CN110553398A - Premixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler before gas combustion - Google Patents
Premixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler before gas combustion Download PDFInfo
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- CN110553398A CN110553398A CN201910953559.9A CN201910953559A CN110553398A CN 110553398 A CN110553398 A CN 110553398A CN 201910953559 A CN201910953559 A CN 201910953559A CN 110553398 A CN110553398 A CN 110553398A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 257
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
- F24H8/006—Means for removing condensate from the heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/24—Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gas pre-mixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler, which comprises a boiler body and a tail smoke box, the preheating device comprises a front premixing burner and a circulating water preheating bin, wherein the front premixing burner is fixed at the top of a furnace body, a plurality of groups of heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are arranged in the furnace body, a heat medium water chamber is arranged on the rear side of the furnace body, the upper part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the outlet of the uppermost heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, the lower part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the inlet of the lowermost heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a heat medium steam chamber communicated with the heat medium water chamber is arranged on the upper side of the heat medium water chamber, a heat exchange chamber communicated with the heat medium steam chamber is arranged on the rear side of the heat medium water chamber, a built-in vacuum heat exchanger is arranged in the heat exchange chamber, a heat medium condensed water cavity is formed in the space below the heat exchange chamber, the bottom of the heat medium. The invention has novel structure, low exhaust gas temperature, high heat exchange efficiency and good heat exchange effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum hot water boiler, in particular to a gas pre-mixing top-spraying type multi-stage condensation vacuum hot water boiler.
background
The vacuum boiler is characterized in that a negative-pressure vacuum environment is formed in a sealed furnace body, heat medium water is filled in the machine body, the heat medium water is heated by combustion or other modes, then the heat medium water is evaporated and condensed onto a heat exchanger, and then the heat exchanger is used for heating water to be heated.
At present, a conventional vacuum boiler is generally provided with a plurality of layers of heat exchange tube bundles inside a boiler body, such as: application publication number CN106123339A, application publication number 2016.11.16's chinese patent discloses a condensing vacuum boiler, including combustion chamber, combustor, flue gas waste heat recovery device, air preheating device, air-blower, the export of discharging fume, the air-blower is connected with air preheating device's air inlet end, air preheating device's air outlet end is connected with the combustor, the combustor is connected with the combustion chamber, the exhanst gas outlet and the flue gas waste heat recovery device of combustion chamber are connected, flue gas waste heat recovery device's exit end is connected with air preheating device, the air preheating device upper end is provided with the export of discharging fume. The condensing vacuum boiler has the following defects: (1) after heating the heat medium water in the liquid tube group into steam, the steam rises to the upper space to exchange heat with the heat exchange tube bundle (the built-in vacuum heat exchanger), the steam is changed into condensed water after heat exchange and flows down along the tube wall of the liquid tube group, the water drops after steam condensation are mixed with the heated heat medium water which rises in the liquid tube group, so that the temperature of the heat medium water in the liquid tube group is relatively close (namely the temperature difference between the heat medium water at the top and the heat medium water at the bottom is small), and the heat exchange effect and the heat exchange efficiency are greatly reduced; (2) the rising direction of the heat medium water vapor is opposite to the condensing and dripping direction of the heat medium water, the flow velocity of the vapor outside the heat exchange pipe is influenced, and the heat exchange and the mass exchange can be carried out when the heat medium water vapor and the heat medium water vapor meet each other, so that the vapor is changed into low-quality wet vapor, the heat exchange effect is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is low; (3) the combustor adopts a side-spraying type, smoke moves from right to left, and is not reversely arranged with the group liquid pipe at high and low temperatures, so that the temperature of tail smoke is too high, the smoke can be only partially condensed, and the utilization of latent heat of vaporization in the smoke is not high; (4) the group liquid pipes adopt convection pipe bundles which are vertically arranged, the pipe bundles adopt light pipes, and in order to meet the heat exchange requirement of the boiler, a large number of densely arranged vertical light pipes are required, so that the boiler is large in size and large in occupied area, the passing resistance of smoke is increased, and the heat exchange effect and the heat exchange efficiency are influenced; (5) the condensed heat medium water can be attached to the surface of a heat exchange tube bundle (a built-in vacuum heat exchanger) to form a water film, and the heat exchange effect is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the condensing vacuum boiler in the prior art, and provides the gas-fired pre-mixing top-spraying type multistage condensing vacuum hot water boiler which is novel in structure, small in overall size, capable of performing heat exchange by reversely flowing heat medium water and high-temperature flue gas, completely separated in heat medium evaporation and heat medium condensation space, free of mutual interference in evaporation and condensation and capable of greatly improving the heat exchange effect and the heat exchange efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a gas-fired front-premixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler which comprises a boiler body, a tail smoke box and a front premixing burner, wherein the tail smoke box is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe; the front premix burner is fixed at the top of the furnace body and is connected with the furnace body; a plurality of groups of transverse and communicated heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are arranged in the furnace body at intervals along the longitudinal direction, a heat medium water chamber is arranged at the rear side of the furnace body, a plurality of staggered baffle plates are arranged in the heat medium water chamber from top to bottom, the upper part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the outlet of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the top, and the lower part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the inlet of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the bottom; a heat medium steam chamber is arranged on the upper side of the heat medium water chamber and is communicated with the heat medium water chamber, a heat exchange chamber is arranged on the rear side of the heat medium water chamber, the upper part of the heat exchange chamber is communicated with the heat medium steam chamber, an internal vacuum heat exchanger is arranged on the upper part in the heat exchange chamber, a heat medium condensate water cavity is formed in the space of the heat exchange chamber below the internal vacuum heat exchanger, and the bottom of the heat medium condensate water cavity is communicated with the lower part of the heat medium water chamber through a heat medium condensate water descending pipe; and a cold water pipe bundle is arranged in the return water preheating bin, an inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is connected with a return water pipe, and an outlet of the cold water pipe bundle is connected with an inlet of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger through a circulating pipe. The front premix burner comprises an air and gas mixing device, a fan, a fire tube bank and other structures, is conventional equipment in the field, and the specific structure of the front premix burner is not described any more; the front premix burner is fixed at the top of the furnace body (namely, a top-spraying type burner is adopted), so that high-temperature smoke (downward) and heat medium water (upward) form high-temperature and low-temperature reverse flow heat exchange, the heat exchange is more sufficient, a heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is easier to clean, and a flue is difficult to block; the interior of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is in a vacuum state and contains a certain amount of heat medium water; the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are communicated with one another, so that a circulation passage of hot medium water from bottom to top is formed among the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles, a plurality of groups of heat medium heat exchange tube bundles can exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas from top to bottom step by step, the temperature of the flue gas is gradually reduced from top to bottom, multi-stage condensation of the high-temperature flue gas is realized, the heating efficiency of a heat medium is improved, a heat exchange structure with the direction of the high-temperature flue gas and the direction of condensed water arranged in a reverse direction is formed, the temperature of tail flue gas is greatly reduced, the utilization of latent heat of vaporization in the flue gas is greatly improved, the exhaust temperature is close to the return water temperature, the thermal; when the boiler is started, the temperature of the heating medium water in the upper heating medium heat exchange tube bundle (close to the front premix burner) rises quickly, the temperature of the heating medium water in the bottom heating medium heat exchange tube bundle rises slowly, and because the heating medium water in the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle can not form natural circulation at first, the temperature difference of the heating medium water in the upper heating medium heat exchange tube bundle and the heating medium water in the lower heating medium heat exchange tube bundle is larger, and the vaporization speeds of the heating medium water are different, in order to solve the problem, the invention adds the heating medium water chamber, the upper part and the lower part of the heating medium water chamber are respectively communicated with the outlet of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the top and the inlet of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the bottom, so that a circulation passage is formed between the heating medium water chamber and the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle, therefore, when the boiler is started, the heating medium water can firstly circulate, the temperature difference is small so as to ensure that the heating medium vapor is rapidly and uniformly generated; in addition, a certain amount of heat medium water is arranged in the heat medium water chamber, so that the function of supplementing the heat medium water in the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is achieved, the capacity of the heat medium water in the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is increased, and the heat supply capacity is improved; the baffle plate enables the heating medium water in the heating medium water chamber to be in different channels to form staged heating, prevents the heating medium water in the heating medium water chamber from being directly communicated up and down, and causes the heating medium water in the heating medium water chamber to be vaporized so as to enable the heating medium water in the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle at the lowest part to flow back to the heating medium water chamber from an inlet (low end), thereby ensuring that the condensed heating medium water can enter from the inlet (low end) of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle at the lowest part all the time; the heat medium steam chamber plays a role in buffering, so that heat medium steam can uniformly and stably enter the heat exchange chamber; the heat exchange chamber is a space for condensing the heat medium steam, the heat medium evaporation space (furnace body) and the heat medium steam condensation space (heat exchange chamber) are completely separated, so that the evaporation and condensation processes are not interfered with each other, the condensation efficiency is improved, the trend of the heat medium steam and the dripping of the heat medium condensate water are downward at the same time, the flow velocity of the heat medium steam on the surface of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger is increased, the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, meanwhile, the built-in vacuum heat exchanger can be flushed, the water film on the surface of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger is damaged, and the heat exchange effect is improved; the backwater preheating bin is internally provided with a cold water pipe bundle (also called tail condenser), the inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is connected with a backwater pipe, water after heat exchange flows into the backwater preheating bin and is preheated by tail gas, the temperature of exhaust smoke is further reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are distributed in a zigzag manner back and forth, and the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles which are adjacent to each other are arranged in a reverse inclined manner. The zigzag distribution of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles can prolong the running distance of the heat medium water in the furnace, and is favorable for the heat exchange between the heat medium water and the high-temperature flue gas; the reverse inclined arrangement is that the central line between the upper and lower adjacent heat medium heat exchange tube bundles is used as a reference, the upper and lower adjacent heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are inclined in opposite directions (forming a negative angle with the central line or forming a positive angle with the central line), and the outlet of each group of heat medium heat exchange tube bundles is higher than the inlet.
Preferably, the inclination angles of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles in the multistage heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are 3-10 degrees.
Preferably, the left and right sides of the furnace body are respectively provided with a left heat medium collecting chamber and a right heat medium collecting chamber, the left heat medium collecting chamber and the right heat medium collecting chamber are respectively internally provided with at least one partition plate, the left heat medium collecting chamber and the right heat medium collecting chamber are respectively partitioned into a plurality of vertically independent water return cavities by the partition plates, the upper and lower adjacent heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are respectively communicated with the corresponding water return cavities in the left heat medium collecting chamber and the right heat medium collecting chamber in an end-to-end mode to form a unidirectional heat medium circulation passage, the upper portion of each heat medium water chamber is communicated with the water return cavity communicated with the outlet of the uppermost heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, and the lower portion of each heat medium water chamber is communicated with the water return cavity communicated with the inlet of the lowermost heat medium heat exchange tube bundle.
Preferably, the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is provided with four groups, namely a first-level heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a second-level heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a third-level heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and a fourth-level heat medium heat exchange tube bundle from top to bottom; the left heat medium collecting chamber is internally provided with two partition plates, the left heat medium collecting chamber is divided into a first water return cavity, a third water return cavity and a fifth water return cavity from bottom to top by the two partition plates, the right heat medium collecting chamber is internally provided with a partition plate, and the right heat medium collecting chamber is divided into a second water return cavity and a fourth water return cavity from bottom to top by the partition plate; the inlet of the four-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with the first water return cavity, the lower part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the first water return cavity through a heat medium water return port on the inner wall of the first water return cavity, the outlet of the four-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, the inlet of the three-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with the second water return cavity, the outlet of the three-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, the inlet of the second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are communicated with the third water return cavity, the outlet of the second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the inlet of the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are communicated with the second water return cavity, the outlet of the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with the fifth. The heat medium constitutes circulation route through first return water chamber, level four heat medium heat exchanger tube bank, second return water chamber, tertiary heat medium heat exchanger tube bank, third return water chamber, second heat medium heat exchanger tube bank, second return water chamber, one-level heat medium heat exchanger tube bank, fifth return water chamber in proper order, and each return water chamber is used for strengthening the torrent degree of hot medium water in the heat medium heat exchanger tube bank, improves heat transfer coefficient to improve the thermal efficiency of boiler.
Preferably, the primary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is composed of a plurality of rows of light tubes, and the secondary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, the tertiary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the quaternary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are composed of a plurality of rows of finned tubes.
Preferably, the finned tube is made of stainless steel.
Preferably, a backwater concentration chamber and a water outlet concentration chamber are arranged on the left side and the right side of the backwater preheating bin, an inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is communicated with the backwater concentration chamber, an outlet of the cold water pipe bundle is communicated with the water outlet concentration chamber, the backwater pipe is connected with the backwater concentration chamber, and the circulating pipe is connected with the water outlet concentration chamber.
Preferably, the cold water tube bundle is composed of a plurality of rows of horizontally arranged finned tubes.
Preferably, the finned tube is made of stainless steel.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The front premix burner is fixed at the top of the furnace body (namely, a top-spraying type burner is adopted), so that high-temperature smoke (downward) and heat medium water (upward) form high-temperature and low-temperature reverse flow heat exchange, the heat exchange is more sufficient, a heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is easier to clean, and a flue is difficult to block;
(2) the multi-stage heating of the heating medium is carried out by adopting a plurality of groups of heating medium heat exchange tube bundles, so that the heating medium can exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas from top to bottom step by step, the temperature of the flue gas is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the multi-stage condensation of the high-temperature flue gas is realized, the heating efficiency of the heating medium is improved, a heat exchange structure with the high-temperature flue gas direction and the condensate water direction arranged in the reverse direction is formed, the temperature of the tail flue gas is greatly reduced, the utilization of latent heat of vaporization in the flue gas is greatly improved, the temperature of the exhaust gas is close to that of return water, the heat efficiency is higher;
(3) The heating medium water chamber is added, and the upper part and the lower part of the heating medium water chamber are respectively communicated with the outlet of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the top and the inlet of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the bottom, so that a circulation passage is formed between the heating medium water chamber and the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle, and when the boiler is started, heating medium water can circulate along the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle and the heating medium water chamber firstly, so that the heating medium water in each heating medium heat exchange tube bundle can be uniformly heated, the temperature difference is small, and the heating medium water vapor can be rapidly and uniformly generated;
(4) The heat exchange chamber is added, so that a heat medium evaporation space (furnace body) and a heat medium steam condensation space (heat exchange chamber) are completely separated, the evaporation and condensation processes are not interfered with each other, the condensation efficiency is improved, the trend of the heat medium steam and the dripping of the heat medium condensate water are downward at the same time, the flow speed of the heat medium steam on the surface of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger is increased, the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the built-in vacuum heat exchanger can be flushed to destroy a water film on the surface of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange effect is improved;
(5) The backwater preheating bin is internally provided with a cold water pipe bundle (also called tail condenser), the inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is connected with a backwater pipe, water after heat exchange flows into the backwater preheating bin and is preheated by tail gas, the temperature of exhaust smoke is further reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an internal structural view from the right side of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a heat medium water chamber in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the return water preheating bin in fig. 1.
fig. 5 is a right side view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 5.
In the figure: the device comprises a furnace body 1, a tail smoke box 2, a front premix burner 3, a smoke exhaust pipe 4, a circulating water preheating bin 5, a heat medium water chamber 6, a baffling baffle 7, a heat medium steam chamber 8, a heat exchange chamber 9, a built-in vacuum heat exchanger 10, a heat medium condensed water cavity 11, a heat medium condensed water descending pipe 12, a cold water pipe bundle 13, a water return pipe 14, a circulating pipe 15, a left heat medium collecting chamber 16, a right heat medium collecting chamber 17, a partition plate 18, a first-stage heat medium heat exchange pipe bundle 19, a second-stage heat medium heat exchange pipe bundle 20, a third-stage heat medium heat exchange pipe bundle 21, a fourth-stage heat medium heat exchange pipe bundle 22, a first water return cavity 23, a third water return cavity 24, a fifth water return cavity 25, a second water return cavity 26, a fourth water return cavity 27, a heat medium water return port 28, a steam port 29, a water return concentration chamber 30, a water outlet concentration chamber 31.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the gas-fired front-premixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler comprises a boiler body 1, a tail smoke box 2, a front premixing burner 3 and a circulating water preheating bin 5, wherein the tail smoke box is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe 4, the boiler body, a return water preheating bin and the tail smoke box are fixedly connected from top to bottom in sequence, and the inner spaces of the boiler body, the circulating water preheating bin and the tail smoke box are communicated with each other; the front premix burner is fixed at the top of the furnace body and is connected with the furnace body; the left side and the right side of the furnace body are respectively provided with a left heating medium collecting chamber 16 and a right heating medium collecting chamber 17, two partition plates 18 are arranged in the left heating medium collecting chamber, the left heating medium collecting chamber is divided into a first water return cavity 23, a third water return cavity 24 and a fifth water return cavity 25 from bottom to top by the two partition plates, a partition plate is arranged in the right heating medium collecting chamber, and the right heating medium collecting chamber is divided into a second water return cavity 26 and a fourth water return cavity 27 from bottom to top by the partition plate; four groups of transverse and communicated heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are arranged in the furnace body at intervals along the longitudinal direction, the four groups of heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are sequentially a first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle 19, a second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle 20, a third-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle 21 and a fourth-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle 22 from top to bottom, the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is composed of two rows of stainless steel light tubes, the second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, the third-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the fourth-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are composed of three rows of stainless steel finned tubes, the four groups of heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are distributed in a zigzag mode back and forth, the upper heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the lower heat medium heat exchange tube bundle which are adjacent are arranged in a reverse inclined mode, the inclination angle is 10 degrees, wherein a fourth-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle inlet is communicated with the first water, the outlet of the second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the inlet of the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are communicated with the second water return cavity, and the outlet of the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with the fifth water return cavity; a heat medium water chamber 6 is arranged at the rear side of the furnace body, a plurality of mutually staggered baffle plates 7 are arranged in the heat medium water chamber from top to bottom, the lower part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the first water return cavity through a heat medium water return port 28 on the inner wall of the first water return cavity, and the upper part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the fifth water return cavity through a steam port 29 on the inner wall of the fifth water return cavity; a heat medium steam chamber 8 is arranged on the upper side of the heat medium water chamber, the heat medium steam chamber is communicated with the heat medium water chamber through a longitudinal steam inlet 32, a heat exchange chamber 9 is arranged on the rear side of the heat medium water chamber, the upper part of the heat exchange chamber is communicated with the heat medium steam chamber through a lateral steam inlet 33, an internal vacuum heat exchanger 10 is arranged on the upper part of the heat exchange chamber, a heat medium condensate water cavity 11 is formed in the space of the heat exchange chamber below the internal vacuum heat exchanger, and the bottom of the heat medium condensate water cavity is communicated with the lower part of the heat medium water chamber through a heat medium condensate water descending; the backwater preheating bin is internally provided with a cold water pipe bundle 13, the cold water pipe bundle is composed of two rows of horizontally arranged stainless steel finned pipes, the left side and the right side of the backwater preheating bin are provided with a backwater concentration chamber 30 and a water outlet concentration chamber 31, the inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is communicated with the backwater concentration chamber, the outlet of the cold water pipe bundle is communicated with the water outlet concentration chamber, the backwater concentration chamber is connected with a backwater pipe 14, and the water outlet concentration chamber is connected with the inlet of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger through a circulating pipe 15.
The operation process of the invention is as follows: the mixed gas is blown into a combustion furnace chamber of the furnace body by a front premix burner to be combusted, so as to form high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas moves downwards to respectively perform step-by-step heat exchange with a first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a third-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a fourth-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and a cold water tube bundle, after being heated by heat medium water, the heated heat medium water sequentially passes through a first water return cavity, the fourth-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a second water return cavity, the third-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, a third water return cavity, the second water return cavity, the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and a fifth water return cavity to;
when the boiler starts to operate, the temperature of the heating medium water in the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle at the upper part (close to the front premix burner) rises fast, the temperature of the heating medium water in the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle at the bottom rises slowly, and the heating medium water circulates along the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle and the heating medium water chamber firstly, so that the heating medium water in each heating medium heat exchange tube bundle is uniformly heated, the temperature difference is small, and the heating medium water vapor is ensured to be rapidly and uniformly generated;
After the heat medium water in the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is heated to generate a large amount of heat medium steam, the heat medium steam enters the heat exchange chamber through the heat medium water chamber and the heat medium steam chamber, is subjected to heat exchange with the built-in vacuum heat exchanger and then is condensed, the condensed heat medium water is concentrated at the bottom of the heat medium condensed water cavity, then returns to the heat medium water chamber through the heat medium condensed water descending pipe, and enters the first water returning cavity through the heat medium water returning port to be recycled.
the above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The gas-fired front-premixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler comprises a boiler body (1), a tail smoke box (2) and a front premixing burner (3), wherein the tail smoke box is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe (4), and is characterized by further comprising a circulating water preheating bin (5), wherein the boiler body, the return water preheating bin and the tail smoke box are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the inner spaces of the boiler body, the circulating water preheating bin and the tail smoke box are communicated with one another; the front premix burner is fixed at the top of the furnace body and is connected with the furnace body; a plurality of groups of transverse and communicated heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are arranged in the furnace body at intervals along the longitudinal direction, a heat medium water chamber (6) is arranged at the rear side of the furnace body, a plurality of staggered baffle plates (7) are arranged in the heat medium water chamber from top to bottom, the upper part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the outlet of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the top, and the lower part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the inlet of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the bottom; a heat medium steam chamber (8) is arranged on the upper side of the heat medium water chamber, the heat medium steam chamber is communicated with the heat medium water chamber, a heat exchange chamber (9) is arranged on the rear side of the heat medium water chamber, the upper part of the heat exchange chamber is communicated with the heat medium steam chamber, a built-in vacuum heat exchanger (10) is arranged on the upper part in the heat exchange chamber, a heat medium condensate water cavity (11) is formed in the space of the heat exchange chamber below the built-in vacuum heat exchanger, and the bottom of the heat medium condensate water cavity is communicated with the lower part of the heat medium water chamber through a heat; and a cold water pipe bundle (13) is arranged in the return water preheating bin, the inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is connected with a return water pipe (14), and the outlet of the cold water pipe bundle is connected with the inlet of the built-in vacuum heat exchanger through a circulating pipe (15).
2. The gas-fired premixed top-injection multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are zigzag distributed back and forth, and the upper and lower adjacent heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are arranged in a reverse inclination.
3. The gas-fired premixed top-injection multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inclination angles of the heat medium heat exchange tube bundles in the multistage heat medium heat exchange tube bundles are all 3-10 °.
4. The pre-gas premixed top-injection multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that a left heating medium collecting chamber (16) and a right heating medium collecting chamber (17) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the furnace body, at least one partition plate (18) is arranged in each of the left heat medium collecting chamber and the right heat medium collecting chamber, the left heating medium collecting chamber and the right heating medium collecting chamber are respectively divided into a plurality of water return cavities which are independent up and down by the partition plates, the upper and lower adjacent heating medium heat exchange tube bundles are respectively communicated with the corresponding water return cavities in the left heating medium collecting chamber and the right heating medium collecting chamber in an end-to-end mode and form a unidirectional heating medium circulation passage, the upper part of the heating medium water chamber is communicated with a water return cavity communicated with the outlet of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the top, and the lower part of the heating medium water chamber is communicated with a water return cavity communicated with the inlet of the heating medium heat exchange tube bundle positioned at the bottom.
5. the gas-fired pre-mixing top-injection multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler as claimed in claim 4, wherein the heat medium heat exchange tube bundle comprises four groups, namely a primary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle (19), a secondary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle (20), a tertiary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle (21) and a quaternary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle (22) from top to bottom; two partition plates are arranged in the left heat medium collecting chamber, the left heat medium collecting chamber is divided into a first water return cavity (23), a third water return cavity (24) and a fifth water return cavity (25) from bottom to top by the two partition plates, a partition plate is arranged in the right heat medium collecting chamber, and the right heat medium collecting chamber is divided into a second water return cavity (26) and a fourth water return cavity (27) from bottom to top by the partition plate; the inlet of the four-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with the first water return cavity, the lower part of the heat medium water chamber is communicated with the first water return cavity through a heat medium water return port (28) on the inner wall of the first water return cavity, the outlet of the four-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the inlet of the three-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are communicated with the second water return cavity, the outlet of the three-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the inlet of the second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are communicated with the third water return cavity, the outlet of the second-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the inlet of the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are communicated with the second water return cavity, the outlet of the first-stage heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with the fifth water return cavity.
6. The gas-fired premixed top-injection multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler as claimed in claim 5, wherein the primary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle is composed of a plurality of rows of light tubes, and the secondary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle, the tertiary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle and the quaternary heat medium heat exchange tube bundle are composed of a plurality of rows of finned tubes.
7. The pre-mixed gas fuel top-injection multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler according to claim 6, wherein the finned tubes are made of stainless steel.
8. the gas-fired pre-mixing top-spraying multi-stage condensation vacuum hot water boiler according to claim 1, wherein a backwater collecting chamber (30) and a water outlet collecting chamber (31) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the backwater preheating bin, the inlet of the cold water pipe bundle is communicated with the backwater collecting chamber, the outlet of the cold water pipe bundle is communicated with the water outlet collecting chamber, the backwater pipe is connected with the backwater collecting chamber, and the circulating pipe is connected with the water outlet collecting chamber.
9. The pre-gas premixed, top-injected, multi-stage condensing vacuum hot water boiler according to claim 8, wherein the cold water tube bundle is composed of a plurality of rows of horizontally arranged finned tubes.
10. The pre-mixed gas fired, top injected, multi-stage condensing vacuum hot water boiler according to claim 9, wherein the finned tubes are stainless steel.
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| CN201910953559.9A CN110553398A (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Premixing top-spraying type multistage condensation vacuum hot water boiler before gas combustion |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115060096A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-16 | 中南大学 | Double-stage tube type heat exchanger structure suitable for tower type zinc rectifying furnace |
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