CN110552948A - Anti-loosening bolt and nut with rotary-stop barrier structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure is characterized in that a pit is processed on the top surface of the bolt, a roller or a roller in the shape of a rolling bead is placed in the pit, and the pit wall and the bottom surface in the pit have the structural characteristics that: the included angle between the normal line of the surface element on the contact surface part of the bottom surface of the roller and the axial line of the nut is a non-zero heterosurface straight line; thus, a bottom inclined plane of the nut pit is formed, and 2 bottom inclined planes are tangent to the 2 surfaces of the roller from 2 directions; the barrier nut and the common bolt are matched for use in four ways: the barrier nut is matched with a common bolt or the common nut is matched with the barrier bolt for use, the barrier nut is combined with the common nut and is matched with the common bolt for use, and the barrier nut is matched with the barrier bolt for use.

Description

Anti-loosening bolt and nut with rotary-stop barrier structure

[ technical field ]

The invention belongs to the technical field of machinery, and particularly relates to an anti-loosening bolt and nut based on a non-return principle.

[ background art ]

The looseness prevention between the nut and the bolt is usually realized by a spring pad, a double tightening nut, a jackscrew, a split pin and other conventional modes. However, the locknut without an external device is designed and developed by Hard Lock pioneer in Lin Ke 24421, the first version is called as 'U nut', and a method for clamping screw threads by using a plate spring enables the nut to be kept firm and not to loosen. However, the first generation products have a small problem in that the U-nuts mounted on the excavator and the pile driver are loosened due to too much vibration. If the forest maker 24421is designed into a second generation product, the second generation product is the Hadelock nut in the market at present.

The anti-loosening principle of the Hardelock nut is as follows: first, such nuts are used as a pair of nuts, which are divided into a female nut and a male nut, and the male nut is installed first below and the female nut is installed later above, in this order. The convex nut is manufactured by eccentric processing, the concave nut is processed by normal central circle, when two convex-concave nuts are screwed together, the same as that of inserting a wedge into the nut, thereby realizing the anti-loosening effect. After the Hard Lock nut is successful, a large number of Hard Lock nut imitations appear on the market. The invented product is a kind of design drawing of Hard Lock nut, which is published on the website of company by the invented product Ruanyan-g. Although many imitators, few successors exist, which is the key to the technology. The reason is that it is not difficult to invent a nut of such a structure, which is in need of continuous improvement in use. From the establishment of this company to the full use of the largest rail company in japan, the founders of the company have been using for nearly 20 years. In the 20 years, the HardLock nut becomes the only nut which cannot be loosened in the world through continuous technical improvement.

The company hadlork notes in particular on its official website: the unique technology and know how accumulated throughout the year by the company have different corresponding eccentric amounts for different sizes and materials, which is the key point that the Hard Lock nut cannot be imitated. (an article written here in the first few days is thought of, and only 300 people monopolize the market, Canon Tokki, Japan, who manufactures vacuum evaporators). The Hard Lock nut is widely used not only in japan but also in the world, and has been used by railways in australia, uk, polish, china, korea, and taiwan new mainline has kept a record of no personal accidents since the use of the Hard Lock nut. In addition to the highways, the Hard Lock nut is adopted in many countries and regions inside and outside the country, such as the longest suspension bridge in the world in japan, the "mingshi strait bridge" in japan, the highest free-standing radio wave tower in the world, the "tokyo clear sky tower", the space shuttle launching station in the united states, the marine drilling machine, and the like.

Except for the Hard Lock nut, three anti-loosening parts are introduced.

The first is the lod dun X series lock washer designed and developed by markmer, sweden, which utilizes a unique multi-functional design to provide the highest security. The novel sandwich composite material technology combines the solution of the wedge-shaped effect of the Luodi (preventing spontaneous loosening) and a special elastic effect (compensating the loss of pretightening force caused by loosening), so that the connecting element can resist the spontaneous bolt loosening and loosening, and an additional safety feeling is greatly provided. On or near the rails, the train is caused to shake and vibrate whenever it passes. The Nord-Lock X-series anti-loose washer combines the wedge locking principle and the elastic effect, and can effectively prevent loosening caused by settlement and relaxation.

The second type is a Chinese Down bolt which is compatible with two nuts with different turning directions, directly converts the loosening force of a right-handed nut into the tightening force of a left-handed nut, and converts two opposite forces into mutual assistance. In the connection of the Down's screw fastener, two nuts with different screw directions are used: the nuts on the working bearing surfaces are called the fastening nuts and the nuts on the non-bearing surfaces are called the lock nuts. When in use, the fastening nut is firstly pre-tightened, and then the locking nut is pre-tightened. In the case of vibration or impact, the fastening nut tends to loosen, and since the loosening direction of the fastening nut is the tightening direction of the lock nut, tightening of the lock nut just prevents loosening of the fastening nut, so that the fastening nut cannot loosen.

The third is the self-tightening nut developed by Shenzhen self-tightening king technology, which can easily solve all the problems only by one nut and one washer, has no taboo on material, process and precision requirements, and can be produced by high, medium and low screws and nuts. The principle of the Chinese self-locking nut is as follows: the application of the self-tightening force theory is realized by utilizing the screw surface inosculating structure between the nut and the gasket, and the anti-loosening effect is completely achieved by using a specific lifting angle, so that the nut can be only screwed but not loosened, and the nut can be loosened only by screwing the gasket. The end face of the Chinese self-tightening nut is designed into a multi-section spiral face supporting structure, so that the stability of a coupling pair is improved, and the defect of a traditional fastener that most of stress is concentrated on a first tooth and a second tooth after the nut is tightened is completely stopped, so that the stress is uniformly distributed, the bearing capacity of the nut and a screw is greatly improved, and the damage degree of internal and external threads is also reduced.

the working principle of the existing one-way bearing is also the structural part of the invention, and the one-way bearing is a bearing which can rotate freely in one direction and is locked in the other direction. The metal shell of the one-way bearing contains a plurality of rollers, needles or balls, and the rolling seat (cavity) is shaped to roll only in one direction, but generate great resistance in the other direction.

Wedge block type design: the wedge block type one-way overrunning clutch is mainly composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a wedge block group, a wedge block retainer, a strong spring and a bearing. The wedges transmit force from one race to the other race with wedging between the inner and outer races. The wedges have two diagonal diameters, one of which (i.e., the distance from one corner of the wedge to the other diagonal) is larger than the other. The wedging action occurs when the inner and outer races rotate relative to each other forcing the wedge to have a greater vertical position over a larger cross-section.

The self-locking angle wedge effect mainly depends on wedging and self-locking angles of wedges between an inner ring and an outer ring: the basic concept of a sprag one-way clutch requires that the coefficient of friction of the sprag, which is related to the sudden generation of torque in the inner race in the driving direction, must be greater than the tangent of the self-locking angle. If the conditions are not safe, wedging will not occur. The self-locking angle is determined by the structure of the wedge block, and the points on the inner and outer rings are respectively connected by the wedge block. The wedge design has a very low initial self-locking angle to ensure absolute engagement at the start. As the torque increases, a radial force is generated on the wedge that deflects the wedge race, causing the wedge to roll to a new position. The wedge is often designed to have a gradually increasing self-locking angle as it goes from the overrun position to the maximum load-bearing position. A relatively large self-locking angle reduces the radial force generated by the wedge, thus allowing a relatively large torque to be transmitted as long as the elongation and brinell hardness limit requirements are met.

Slope and roller design: the slope and roller type one-way clutch is basically composed of an outer ring with a cylinder inner diameter, an inner ring with a slope and a group of rollers which bear spring force respectively and are always in close contact with the inner ring and the outer ring. This arrangement essentially ensures immediacy of over-running speed and immediate drive capability as long as rotation of one of the races in its direction of motion has an effect on the other. The one-way clutch of the type can be applied to overrunning, indexing and non-return under various environments. When used as an overrunning one-way clutch, the ramped roller one-way clutch will be installed in such a manner that the outer race serves as the overrunning member. This is important for high speed overrides. In the application of inner race overrunning, centrifugal forces acting on the rollers will result in limited overrunning speeds. When used as a non-return one-way clutch, a ramp roller type one-way clutch in which only the inner race rotates is suitable for a relatively low speed. If the required speed is higher than the recommended speed, a one-way clutch of the wedge type is recommended. When used as an indexing one-way clutch, the outer race is often considered the wobble element and the inner race is often considered the slave element. Otherwise, the inertia of the rollers and springs will cause errors, especially at high frequency indexing. The use of diluted lubricating oil and strong springs provides high speed indexing accuracy and high quality.

[ summary of the invention ]

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the anti-loosening bolt and nut are made into a plurality of modes by skillfully utilizing the existing one-way clutch (bearing) principle.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

The invention comprises the following steps: barrier nuts and barrier bolts. And four methods of use; the barrier nut is used in cooperation with a common bolt, the barrier nut is used in cooperation with the common nut and the common bolt, the common nut is used in cooperation with the barrier bolt, and the barrier nut is used in cooperation with the barrier bolt. The concept of a barrier is to use more energy to overcome elastic and permanent deformation between components if the bolt is loosened.

The barrier nut has the characteristics that: the top surface of the barrier nut is processed with a pit, a (roller or ball) roller is placed in the pit, and the pit wall and the bottom surface in the pit have the structural characteristics that: the included angle between the normal line of the surface element on the contact surface part of the bottom surface of the roller and the axial line of the nut is a non-0 (zero) heterosurface straight line; thus, a bottom inclined plane of the nut pit is formed, 2 bottom inclined planes are tangent to the 2 surfaces of the roller from 2 directions, and the roller can naturally fall to the bottom under the action of gravity; when a plane parallel to the axis and perpendicular to the radius at the roller is used to intercept the near-roller configuration, the cross-sectional characteristics of the roller and the recess obtained are: the included angle between the tangent line at the contact point of the bottom of the cut pit and the roller and the plane vertical to the axis (horizontal plane: when the nut is vertically placed) is larger than the helix angle of the nut (the included angle between the helix tangent line (the helix is taken as the tangent line of the space curve) and the plane vertical to the axis). The slope of the pit bottom slope is larger than the slope value of the spiral line obtained by performing plane expansion on the cylindrical spiral line.

The potential barrier bolt has the characteristics that: under the bolt and nut (on the side with screw), the same concave pit is made, and the roller is placed in the concave pit, and its construction characteristics and operation principle are identical to that of barrier nut.

The anti-loosening principle of the barrier nut and the barrier bolt is as follows: on the basis of the principle of a one-way clutch (bearing), considering that when a barrier nut or a barrier bolt is loosened, relative motion is formed between the barrier nut or the barrier bolt and the surface of an object to be fastened, and apart from local translation (macroscopic rotation) of the surface, the barrier nut or the barrier bolt also has distancing motion; therefore, a necessary mathematical condition is to add a backstop component to the contact angle between the roller and the inclined surface so that the rising displacement of the rolling of the roller fills this gap: the included angle between the tangent line of the truncated curve at the tangent point of the roller and the plane vertical to the axis is larger than the helix angle of the nut, namely when the nut is loosened and rotated, the rising protrusion generated by pure rolling of the roller is larger than the back-off displacement of the loosening of the nut, the roller is still firmly embedded in the gap without generating macroscopic clearance and is pressed more tightly and firmly; further generalizing as follows: the positions of 2 tangent points on the roller and the bottom of the pit are relative to the roller, one is close to the bottom of the roller, and the central angle between the tangent points and the bottom is within 40 degrees; one near the middle of the roller, the central angle between the tangent point and the bottom is near 90 degrees; in the same groove, the tangent point of a large central angle points to the vector direction of a smaller central angle, and the vector direction is the same as the linear velocity direction of the screwing of the nut at the tangent point; that is to say: when the nut is tightened, the tangent point with the central angle close to 90 degrees pushes the roller to do circular motion, the included angle between the direction of the tangent point pressure of the roller and the normal is larger than the friction angle, pure rolling is not formed, and the barrier nut is easy to be screwed in; on the contrary, when the barrier nut is loosened and screwed back reversely, the tangent point with the central angle of 40 degrees pushes the roller to do circular motion, the included angle between the direction of the roller tangent point pressure and the normal line is smaller than the friction angle, the formed pure rolling forces the roller to ascend along the bottom inclined plane, and when the ascending speed is larger than the pushing speed of the nut (necessary condition: the central angle of the tangent point is certainly larger than the spiral angle), the protruded object or the gasket is continuously pressed tightly; the barrier nut is not easily unscrewed.

The related four methods of use of barrier nuts and barrier bolts are summarized: the two can be used independently or in combination with 2; respectively as follows: the barrier nut and the common bolt or the common nut and the barrier bolt are matched to use in the simplest using mode (the mode is used under the condition that the common nut or the bolt is prevented from rotating), even a washer is not required to be additionally arranged, but when external force acts on the nut, the rotation of the nut enables the barrier nut and the common bolt to loosen and unload force; under the condition that the barrier nut is matched with a common nut and a common bolt for use, due to the pre-close tightening force between the barrier nut and the common nut, the barrier nut and the common nut can be more firmly closed and are not easy to loosen by any relative rotation; under the condition that the barrier nut is matched with the barrier bolt for use, any relative rotation of the barrier nut and the barrier bolt plays a role in further pressing, so that the barrier nut is not easy to loosen and has better performance.

The anti-loosening nut has the advantage that the anti-loosening nut has the anti-loosening characteristic when being used singly, and has a firmer anti-loosening effect if being matched with a barrier bolt for use.

[ description of the drawings ]

The invention is further described in the following preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the construction of a barrier nut and the spiral tangent relationship to a bolt.

Fig. 2 a schematic view of the construction of a barrier bolt.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a barrier nut with steel balls as rollers.

Description of reference numerals:

(1) Potential barrier nut

(2) roller

(3) Roller segment

(4) Contact surface of roller

(5) Nut pit bottom inclined plane 1

(6) Nut pit bottom inclined plane 2

(7) Pit side wall

(8) Roller shaft

(9) Angle of spiral

(10) Plane of orthogonal axis

(11) Pit bottom bevel angle

(12) Fastened article 1

(13) Viewing direction of MN section

(14) Indentation for fastened article

(15) Direction of inclined plane of pit bottom

(16) Local profile of nut

(17) Plain bolt 1

(18) Spiral tangent line

(19) Enlarged partial cross-sectional view of roller

(20) Plain bolt 2

(21) Potential barrier bolt

(22) Roller

(23) potential barrier nut

(24) Fastened article 2

(25) Axial line (26)

(27) Common nut

(28) Bottom of roller

(30) Steel ball

(31) Pit bottom inclined plane

(32) Pit mouth reverse stacking structure

[ examples of embodiment ]

As shown in fig. 1 and 2:

FIG. 1 is a schematic construction diagram, wherein the upper right corner is a front view of the nut, and the lower right corner is a side view of the nut, and expresses the barrier nut (1) and the contact relation with a fastened object 1 (12); the lower left corner is an enlarged oblique view and a front view; the top surface of the barrier nut (1) is processed with a pit, a roller (roller or ball) 1(2) is placed in the pit and can freely rotate while touching the friction bottom surface, and the side wall (7) of the pit in the pit and the bottom inclined surface of the nut pit have the structural characteristics that: a non-coplanar straight line in which the included angle between the normal line of the surface element at the bottom surface part in contact with the roller contact surface (4) and the axes (25) and (26) of the nut is not 0 (zero); thus, a nut pit bottom inclined plane 1(5) and a nut pit bottom inclined plane 2(6) are formed, and 2 bottom inclined planes are tangent to the 2 surfaces of the rollers from 2 directions; when a plane parallel to the axis and perpendicular to the radius at the roller is used to take a near configuration, i.e., a cross-section taken through a plane perpendicular to the MN line segment: from the enlarged partial roller section (19) of the partial roller section (3), to satisfy the anti-loosening characteristic, the included pit bottom inclined plane angle (11) of the tangent line (pit bottom inclined plane direction (15)) of the truncated curve of the bottom surface at the roller tangent point and the axis (25) direction is larger than the spiral line angle (9) (the included angle of the spiral tangent line (18) and the plane vertical to the axis (25)) of the nut (or the common bolt 1(17) matched with the nut); another expression is: the slope of the pit bottom slope is larger than the slope value of the spiral line obtained by cylindrical expansion of the nut spiral line. (16) Is a partial section of the nut, (13) is an observation direction of a section of MN, (10) is an axis orthogonal plane (i.e. a plane orthogonal to the axis); (28) is the bottom of the roller.

Because the steel ball has higher hardness, a pressed pit (14) of a fastened object is generated on a contact point after being screwed by force; the roller shaft (8) is of optional construction and is intended to act as a press-collapse with the corresponding edge of the pocket so that the roller cannot fall out (the roller is placed in and then the corresponding edge of the pocket is collapsed); the concave notch corresponding to the roller cylindrical surface can be completely punched to prevent the roller from falling off.

The barrier bolt (21) shown in fig. 2 is characterized in that: below the bolt and nut (on the side where the screw is present) the same recess is machined, and the rollers 2(22) are also placed in the recesses, with matching and constructional features in line with the barrier nut. The fastened object 2(24) is sandwiched between the barrier nut (23) and the barrier bolt (21).

The close contact between the ordinary nut (27) and the barrier nut (1) shown in fig. 2 and the cooperation with the ordinary bolt 2(20) are also one of the solutions for preventing loosening.

As shown in fig. 3:

The steel ball (30) replaces the roller, the pit bottom inclined plane (31) is still 2 sections of inclined planes, the specific matching relation is completely the same as that of the roller, the pit mouth reverse stacking structure (32) is completed by stamping, the width of the mouth is narrowed, and the function is to prevent the steel ball (30) from falling out.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments:

any other products with various forms can be obtained in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure, which are the same or similar to the technical solutions of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. Anti-loosening bolts and nuts with a rotation-stopping potential barrier structure; the structure includes: bolts, nuts and fastened objects; the invention is characterized in that the bolt, the nut, the barrier nut and the barrier bolt have the structural characteristics that: pits are processed on the top surfaces of the barrier nut and the barrier bolt, a roller or a roller-shaped roller is placed in the pit, and the pit wall and the bottom surface in the pit have the structural characteristics that: the included angle between the normal line of the surface element on the contact surface part of the bottom surface of the roller and the axial line of the nut is a non-zero heterosurface straight line; thus, a bottom inclined plane of the nut pit is formed, 2 bottom inclined planes are tangent to the 2 surfaces of the roller from 2 directions, and the roller can naturally fall to the bottom under the action of gravity; when a plane parallel to the axis and perpendicular to the radius at the roller is used to intercept the near-roller configuration, the cross-sectional characteristics of the roller and the recess obtained are: the included angle between the tangent line at the contact point of the bottom of the cut pit and the roller and the plane vertical to the axis is larger than the spiral angle of the nut, the slope of the inclined plane of the pit bottom is larger than the slope value of the spiral line after the spiral line of the cylindrical surface is subjected to plane expansion; the central angle between the tangent point and the bottom is within 40 degrees; one near the middle of the roller, the central angle between the tangent point and the bottom is near 90 degrees; in the same groove, the tangent point of a large central angle points to the vector direction of a smaller central angle, and the vector direction is the same as the linear velocity direction of the screwing of the nut at the tangent point; that is to say: when the nut is tightened, the tangent point with the central angle close to 90 degrees pushes the roller to do circular motion, the included angle between the direction of the tangent point pressure of the roller and the normal is larger than the friction angle, pure rolling is not formed, and the barrier nut is easy to be screwed in; on the contrary, when the barrier nut is loosened and screwed back reversely, the tangent point with the central angle of 40 degrees pushes the roller to do circular motion, the included angle between the direction of the tangent point pressure of the roller and the normal line is smaller than the friction angle, the formed pure rolling forces the roller to ascend along the bottom inclined plane, and when the ascending speed is larger than the pushing speed of the nut, the bulge can continuously push the fixed object or the gasket tightly; the barrier nut is not easy to be screwed out; the barrier nut and the common bolt are matched for use in four ways: the barrier nut is matched with a common bolt, the common nut is matched with the barrier bolt for use, the barrier nut is combined with the common nut and matched with the common bolt for use, and the barrier nut is matched with the barrier bolt for use.