CN110558646A - Fireproof suit based on silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and preparation method - Google Patents
Fireproof suit based on silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558646A CN110558646A CN201910851638.9A CN201910851638A CN110558646A CN 110558646 A CN110558646 A CN 110558646A CN 201910851638 A CN201910851638 A CN 201910851638A CN 110558646 A CN110558646 A CN 110558646A
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- VRAIHTAYLFXSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3].[AlH3] VRAIHTAYLFXSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 sealing elements Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, and provides a fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof. The novel silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is used for greatly improving the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of the firefighter uniform, and can provide a safer and more reliable guarantee for the fire prevention and disaster relief of firefighters. The novel fireproof suit manufactured by the method has the advantages of excellent fireproof and heat-insulating performance, low price and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The firefighter uniform is a thermal protection garment worn by firefighters in fire scene rescue or fire fighting, is used as important protective equipment for protecting firefighters at the front line under high temperature or ultrahigh temperature, and the advantages and disadvantages of flame retardance and thermal protection directly relate to the life safety of firefighters at the front line. At present, although traditional fire-entry suit is used extensively, still there is not enough in the protection level, and the comfort level is scarce, and the cost is higher, and command dispatch system easily receives the environmental disturbance scheduling problem, consequently, the research how to improve the fire behavior of fire-entry suit, and comfort level and command precision are undoubtedly to improving the fire-fighting rescue efficiency of fire fighter, reduce casualties and loss of property and have important meaning.
The characteristics of modern conflagration to traditional fire prevention clothes quality is heavy, and is with high costs, easily receives the influence of various factors during the on-the-spot commander to lead to commander order to assign and receive the scheduling problem that hinders, and the fire prevention clothes of novel material is urgently needed, improves the rescue efficiency of putting out a fire.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is characterized in that a fireproof layer of the fireproof suit sequentially comprises a surface layer, a fireproof layer and a fireproof layer, wherein the surface layer is an aluminum foil, ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon dioxide aerogel felt; the silica aerogel felt is subjected to modification treatment by acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer AE-7135 alcohol glue; the aluminum foil, the ceramic fiber cloth and the silicon dioxide aerogel felt are combined into a whole.
Further, the modification treatment specifically comprises: AE-7135 alcohol glue is uniformly coated on 2 side faces of the silica aerogel felt, and the silica aerogel felt can be tightly attached to the inner surface of the ceramic fiber cloth while flexibility of the silica aerogel felt is kept.
Furthermore, the aluminum foil and the ceramic fiber cloth are superposed in a single layer mode, or the ceramic fiber cloth with the aluminum foil is directly adopted.
Further, a cotton cloth layer is arranged on the inner surface of the silica aerogel felt to serve as a comfortable layer.
Further, the thickness of the aluminum foil is 0.2-0.4mm, the thickness of the ceramic fiber cloth is 0.1-0.3mm, and the thickness of the silicon dioxide aerogel felt is 4-6 mm.
further, the thickness of aluminium foil is 0.3mm, the thickness of ceramic fibre cloth is 0.2mm, the thickness of silica aerogel felt is 5mm.
Furthermore, when the fireproof clothing is sewn, the fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing thread is used for sewing and fixing the composite material, so that the whole structure is stable, and all components are prevented from sliding and dislocating.
Furthermore, a GPS positioning chip is arranged in the fireproof suit.
Further, the fireproof temperature and the fireproof time of the fireproof suit reach: when the flame is continuously contacted with the flame of 500 ℃, the comfort critical value of 41.3 ℃ is reached after 1 min; upon continued exposure to the 1300 ℃ flame, 59.8 ℃ is reached after 1 min.
a preparation method of the fireproof suit based on the silicon dioxide aerogel composite material comprises the following steps:
the fireproof suit is cut and sewn in blocks according to a design drawing, a composite material consisting of aluminum foils, ceramic fiber cloth and silicon dioxide aerogel felts is divided into five plates according to the left and right sides, the back and the arms at the two sides of the body, each plate is sewn by fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads, and the threads at the joint are retracted into the fireproof suit as much as possible during sewing;
Surface treatment processing, namely sewing fireproof fluorescent cloth on the surfaces of arms at two sides and the trunk part of a body by using fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads so as to identify the position of a person in dense smoke in a fire scene, additionally arranging a fireproof zipper at the combination position of the front side of the clothes, reserving surface ceramic fiber cloth with a certain width at the outer side of the zipper, and adhering fireproof clothes at two sides of the zipper together by using a magic tape so as to play a role in protecting the zipper;
The fireproof clothing after surface treatment is internally processed, cotton cloth is cut, and then the fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber is sewn inside the fireproof clothing to serve as a comfortable layer; a built-in pocket is designed on the inner layer of the clothes, and a GPS positioning chip is implanted.
Compared with the traditional fireproof suit, the fireproof suit has the beneficial effects that:
1. Compared with the traditional fireproof suit, the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of the novel fireproof suit is greatly improved, and experimental research shows that the continuous use temperature of the ceramic fiber cloth of the outer layer material of the novel fireproof suit can reach 1000 ℃, and the short-time use temperature can reach 1260 ℃. The fine nano-network structure of the aerogel felt of the heat insulation layer can effectively limit the propagation of local thermal excitation, and the solid thermal conductivity of the nano-network structure is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of a corresponding glassy material. The experimental examination shows that the thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel felt is lower than 0.02 w/m.K, the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel felt can be further reduced by means of doping, the thermal conductivity of the carbon-doped aerogel felt can be as low as 0.013 w/m.K at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the thermal conductivity of the aerogel felt can be reduced to 0.03 w/m.K by doping titanium dioxide at the high temperature of 800K.
2. Compared with the traditional fireproof suit, the radiation resistance of the novel fireproof suit is greatly improved, the refractive index of the aerogel is close to l, the ratio of the annihilation coefficients of infrared rays and visible light reaches more than 100, sunlight can be effectively transmitted, and infrared heat radiation of ambient temperature is prevented. Meanwhile, the aluminum foil is opaque and reflective, so that the aluminum foil is used as the surface of the novel fireproof suit, and the radiation protection performance of the fireproof suit is further enhanced.
3. Novel fire-proof suit is green more than traditional fire-proof suit, and life has obtained promoting by a wide margin. The hydrophobic rate of the aerogel nanometer heat-insulating felt of the novel fireproof suit heat-insulating layer can reach more than 99 percent, and the sedimentation failure of the material caused by water inflow can be avoided, so that the service life of the novel fireproof suit heat-insulating layer can reach more than 3 times that of the traditional material, and the service life of the novel fireproof suit heat-insulating layer can reach ten years under the condition of common strength. Experiments show that the carbon black formed by the novel fireproof suit after being burnt by flame for a long time can be directly wiped off by paper towels or wet cleaning cloth, so that the novel fireproof suit is greatly convenient to clean and recycle.
4. Compared with the traditional fireproof clothes, the novel fireproof clothes have higher cost performance and wider application range. Through the contrast research to fire-proof suit price, 97 formula fire-proof suit price is 39.60 yuan, and novel aerogel fire-proof suit is 289.04 yuan, 14 models fire-entry suit 3253.00 yuan. The novel aerogel fireproof suit has the highest cost performance and is convenient to popularize due to the consideration of comprehensive price and various aspects of performance. Besides fire scene rescue of firemen, the fire scene rescue device can be applied to various aspects such as enterprise units, hotels, markets, family houses and the like.
5. Carry on GPS positioner's novel fire-proof suit can fix a position the position of fire fighter in the scene of a fire, has higher security performance for traditional fire-proof suit. The GPS positioning chip carrying the virtual telephone module is innovatively implanted into the fireproof suit by utilizing the satellite positioning technology, so that two functions of positioning the position of a fireman in a fire scene and timely feeding back fire scene information are realized, and the two functions are not possessed by the traditional fireproof suit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a comparison of the thermal insulation effect with and without silica aerogel.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing a comparison of the heat insulation effect without silica aerogel after the surface layer is not provided with aluminum foil.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of the thermal insulation effect of the ceramic fiber cloth with or without the aluminum foil.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of the overall insulation effect in the multi-combination state.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects.
The research idea of the invention is as follows:
according to the research of average temperature in a fire scene, a novel material silicon dioxide aerogel felt with strong fireproof and heat insulation properties and ceramic fiber cloth with strong heat resistance and provided with an aluminum foil are selected, and in order to improve the defects of low strength and poor toughness of the aerogel felt, AE-7135 alcohol glue is used as a coating to research the thermal protection performance.
Respectively preparing ceramic fiber cloth samples with the same size; a ceramic fiber cloth sample with an aluminum foil surface layer; a ceramic fiber cloth, aerogel and alcohol glue composite sample with an aluminum foil surface layer; 97 type fireproof suit fabric sample; and respectively carrying out combustion tests, observing the temperature of the inner side of the material in the same time, determining the optimal composite mode, and determining that the composite material formed by combining 3 materials of silica aerogel felt, alcohol gel and ceramic fiber cloth with an aluminum foil on the surface layer has the best composite effect.
The application mode of GPS positioning is as follows: the GPS positioning chip carrying the virtual telephone module is innovatively implanted into the fireproof suit by utilizing the satellite positioning technology. Technical personnel track and communicate the personnel in real time outside the fire scene through a mobile phone, and two functions of positioning the position of the firemen in the fire scene and timely feeding back the information of the fire scene are realized.
Basic parameters of material
aerogel felt: the flexible heat-preservation felt is formed by compounding nano silicon dioxide aerogel serving as a main body material with glass fiber cotton or a pre-oxidized fiber felt through a special process. Its advantages are low heat conductivity, high tension and compression strength, and high fire-proof performance. The aerogel felt is a solid heat-insulating material with the lowest heat conductivity coefficient in a temperature region of about 400 ℃ at present, has the characteristics of softness, easy cutting, low density, inorganic fire resistance, overall hydrophobicity, environmental friendliness and the like, can replace traditional flexible heat-insulating materials with poor heat-insulating property, such as glass fiber products, asbestos heat-insulating felts, silicate fiber products and the like, and has the following characteristics as a heat-insulating layer of a novel fireproof suit:
1. And (3) light weight: the density of the aerogel felt material is extremely low and is only 2.75 times of the density of air; the dry pine density (500 kilograms per cubic meter) is 140 times greater than it. The aerogel felt achieves the same heat insulation effect, and the thickness of the aerogel felt is only a fraction of that of the traditional material. The heat loss is small after heat preservation, and the space utilization rate is high. And under high temperature, the performance advantages are more obvious.
2. The structural strength is high: the aerogel felt is very firm and durable, can bear pressure which is thousands of times of the self-mass, and has good tensile and compressive properties. Because the aerogel felt has better flexibility and tensile strength, the aerogel felt can resist internal stress caused by stretching when stressed and linear shrinkage when cold and hot are alternated. In addition, its thermal conductivity and refractive index are low, and its insulating ability is 39 times stronger than that of the best glass fiber.
3. Heat insulation: the fine nano-network structure of the aerogel felt effectively limits the propagation of local thermal excitation, and the solid-state thermal conductivity of the aerogel felt is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of a corresponding glassy material. The nanopores suppress the contribution of gas molecules to heat conduction. The refractive index of the aerogel is close to l, and the ratio of the annihilation coefficients of the aerogel to infrared light and visible light reaches more than 100, so that sunlight can be effectively transmitted, infrared heat radiation of ambient temperature is prevented, and the aerogel is applied to the aspects of solar energy utilization and building energy conservation. The thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel felt is lower than 0.02 w/m.K, and the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel felt can be further reduced by means of doping, the thermal conductivity of the carbon-doped aerogel at normal temperature and normal pressure can be as low as 0.013 w/m.K, the silica aerogel felt is a solid material with the lowest thermal conductivity at present, and the silica aerogel felt is expected to replace polyurethane foam to become a novel heat insulation material. The titanium dioxide is doped to enable the aerogel to become a novel high-temperature heat insulation material, and the thermal conductivity at 800K is only 0.03 w/m.K.
4. low sound velocity characteristics: air condensationFelt is an ideal acoustic delay or high temperature insulation material. The acoustic impedance variable range of the material is larger than 103—107(m2S) is an ideal acoustic resistance coupling material for an ultrasonic detector, such as a common acoustic resistance coil Zp of 1.5 × l07kg/(m2s) as generators and detectors of ultrasound waves, while the acoustic resistance of air is only 400 kg/(m)2S). The preliminary experiment result shows that the density is 300kg/m3The left aerogel and the right aerogel are used as coupling materials, so that the sound intensity can be improved by 30dB, and if the aerogel felt with density gradient is adopted, higher sound intensity gain can be expected. In the aspects of environmental protection and chemical industry, the aerogel felt with the nano structure can also be used as a novel gas filtering material, and the material is different from other materials in that the pore size distribution of the material is uniform, the porosity is high, and the aerogel felt is a high-efficiency gas filtering material.
5. Waterproof, long service life: the hydrophobic rate of the aerogel nanometer heat-insulating felt can reach more than 99 percent, and the sedimentation failure of the material caused by water inflow can be avoided, so the service life of the aerogel nanometer heat-insulating felt can reach more than 3 times of that of the traditional material.
Silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The basic properties of the aerogel blankets are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 SiO2Basic characteristics of aerogel felt
Ceramic fiber cloth: the fabric is made by spinning yarns from ceramic fibers and organic fibers in a certain proportion and lining glass filaments (steel wires) and then weaving the yarns into cloth. The amount of the organic fibers determines the ablation rate, the variety of the organic fibers determines the flexibility of the cloth (from good to bad: viscose, terylene and paper pulp), the thickness of the glass determines the strength, and the material of the steel wires determines the corrosion resistance (from good to bad: 304 stainless steel wires, 302 stainless steel wires, 201 stainless steel wires and iron wires). The degree of twist in the spinning process determines the smoothness of the appearance of the cloth, and the number of batches determines the density of the cloth. Has the following characteristics:
1. High temperature resistance, low heat conductivity coefficient, thermal shock resistance and low heat capacity, the continuous use temperature can reach 1000 ℃, and the short-time use temperature can reach 1260 ℃.
2. The high-temperature-resistant insulating material has excellent high-temperature-resistant insulating property and long service life, and ceramic fiber cloth, belts, packing and other series products which use alkali-free glass fiber yarns as reinforcing materials have higher electrical insulating property and high-temperature electrical insulating property than glass fibers, and the breakdown voltage is 5 kV/mm.
3. Has the capability of resisting the corrosion of nonferrous metals such as molten contact aluminum, zinc and the like, and has good acid-base corrosion resistance and nonferrous metal corrosion resistance.
4. has good low-temperature and high-temperature strength, the thermal shrinkage rate (1232 ℃, 24h) is 35 percent, the aluminum oxide content is 45 to 48 percent, the organic fiber content is less than 20 percent, and the thermal conductivity (538 ℃, 8pcf) is 0.130W/m.K.
5. No toxicity, no harm, no adverse effect on environment, environmental protection and no pollution.
aluminum foil: the hot stamping material is a hot stamping material which is directly rolled into a sheet by using metal aluminum, and because the aluminum has soft texture, good ductility and silvery white luster, if the rolled sheet is pasted on offset paper by using sodium silicate and other substances to prepare an aluminum foil sheet, the aluminum foil sheet can be printed. Has the following characteristics:
(1) The surface of the aluminum foil is extremely clean and sanitary, and any bacteria or microorganisms can not grow on the surface of the aluminum foil.
(2) The aluminum foil is a nontoxic packaging material, can be directly contacted with food without any worry that can harm human health, and can be directly contacted with human skin.
(3) The aluminum foil is a tasteless and odorless packaging material and does not produce pungent odor.
(4) The aluminum foil does not have the phenomenon of grease penetration no matter at high temperature or low temperature.
(5) The aluminum foil is an opaque packaging material, which can prevent heat radiation to some extent.
(6) The aluminum foil has good plasticity and can be used for packaging products with various shapes. Can also be made into containers with various shapes at will, and is suitable for making the surface of clothes.
AE-7135 alcohol gum: the acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer has the advantages of high viscosity, stable property, pollution resistance, good weather resistance, no damage to skin, no adverse effect on plastic and iron wires, elasticity after drying, no color, wide application range, good adhesion, and better material coupling. Has the following characteristics:
1. The appearance is transparent liquid, solid content: (55. + -.2)%, viscosity: 80000-120000, it has strong adhesive force.
2. The cloth can not be corroded and dissolved. Easy coating, convenient operation, rapid drying, water resistance, and transparency after drying without affecting the beauty of the adhesive.
The softness of the cloth is not affected after the adhesive tape is stuck, and the wearing comfort can be ensured.
Fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing thread: the glass fiber is made of high-temperature resistant high-strength and ultra-fine toughening glass fiber through a special process. The glass fiber high-temperature thread (high-temperature sewing thread and fireproof thread) is applied to high-temperature resistant fabric sewing, and skeleton materials such as electric insulating materials, cable fillers, winding heating wires, heating elements, heat insulating materials, sealing elements, rubber tubes, high-temperature adhesive tapes and the like.
cotton cloth: the cloth woven by cotton yarn is a general name of various cotton textiles, is used as a comfortable layer, has the characteristics of ventilation and sweat absorption, easy cleaning, no toxicity and harm and comfortable wearing, and has the advantages of light weight, comfort, softness, close fitting, excellent hygroscopicity and air permeability; the disadvantages are easy shrinkage and wrinkle, not stiff and beautiful appearance, and need to be ironed frequently when wearing. Has the following characteristics:
1. Has good moisture absorption and air permeability, comfortable wearing, soft hand feeling, soft luster and simple texture.
2. Good heat retention, good wearability, good dyeing property, bright color, complete chromatogram, but not good color fastness.
3. The alkali resistance and the acid resistance are realized, and the cross section of the fiber in the fabric can be rounded by concentrated alkali treatment, so that the luster of the fabric is improved, namely the mercerization effect.
4. The light fastness is good, but the long-term exposure causes discoloration and reduction in strength.
5. The elasticity is poor, wrinkles are easy to generate, the crease is not easy to recover, and the pure cotton fabric is easy to go moldy and deteriorate but is mothproof.
Example 1: determination of the thermal insulation Properties of a thermal insulation layer silica aerogel felt
Through comparative research on various materials with heat insulation property, SiO is finally aimed at2The heat insulation characteristic of the aerogel felt is deeply researched and analyzed, and the heat insulation layer adopted in the experiment is 6mm thick SiO2Aerogel felt, SiO2the aerogel is used as a novel material with the lowest density in the existing solid, and the heat insulation effect of the aerogel as the heat insulation layer of the fireproof suit almost shows a linear relation along with the increase of the thickness,
Before the experiment, the thickness, the flexibility degree and the heat insulation effect of the fireproof suit are considered, and SiO is approximately optimized by optimizing the result of the preliminary test of the experiment2The thickness of the aerogel felt is determined to be 6mm, and the effective practical range of the experiment is determined.
Referring to the relevant standards of the fireproof suit, the continuous combustion time of the experiment is determined to be 1min, a common lighting candle (flame temperature is 500 ℃) on the market is adopted for carrying out a fire-resistant heat insulation test, the aerogel is only used as a heat insulation layer, the outer layer is required to be made of the same high-temperature resistant material band aluminum foil ceramic fiber cloth, meanwhile, alcohol glue is added to combine the aerogel and the high-temperature resistant material band aluminum foil ceramic fiber cloth, a blank control test is arranged, when the room temperature is 28 ℃, an infrared thermometer is used for measuring the temperature2The thermal insulation properties of the aerogel blankets were compared on a single variable basis and the results are shown in figure 1.
(Note that the following materials are in simplified form, ceramic-ceramic fiber cloth, aluminum-aluminum foil, gas-SiO2Aerogel felt, wine-alcohol gel)
As can be seen from FIG. 1, SiO is not contained2When the aerogel is used as a heat insulation layer, the temperature rises steeply within 1min along with the increase of the continuous heating time, and reaches 45 ℃ only about 15s, and the temperature belongs toIn the range that the wearing personnel of the fireproof suit feel stuffy and uncomfortable; and has SiO2When the aerogel is used as a heat insulation layer, the temperature rises smoothly with the increase of the continuous heating time within 1min, and reaches 45 ℃ within about 60s, which indicates that SiO is added2After the aerogel is treated, the heat insulation effect is obvious, and the temperatures of the aerogel and the heat insulation film can still keep the original rate increase along with the increase of the heating time.
Considering the infrared radiation resisting effect of the aluminum foil on the surface and the flame retardant effect of the ceramic fiber cloth, SiO can be influenced2And (3) detecting the characteristics of the aerogel, so that on the basis of the experiment, after the aluminum foil is removed from the aerogel and the aerogel, the same experiment condition is kept, and SiO is carried out2The results of the aerogel control test are shown in FIG. 2. Meanwhile, after the aerogel is reserved in the two, the same experimental conditions are kept, and a control test with or without aluminum foil ceramic fiber cloth is carried out, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the aluminum foil was removed from both surface layers, and the surface layers were SiO-free2when the aerogel is used as a heat insulation layer, the temperature rises more steeply within 1 minute along with the increase of the continuous heating time, and reaches 45 ℃ only within about 10 seconds, so that the interior of the fireproof suit can reach the temperature range of sultriness and discomfort of a human body; and contains SiO2When the aerogel is used as a heat insulation layer, the temperature rises more smoothly with the increase of the continuous heating time within 1min, reaches 45 ℃ within about 38s, and the SiO is added again2After aerogel treatment, SiO2The aerogel has obvious heat insulation effect, and the temperatures of the aerogel and the aerogel can still keep increasing at the original rate along with the increase of the heating time. Meanwhile, through the analysis of experimental data in fig. 1 and fig. 2, when the temperature of the aluminum foil and the temperature of the aluminum foil reach 45 ℃, the time is advanced, and the aluminum foil also has a non-negligible effect on resisting the infrared radiation of flame and can reflect partial infrared rays.
as can be seen from FIG. 3, when the ceramic fiber cloth without aluminum foil is used as the outer layer, the temperature rises more smoothly with the increase of the continuous heating time within 1min, and reaches 45 ℃ within about 30s, so that the interior of the fireproof suit can reach the temperature range of the stuffy and uncomfortable human body; when the ceramic fiber cloth with the aluminum foil is used as the outer layer, the temperature rises gently along with the increase of the continuous heating time within 1min, and reaches 45 ℃ within about 60s, which shows that the ceramic fiber cloth with the aluminum foil has the heat insulation effect after being used as the outer layer, but the heat insulation effect is not obvious compared with that of figure 1. And both temperatures will still increase at the original rates as the heating time increases.
Using the principle of single variable, each variable was studied in comparison one by one, and the overall experimental data was compared as shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the temperature of each experimental group increases with the time, but the temperature varies with the degree of change, and it can be seen from the figure that the experimental group with only ceramic fiber cloth and alcohol glue is the steepest, and the experimental group with aluminum foil ceramic fiber cloth, aerogel and alcohol glue is the gentler. The experimental group is shown to have the best heat insulation effect.
Example 2: determination of odor adsorption characteristics of SiO2 aerogel felt
From SiO2Structural characteristics of aerogel blanket were analyzed due to SiO2The aerogel has the characteristic of high gas conductivity, and the gas is subjected to a gas filtration test, only the ceramic fiber cloth with the surface layer being an aluminum foil or 97-type fireproof clothing cloth is burnt outside a candle, and the irritant odor can be obviously smelled, but the aerogel passes through alcohol glue and SiO2After the aerogel felt is combined and treated, the test is carried out under the same experimental conditions, and the irritant odor is hardly smelled, which indicates that SiO2The aerogel felt plays the roles of adsorbing media and filtering air.
Example 3: determination of easy-to-clean characteristic of aluminum foil
The above comparative experiment shows that the aluminum foil has good infrared radiation resistance, and in consideration of the smooth and hydrophobic characteristics of the surface of the aluminum foil, after candle burning experiments, the research finds that the carbon black remained on the surface of the aluminum foil can be wiped off by wet rags or paper towels, so that the easy cleaning characteristic of the aluminum foil is fully explained, and the cleaning work of the fireproof clothing is facilitated.
Example 4: preparation method of fireproof suit
The fireproof suit is firstly cut and sewn in blocks according to a drawn design drawing, the composite material is divided into five plates according to the left and right sides of the front side of the body, the back and the arms at the two sides of the body, each plate is sewn by fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads, and the wires at the joint are retracted inside the fireproof suit as much as possible during sewing, so that direct contact with high-temperature flame in a fire scene is avoided, and the area of the weak part of the fireproof suit is reduced as much as possible.
Next to carry out surface treatment processing to preliminary fashioned fire-resistant clothes, sew up fire-resistant fluorescence cloth with fire prevention fire-retardant glass fiber sewing thread on both sides arm surface and body trunk part, so that discern personnel's position in the dense cigarette of conflagration scene, install the fire prevention zip fastener additional in clothes front side merger department, and leave the surperficial ceramic fiber cloth of certain width in the outside of zip fastener, paste the fire-resistant clothes of zip fastener both sides through the magic and glue together, play the guard action to the zip fastener. The collar of the fireproof suit is treated in a targeted manner, so that the fireproof suit has fireproof performance and wearing comfort.
Then the fireproof suit after surface treatment is processed internally, the cotton cloth is cut and then sewn inside the fireproof suit by fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads to serve as a comfortable layer. A built-in pocket is designed on the inner layer of the clothes, and a GPS positioning chip is implanted.
And finally, carrying out a final series of tests on the finished fireproof suit product, including a heat insulation performance test: the flame at 500 ℃ is directly burnt for 1 minute, the temperature of the inner side is not higher than 40 ℃, and the phenomena of melting and dripping are avoided. And (3) testing the GPS positioning performance: and testing the positioning effect, and controlling the error to be 5-10 m. And whether feedback can be timely provided. And (3) weight test: and testing whether the weight of the fireproof suit meets the national standard, wherein the weight of the whole set of the suit is not more than 3.5 kg. And (3) testing the strength: the dry breaking strength in warp and weft directions should not be less than 650N. The tearing strength in the warp direction and the weft direction is not less than 100N. The breaking strength of the outer seam of the protective clothing is not less than 650N. And (3) testing air permeability: the water vapor transmission capacity is not less than 5000 g/square meter and 24 h. And (3) durability test: after washing for 25 times, the phenomena of breakage, falling off and color change should not occur. The fire-proof suit passing all tests is a qualified finished product.
Aiming at the problems of insufficient fireproof heat-insulating performance and insufficient heat radiation resistance of the existing fireproof clothing, the novel material nano Silica aerogel (Silica aerogel) is adopted and compounded with glass fiber to form a Silica aerogel felt through special process treatment, acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer AE-7135 alcohol glue is selected as an adhesive, and a high-temperature-resistant high-strength fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing thread is utilized to sew with an external protective layer (with aluminum foil ceramic fiber cloth) of the fireproof clothing, so that the novel fireproof heat-insulating composite material is prepared. The composite material passes through a 500 ℃ flame continuous combustion experiment, the temperature rising condition is monitored in real time by using a temperature measuring gun, various combination forms of the aerogel composite material are compared with common fireproof cloth, the temperature rising condition of the composite materials in different forms after continuous combustion is determined, and the composite material with the least temperature rising amount in the same combustion time is selected as the optimal combination. The material composition is as follows: the surface layer is 2mm of ceramic fiber cloth of aluminum foil, 6mm of aerogel felt and alcohol gel. After the composite material is continuously combusted by the flame of 500 ℃ for 21 seconds, the inner side temperature is 32.3 ℃, after the composite material is continuously combusted by the flame of 500 ℃ for 60 seconds, the inner side temperature is 43.9 ℃, and after the composite material is continuously combusted by the flame of 1300 ℃ for 60 seconds, the inner side temperature is 59.8 ℃. For 97 formula fire-entry suit cloth 500 ℃ flame 10s last burning structure promptly destroyed, novel silica aerogel combined material has realized the promotion by a wide margin of fire-proof heat-proof quality of fire-entry suit, can provide safe and reliable's guarantee more for fire fighter's fire prevention relief disaster. The novel fireproof suit made of the silicon dioxide aerogel composite material has the advantages of excellent fireproof and heat-insulating performance, low price and wide application. On the basis, the GPS positioning chip carrying the virtual telephone module is implanted into the fireproof suit innovatively by utilizing the satellite positioning technology, two functions of positioning the position of a fireman in a fire scene and timely feeding back fire scene information are realized, a new thought is provided for the research of novel fireproof suits, and the novel fireproof suit has important practical guidance significance for the development of fire protection careers.
While several embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fireproof suit based on the silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is characterized in that a fireproof layer of the fireproof suit sequentially comprises an aluminum foil, ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon dioxide aerogel felt from the surface to the inside; the silica aerogel felt is subjected to modification treatment by acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer AE-7135 alcohol glue; the aluminum foil, the ceramic fiber cloth and the silicon dioxide aerogel felt are combined into a whole.
2. the silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 1, wherein the modification treatment is in particular: AE-7135 alcohol glue is uniformly coated on 2 side faces of the silica aerogel felt, and the silica aerogel felt can be tightly attached to the inner surface of the ceramic fiber cloth while flexibility of the silica aerogel felt is kept.
3. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 1, wherein said aluminum foil and said ceramic fiber cloth are stacked in a single layer, or a ceramic fiber cloth with an aluminum foil surface layer is directly used.
4. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 1, wherein a cotton cloth layer is provided as a comfort layer on the inner surface of said silica aerogel blanket.
5. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said aluminum foil has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4mm, said ceramic fiber cloth has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3mm, and said silica aerogel blanket has a thickness of 4 to 6 mm.
6. The silica aerogel composite-based fire suit of claim 5, wherein said aluminum foil is 0.3mm thick, said ceramic fiber cloth is 0.2mm thick, and said silica aerogel blanket is 5mm thick.
7. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 5, wherein said fire protection suit is sewn using fire-resistant and fire-retardant fiberglass sewing thread to secure the composite material, ensuring the overall structural stability and the components are not slip or dislocated.
8. The silica aerogel composite-based fireprotective clothing of claim 5, wherein a GPS positioning chip is provided in said fireprotective clothing.
9. A fire suit based on a silica aerogel composite according to claim 6, characterized in that said fire suit has a fire resistance temperature and time such as to reach: when the flame is continuously contacted with the flame of 500 ℃, the comfort critical value of 41.3 ℃ is reached after 1 min; upon continued exposure to the 1300 ℃ flame, 59.8 ℃ is reached after 1 min.
10. The method of preparing a silica aerogel composite-based fire suit according to any of claims 1 to 10, comprising:
The fireproof suit is cut and sewn in blocks according to a design drawing, a composite material consisting of aluminum foils, ceramic fiber cloth and silicon dioxide aerogel felts is divided into five plates according to the left and right sides, the back and the arms at the two sides of the body, each plate is sewn by fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads, and the threads at the joint are retracted into the fireproof suit as much as possible during sewing;
Surface treatment processing, namely sewing fireproof fluorescent cloth on the surfaces of arms at two sides and the trunk part of a body by using fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads so as to identify the position of a person in dense smoke in a fire scene, additionally arranging a fireproof zipper at the combination position of the front side of the clothes, reserving surface ceramic fiber cloth with a certain width at the outer side of the zipper, and adhering fireproof clothes at two sides of the zipper together by using a magic tape so as to play a role in protecting the zipper;
The fireproof clothing after surface treatment is internally processed, cotton cloth is cut, and then the fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber is sewn inside the fireproof clothing to serve as a comfortable layer; a built-in pocket is designed on the inner layer of the clothes, and a GPS positioning chip is implanted.
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| CN116423938A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-07-14 | 武汉纺织大学 | Heat protection fabric with multi-dimensional composite structure and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191213 |