1-2 hours.
5. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein in the molding step, the molding pressure of the wheel blank is 50 to 70 MPa, and the molding pressure maintaining time is 0.5 to 2 min.
6. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel according to claim 5, further comprising, after the forming step, the steps of:
and (3) drying, namely placing the grinding wheel blank at room temperature for 22-26 h, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 10-14 h.
7. The self-lubricating gear grinding wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the sintering step, in the sintering process, the temperature is raised to 400-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-6 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 1-2 h, then the temperature is raised to 900-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 3-5 h, and then the product is naturally cooled.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN104999383A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-10-28 | 白鸽磨料磨具有限公司 | Gear grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106826588A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-13 | 台山市兰宝磨具有限公司 | A kind of self-lubricating diamond resin vitrified abrasive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101935219A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-01-05 | 福州双屹砂轮有限公司 | Efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel and manufacture method thereof |
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