CN110557997A

CN110557997A - Construction method of slope ecological restoration system

Info

Publication number: CN110557997A
Application number: CN201910992044.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李谦
Original assignee: Sichuan Handsome Technology Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Lianggu Ecological Environment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-18
Filing date: 2019-10-18
Publication date: 2019-12-13
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-18
Also published as: CN110557997B

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of a slope ecological restoration system, and aims to solve the ecological restoration problem of various slopes of 0-75 degrees. The slope ecological restoration system comprises a slope surface and a protection component arranged on the slope surface; the slope surface is a stone side slope, and the protection component comprises a matrix improvement compound layer, a first soil covering layer, a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, a second soil covering layer and an anti-erosion water retention compound layer which are arranged on the stone side slope. The method can improve the water retention and permeability of the soil, promote the absorption and the transformation of nutrients more quickly, provide nutrient components for the growth of plants, provide a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms and plants, effectively shorten the germination time of seeds, accelerate the development of roots and grow up and accelerate the vegetation to form lawns. Simultaneously, this application can not only resist the erosion of wind and rain, can also resist the washing away of less catchment runoff to substrate and top soil, and the combination inoxidizing coating that forms with it makes protective capacities further strengthen after the vegetation, can effectively reduce erosion and soil erosion and water loss problem for a long time.

Description

Construction method of slope ecological restoration system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management engineering, in particular to a construction method of a slope ecological restoration system.

background

the side slope is a slope body formed naturally or artificially, and can be divided into a soil slope and a rock slope according to stratum lithology, and can be divided into a permanent slope and a temporary slope according to the service life. Slope greening is a new ecological slope protection mode capable of effectively protecting bare slopes, and is combined with traditional civil engineering slope protection (reinforced anchor supports, hanging nets, lattices and the like) to effectively realize ecological vegetation restoration and protection of the slopes. The main purpose of slope protection is to realize the function of keeping water and soil and improve the environment and landscape.

with the rapid development of economic society, the basic construction speed of China is accelerated, and a large number of bare slopes, and wet side slopes in falling zones such as river channels, lakes and reservoirs and the like are formed due to the implementation of construction projects such as traffic, water conservancy, mines, electric power and the like. The exposed slopes not only influence the ecological environment landscape, but also have geological disaster hidden dangers to influence the safety and stability of the main greening engineering. Therefore, slope greening is vigorously carried out in many places. The slope greening has obvious environmental protection significance, and can beautify the environment, preserve water sources, prevent soil erosion and landslide and purify air. For the rocky side slope, the environmental protection significance of the side slope greening is particularly outstanding.

The key to solve the problem of slope vegetation recovery lies in improving and providing the growth elements required by vegetation through various engineering measures: nutrient, water, air. The main problem of the ecological restoration of the side slope in the prior art is that the vegetation does not have enough nutrition and water as a support, so that the practical use effect of many existing ecological restoration systems is poor, and the ecological restoration problem of the side slope cannot be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a slope ecological restoration system, which solves the ecological restoration problem of various slopes of 0-75 degrees. A slope ecological restoration system comprises a slope surface and a protection component arranged on the slope surface;

The slope surface is a stone side slope, and the protection assembly comprises a matrix improvement composite layer, a first soil covering layer, a 3D soil fixation net cushion layer, a second soil covering layer and an anti-erosion water retention composite layer, which are arranged on the stone side slope;

Or the slope surface is a soil slope, and the protection component comprises a 3D soil fixation net cushion layer, two covering soil layers and an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer which are arranged on the soil slope.

If the slope is steep, the 3D soil fixation mesh cushion layer is a reinforced 3D soil fixation mesh cushion; and if the slope is gentle slope, the 3D soil fixation net cushion layer is a standard 3D soil fixation net cushion.

Plant seeds are respectively arranged in the matrix improvement compound layer, the first soil covering layer, the 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, the second soil covering layer and the anti-erosion water retention compound layer;

Or plant seeds are respectively arranged in the 3D soil fixation mesh cushion layer, the two covering soil layers and the anti-erosion water-retention compound layer.

the soil adopted by the first and second covering soil layers is viscous ploughing and planting soil, and the covering thickness of the soil is 3-6 cm.

The plowing and planting soil is used for sowing plant seeds in the covering process.

The spraying quality of one or both of the matrix modified composite layer and the anti-corrosion water retention composite layer is not less than 400g per square meter.

The construction method of the side slope ecological restoration system comprises the following steps:

S1, cleaning slope

Removing impurities on the surface of the side slope, and trimming the slope surface to be a designed slope;

S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad

After S1, laying a 3D soil fixation net pad on the surface of the slope, wherein the 3D soil fixation net pad is fixedly connected with the slope through a pin;

S5, secondary earthing

After the 3D soil fixation net cushion is laid, covering a soil layer on the surface of the 3D soil fixation net cushion to form a secondary soil covering layer, and ensuring that soil completely covers the soil fixation net cushion;

s6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound

After the two layers of covering soil layers are finished, laying an anti-corrosion water-retaining composite layer on the surface of the covering soil layers.

in the step S5, plant seeds are sown in a soil layer;

In step S6, plant seeds are mixed in the anti-erosion water-retaining compound, and the anti-erosion water-retaining compound layer is laid in a hydraulic spray-seeding manner.

In the step S4, the 3D soil fixation mesh pad is divided into a plurality of pieces, which are laid from the upper end of the side slope to the lower end of the side slope, two adjacent upper and lower soil fixation mesh pads are partially overlapped, and the soil fixation mesh pad below presses the upper soil fixation mesh pad.

In the step S4, when the slope inclination is 0-45 degrees, the soil fixation mesh pad adopts an open-pore three-dimensional mesh pad made of polyamide fiber monofilaments; when the slope inclination is 45-80 degrees, the soil fixation mesh pad adopts a reinforced water and soil protection blanket formed by integrating a high-toughness polyester soil grid in hot-melted and entangled three-dimensional nylon monofilaments.

Also comprises the following steps:

s2 laying of matrix-modified composite

Uniformly spraying the matrix improved compound mixed with the plant seeds on the slope surface through high-pressure spraying equipment to form a matrix improved compound layer;

s3, covering a layer of soil

Covering a layer of soil on the slope surface sprayed with the matrix improvement compound layer to form a covering soil layer, wherein the soil layer completely covers the soil improvement agent layer;

And on the basis of one covering soil layer, laying the 3D soil fixing net cushion in the step S4.

In the step S2, plant seeds are mixed in the matrix improvement compound, and the matrix improvement compound layer is laid by a hydraulic spray seeding method;

In the step S3, plant seeds are sown in the soil layer.

As mentioned above, the existing side slopes are usually bare soil or weathered rock slopes formed by mines, roads, railways, building engineering, geological disasters and the like, and the surface integrity and the form of the side slopes are different, so that the slopes are easy to be eroded by rainfall and catchment, water and soil are not easy to maintain, and the vegetation recovery difficulty is high. The applicant finds that the key to solving the slope vegetation restoration is to improve the holding capacity and provide the growth elements required by vegetation through various engineering measures: nutrient, water, air. Further, the inventor provides a construction method of the slope ecological restoration system. In the application, water can be provided through natural rainfall, or supplemented (maintenance or irrigation system) through a manual mode, and can be selected and adjusted according to the rainwater environment of a project site; air: in most cases, supplement is not needed, and part of hard and compact soil body needs to be loosened; nutrition: under the condition of poor or lack of a soil layer, the soil condition is improved through engineering measures in the scheme, the soil layer is reconstructed, and the adhesion, the scour resistance and the structural stability of the soil are enhanced; in addition, the plants are selected to be suitable for local growth as much as possible, so that foreign seeds are avoided; before greening the side slope, the integral stability of the side slope needs to be ensured; if the side slope is unstable, greening can be carried out after the side slope disaster reduction and reinforcement treatment is carried out.

as described above, the land side slope protection soil stabilization layer slope fixing technology is divided into a stone side slope and a soil side slope according to different side slope matrixes. Aiming at the soil side slope, the protection component comprises a matrix improvement compound layer, a first soil covering layer, a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, a second soil covering layer and an anti-erosion water retention compound layer, wherein the matrix improvement compound layer is arranged on the stone side slope; aiming at the soil slope, the protection component comprises a 3D soil fixation net cushion layer, two layers of covering soil layers and an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer which are arranged on the soil slope. Meanwhile, the inventor carries out corresponding tests on the application, and the test results are shown in fig. 6 to 9.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The net pad materials adopted in the application are all inert polymer materials or pure natural material extracts, have no pollution or damage to the environment, can be used for various slope wading and even water source ground projects, and are environment-friendly;

(2) by adopting the method, the soil can be firmly grabbed effectively, the water retention and permeability of the soil can be improved, the absorption and conversion of nutrients can be promoted more quickly, nutrient components can be provided for the growth of plants, a suitable environment can be provided for the growth of microorganisms and plants, the germination time of seeds can be effectively shortened, the development and the growth of root systems and the vegetation formation of lawn can be accelerated, after the upper and lower plants grow well, the rooting system can be twisted with the net-shaped material effectively, and the vegetation layer is not easy to fall off; the experiment shows that: under the same external condition, compared with untreated soil, the application can achieve the promotion effect of 800%; meanwhile, the water-retaining paint has better water-retaining performance, and the anti-corrosion water-retaining composite layer contained in the water-retaining paint can absorb 15 times of water by weight of the water-retaining paint; based on the overall structure design of the protection assembly, the water evaporation of the lower soil layer can be reduced, the soil temperature is kept constant, and the superior vegetation growth living environment is kept, so that the excellent vegetation recovery effect is achieved; the matrix improvement compound can effectively improve the soil fertility and the adhesion of new soil and an original base layer; through determination, the growth survival rate of the vegetation in the application is eight times of that of bare soil;

(3) The anti-erosion capacity of the water-based soil-erosion-resistant composite material is strong, erosion of wind and rain can be resisted, scouring of smaller catchment runoff on a base material and surface soil can be resisted, the protective capacity is further enhanced through a combined protective layer formed by the plant and the water-erosion-resistant composite material after the plant grows, and the problems of erosion and water and soil loss can be effectively reduced for a long time;

(4) Further, the matrix-modified composite layer and the anti-corrosion water-retention composite layer adopted by the application are both light materials, each of which is about 400g per square meter, so that the stability problems of slope instability and the like caused by gravity can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the undisturbed slope is strived not to be disturbed to the maximum extent;

(5) The construction is convenient and fast, the construction efficiency can be effectively accelerated, the requirement on the construction working face is correspondingly reduced, and the construction is simple and fast;

(6) Through practical verification, the slope protection method is good in slope protection effect and reliable in quality, can be used for construction of engineering projects such as sponge cities, and has a good application prospect.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a substrate-modified composite product.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the product of the erosion preventing water-retaining composite.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a standard 3D soil stabilization mat product.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a product of the reinforced 3D soil stabilization mesh pad.

Fig. 5 is a site view of the construction of the anti-erosion water-retention composite.

Fig. 6 is a comparative diagram of a slope reconstruction project using the present application.

Fig. 7 is a comparative diagram of a mining slope reconstruction project using the present application.

Fig. 8 is a comparison diagram of a road slope reconstruction project using the present application.

Fig. 9 is a comparative diagram of another road slope reconstruction project using the present application.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Slope protection operation

Example 1 rocky slope protection

in this embodiment, the whole construction sequence of the stone side slope is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of slope cleaning, matrix improvement compound laying, first layer soil covering, 3D soil fixing net pad laying (rib type 3D soil fixing net pad (RIF) is applied to a steep slope, standard type 3D soil fixing net pad (STD) is applied to a gentle slope), second layer soil covering, erosion prevention and water retention compound laying, and specific operation is as follows.

S1, cleaning slope

And removing impurities such as broken stones and unstable stones on the surface of the side slope. And the side slope is reinforced, and the integral stability of the side slope is ensured. And then the slope of the side slope is repaired to the designed slope and is smooth and linear, so that the side slope does not have large bulges or depressions.

S2 laying of matrix-modified composite

And uniformly covering the slope with the matrix improved composite in a hydraulic spraying manner to form a matrix improved composite layer. The coverage per square meter must not be less than 400 g. During spraying, the matrix-modified composite is mixed with plant seeds.

S3, covering a layer of soil

After the substrate improvement compound layer is laid, covering 3-6cm of soil, preferably ploughing and planting soil or common clay on the surface of the substrate improvement compound layer to form a covering soil layer. The sandy soil is not selected as much as possible, and the plant seeds are sown in the covering process.

S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad

After one layer of soil covering layer is finished, laying the coiled 3D soil fixing net pad on the soil covering layer from top to bottom, fixing the 3D soil fixing net pad in a slope top and slope toe anchoring ditch mode, and fixing the 3D soil fixing net pad on the slope through U-shaped nails. In this embodiment, the distance between the U-shaped nails is 1m, and if the distance between the U-shaped nails is increased moderately in a fluctuating slope section, the 3D soil fixation net pad is attached to the slope surface without generating a cavity. The 3D soil fixation net pads are overlapped in a mode of overlapping by 10-15cm from top to bottom and are fixed by U-shaped nails.

in this embodiment, according to the difference of slope, select corresponding 3D soil stabilization mat. If the slope is a steep slope, applying a reinforced 3D soil-fixing net pad; and if the slope is gentle slope, applying a standard type 3D soil-fixing net pad.

S5, covering the two layers with soil

After the 3D soil stabilization net pad is laid, covering 3-6cm of soil, preferably ploughed planting soil or common clay on the surface of the 3D soil stabilization net pad to form a two-layer soil covering layer. The sandy soil is not selected as much as possible, and the plant seeds are sown in the covering process.

S6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound

After the two layers of covering soil layers are finished, the erosion-proof water-retention compound is uniformly covered on the slope surface through equipment in a hydraulic spray seeding mode. The coverage per square meter must not be less than 400 g. Mixing the plant seeds during spraying and sowing.

In this example, the matrix-modified composite is shown in fig. 1, which is a commercially available product, purchased from the university of Sichuan, science and technology group, Inc., and is a soil-modifying medium composed of wood fibers, various biological and natural minerals, polysaccharide biopolymers, and endophytes. As shown in FIG. 2, the anti-erosion water-retaining composition is a commercially available product, purchased from Sichuan Lianggu science and technology group, is a vegetation promotion and protection medium, and mainly comprises various delicate fibers, high molecular polymers, water-retaining groups, microporous particles, growth promoters and the like.

a standard 3D soil stabilization mesh pad is shown in fig. 3, which is an open-celled three-dimensional mesh pad made of polyamide fiber (nylon 6) monofilament with a porosity of over 95%, as shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Mechanical properties of material	Standard of merit	Numerical value	Allowable difference value
				Type of Polymer		PA6
Type of construction		3D release type
				Density of		1.14g/m³	+/-0.05
Weight (D)	EN IOS 9864	400g/㎡	+/-40
				thickness of		18mm	+/-3
tensile Strength-transverse (CMD)	EN IOS 10319	1.6kN/m	+/-0.4
				Tensile Strength-Machine Direction (MD)	EN IOS 10319	2.2kN/m	+/-0.4
Elongation at Break-Cross Direction (CMD)	EN IOS 10319	＞80％
				Elongation at Break-Machine Direction (MD)	EN IOS 10319	＞80％
Strength Retention Rate after xenon arc aging-Cross Machine Direction (CMD) (500h)	ASTMD 4355	＞93％
				Strength Retention after xenon arc aging-Machine Direction (MD) (500h)	ASTMD 4355	＞93％
Application temperature		-40/80℃
				Flame retardant rating	DIN 4102	B2
Porosity afforded by three-dimensional structures		≥95％
				Coefficient of soil retention		＞1300m/㎡
Length/width		100m/3.85m
				Roll length/roll diameter		3.85m/1.3m
gross weight/volume		154kg

In this embodiment, the reinforced 3D soil-fixation mesh pad is purchased from the mitsui scientific and technology group ltd, and as shown in fig. 4, a high-toughness polyester geogrid is integrated into a hot-melted and entangled three-dimensional nylon monofilament to form a uniform and high-performance reinforced water and soil protection blanket (HP-TRM), and the parameters thereof are shown in table 2 below.

TABLE 2

In this embodiment, the hill-clearing process is performed first; then, matrix improvement compound laying is carried out, which can realize the self-generation repair of low organic matter, low nutrition level and barren soil, thereby playing the roles of improving the soil structure, building the microbial germination environment of the soil and improving the vegetation germination rate; a covering soil layer is arranged on the soil layer, then 3D soil fixation net cushions are laid on the soil layer, the 3D soil fixation net cushions reduce the water and soil loss of slope protection, the purpose of erosion resistance is achieved, and the maximum fixing is provided for soil and plant roots; and then two layers of soil covering layers are arranged on the artificial lawn, and then the anti-corrosion water-retention composite layer is laid, so that a layer of fiber vegetation blanket which uniformly wraps the seeds can be formed on the surface of the artificial lawn, and the artificial lawn has the functions of improving the growth environment of the seeds, preventing erosion, preserving heat, retaining water, accelerating the growth of plants and strengthening roots, thereby achieving the excellent greening effect of quickly forming the lawn. Simultaneously, all be provided with plant seeds in each layer of this application, plant roots after the plant sprouts, grows can form the secondary protection of a system to realize the effective combination of afforestation and soil and water conservation.

example 2 soil slope protection

In this embodiment, the side slope is a soil side slope, and the soil side slope construction sequence is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of slope clearing, 3D soil fixation mesh mat laying (rib type (RIF) is applied to a steep slope, Standard Type (STD) is applied to a gentle slope), two layers of soil covering, erosion prevention and water retention compound laying, and the concrete operation is as follows.

S1, cleaning slope

S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad

S5, covering the two layers with soil

S6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound

(II) slope protection verification

Corresponding verification is carried out, the anti-corrosion water-retention compound is paved on a construction site as shown in figure 5, and relevant experimental results are as follows.

Fig. 6 is a comparative diagram of a slope reconstruction project using the present application. Fig. 6a is an undisturbed slope, and fig. 6b is a slope after 3 months of application.

Fig. 7 is a comparative diagram of a mining slope reconstruction project using the present application. Fig. 7a is an undisturbed slope, and fig. 7b is a slope after 3 months of application.

Fig. 8 is a comparison diagram of a road slope reconstruction project using the present application. Fig. 8a is an undisturbed slope, and fig. 8b is a slope view after 1 month of the application.

fig. 9 is a comparative diagram of another road slope reconstruction project using the present application. Fig. 9a is an undisturbed slope, and fig. 9b is a slope view 2 months after the application is applied.

The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims

1. A construction method of a slope ecological restoration system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1, cleaning slope

S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad

s5, secondary earthing

S6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound

2. the construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, plant seeds are sown in a soil layer;

3. The construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S4, the 3D soil fixation net pads are divided into a plurality of blocks, and the blocks are laid from the upper end of the side slope to the lower end of the side slope, the two adjacent upper and lower soil fixation net pads are partially overlapped, and the lower soil fixation net pad presses the upper soil fixation net pad.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S4, when the slope inclination is 0-45 °, the soil fixation net pad is an open-pore three-dimensional net pad made of polyamide fiber monofilament; when the slope inclination is 45-80 degrees, the soil fixation mesh pad adopts a reinforced water and soil protection blanket formed by integrating a high-toughness polyester soil grid in hot-melted and entangled three-dimensional nylon monofilaments.

5. the construction method according ~ any one of claims 1 ~ 4, further comprising the steps of:

s2 laying of matrix-modified composite

S3, covering a layer of soil

6. the construction method according ~ any one of claims 1 ~ 5, wherein in step S2, plant seeds are mixed in the matrix modification compound, and the matrix modification compound layer is laid by hydraulic spray seeding;

In the step S3, plant seeds are sown in the soil layer.