CN110550033A - 用于在机动车中自动地激活或停用滚动保护的控制*** - Google Patents
用于在机动车中自动地激活或停用滚动保护的控制*** Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
- B60T7/122—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger for locking of reverse movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
- B60K28/10—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
- B60T7/14—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger operated upon collapse of driver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/182—Selecting between different operative modes, e.g. comfort and performance modes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2201/00—Particular use of vehicle brake systems; Special systems using also the brakes; Special software modules within the brake system controller
- B60T2201/06—Hill holder; Start aid systems on inclined road
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2201/00—Particular use of vehicle brake systems; Special systems using also the brakes; Special software modules within the brake system controller
- B60T2201/10—Automatic or semi-automatic parking aid systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2220/00—Monitoring, detecting driver behaviour; Signalling thereof; Counteracting thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2220/00—Monitoring, detecting driver behaviour; Signalling thereof; Counteracting thereof
- B60T2220/04—Pedal travel sensor, stroke sensor; Sensing brake request
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种针对机动车的用于自动地激活或停用驻车锁止或自动滚动保护“AUTO‑P”的控制***。所述控制***这样具有至少一个电子控制单元,使得能实现实现在按照预定的进入条件和按照预定的退出条件的规定的边界条件之内的有限的调车运行,其中,在车辆先前进行自动滚动保护“AUTO‑P”之后,识别出的驾驶员有意的调车愿望定义为预定的进入条件。有限的调车运行不仅可以在发动机开动时而且可以在发动机关断时从保护的状态“AUTO‑P”出发而激活。只要不再存在对于自动保护的状态“AUTO‑P”的定义的条件,那么根据满足不同定义的退出条件可以从有限的调车运行要么转入到保护的状态“AUTO‑P”要么允许行驶运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在机动车中自动地激活或停用驻车锁止或滚动保护的电子控制***。
背景技术
例如由DE 100 37 576 A1中已知一种用于在机动车中自动地激活驻车锁止的电子控制***或方法。原则上,在一些国家法律上要求在取下钥匙的情况下自动地激活驻车锁止,其中,电子的授权证明装置可在功能上等同于常规的钥匙***。出于安全原因,长时间以来即使在车辆中没有机械钥匙的情况下,也与钥匙位置无关地根据至少一个其它运行参数或运行状态来自动地激活驻车锁止。在此,特别是评估指示离开车辆的运行参数或信号,例如制动踏板和/或加速踏板未操纵、(例如可通过车门内的开关查询)驾驶员车门打开和/或(例如可通过座位占用传感器或通过打开的安全带锁来识别)车座未占用。该文献特别是涉及带有电子的进入和行驶授权***的车辆,在所述进入和行驶授权***中不再存在机械钥匙,并且在所述进入和行驶授权***中因此也无须再拔出钥匙。这种进入和行驶授权***例如是驾驶员携带的发射应答器或密码卡,所述发射应答器或密码卡与安装在车辆中的授权检验器(例如通过无线电)进行无线通信。在此,原则上在内燃机关停时应该自动地激活驻车锁止,优选地在存在自动变速箱的情况下以挂入停车位置挡的形式,或也以挂入驻车制动器的形式。按照所提及的文献原则上也存在借助于可手动操纵的关闭按键故意地阻止自动激活驻车锁止的可能性。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,面向客户地构造一种用于在机动车中自动地激活或停用驻车锁止的控制***。
按照本发明,所述任务通过独立权利要求的特征解决,而在各从属权利要求中给出本发明优选的进一步扩展方案。
概念驻车锁止或自动滚动保护在这里以最广泛的意义理解为所谓的“AUTO-P”功能;即在存在所定义的条件下自动停止或自动保护车辆防止滚动,所述条件特别是(例如也按照现有技术)指示离开机动车,例如借助于自动变速器的停车棘爪和/或借助于脚制动器的驻车制动功能和/或借助于机电的附加制动器或手制动器。
本发明涉及一种针对机动车的用于自动地激活或停用驻车锁止或自动滚动保护“AUTO-P”的控制***。所述控制***这样具有至少一个电子控制单元,使得能够实现在按照预定的进入条件和按照预定的退出条件的规定的边界条件之内的有限的调车运行,其中,在车辆先前自动进行滚动保护“AUTO-P”之后,识别出的驾驶员有意的调车愿望定义为预定的进入条件。所述有限的调车运行不仅可在发动机开动时也可在发动机关断时从保护的状态“AUTO-P”出发而激活。只要对于自动保护的状态“AUTO-P”的定义的条件不再存在,那么根据满足不同定义的退出条件可以从有限的调车运行要么转入到保护的状态“AUTO-P”中要么允许车辆运行。
本发明基于以下考虑:
目前按照现有技术原则上变速杆位置P或自动驻车锁止在如下情况自动挂入:
-在无线电准备就绪(Radiobereitschaft)中发动机关停或熄火之后,如果变速杆位置挂入R或D。
-在熄火时,如果变速杆位置挂入N。
-如果在静止时在挂入变速杆位置D或R的情况下驾驶员安全带松开,驾驶员车门打开并且制动器未被踩踏(=>驾驶员离开识别)。
通过驾驶员离开识别阻止调车运行或使调车运行变得困难。在没有驾驶员时车辆的开动/滚动在此是不允许的。通过设计行驶速度级防止车辆滚动。在现有技术中,驾驶员的有意的调车愿望是不可能的。
基于功能上的安全要求(ISO26262),在带有线控换挡的自动车辆中,在安全带未扣上并且车门打开的情况下(例如在倒车停入到带有路边石的停车位处时)调车目前是不可能的。在识别出驾驶员离开的情况下必须自动保护车辆防止滚动。基于该功能性,对于客户仅以另外的非直观的操作(例如***安全带,关闭车门)才能实现停入和调车。
图3以流程图的形式示例性地示出现有技术:
条件B1、B1’、B5和B5’涉及通过车门打开、通过安全带打开以及通过加速踏板和/或制动踏板松开(这里通过三个标志示出)来识别驾驶员离开。条件B1还包括在仅有内燃机的车辆中发动机关断,例如通过发动机自动停止(“MSA停止”)。条件B1’还包括在电动车辆或混合动力车辆(BEV、PHEV)中内燃机不存在或内燃机关断(必要时带有电气行驶准备就绪)。条件B5还包括在仅有内燃机的车辆中发动机开动,例如在“MSA停止”被阻止时。条件B5’还包括在混合动力车辆(PHEV)中内燃机开动。所有条件B1、B1’、B5和B5’首先导致激活自动的滚动保护“AUTO-P”。在此,在存在条件B1和B1’时附加地出现用于表征行驶准备就绪关断的显示“OFF”以及用于在车辆有意停车时保护车辆防止滚动的要求M1。在存在条件B2时,即如果驾驶员实际上离开车辆,保持AUTO-P并且例如转入到舒适下车KA。
但是如果按照现有技术通过操纵制动器(B3)、通过挂入行驶速度级D或R并且通过随后松开制动踏板(B4)而存在调车意图B6,则无法进行调车,即自动滚动保护“AUTO-P”处于无限循环中。
按照本发明,虽然对于在接近静止范围内的正常行驶运行原则上应当保持当前的车辆行为,以便借此来进一步保证安全要求。但是附加地,在保持上面提到的安全判据的情况下以合适的警告策略(在组合仪表盘中显示)引入有限的调车运行。
调车运行应用于所有驱动方式,即内燃机驱动、混合动力驱动和纯电动驱动。
所述有限的调车运行能实现按照驾驶员的有意的调车愿望,在车辆先前自动进行保护(进入条件)之后,特别是在重新挂入行驶速度级(“D”或“R”)之后,在规定的边界条件(退出条件)之内调车。
由此可以在存在多种停车情况和调车情况下更好地满足客户愿望。此外,提高车辆功能上的可用性。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在以下更详细地描述。图中:
图1示出在具有内燃机的车辆中按照本发明的带有有限的调车运行的自动滚动保护“AUTO-P”的功能概况,
图2示出在具有电驱动装置的车辆中按照本发明的带有有限的调车运行的自动滚动保护“AUTO-P”的功能概况,
图3示出按照现有技术的自动滚动保护“AUTO-P”的功能概况,
图4示出带有针对关断条件和后续的反应可能性的示例的第一表格,以及
图5示出带有针对关断条件和后续的反应可能性的其它示例的第二表格。
具体实施方式
按照图1,未更详细示出的、尤其是带有软件程序模块的电子控制单元以如下方式构造,使得按照本发明能实现在按照预定的进入条件和按照预定的退出条件AK的规定的边界条件之内的有限的调车运行RB。
在此,在车辆先前自动进入保护装置“AUTO-P”之后,驾驶员的有意的调车愿望按照定义为预定的进入条件:
驾驶员的有意的调车愿望可通过条件B3和通过条件B4来确认,在此,所述条件B3即在首先操纵制动踏板BP的情况下重新挂入行驶速度级D或R,所述条件B4即随后松开制动踏板BP。进入条件优选地通过所确认的驾驶员有意的调车愿望借助于在预定的时窗dt之内的条件B3和B4预定。
优选地,预定的进入条件与条件B1(即在内燃机关断并且识别出驾驶员离开的情况下(参见如图3中描述的三个符号))相关联地可以是先前的自动保护“AUTO-P”,即使该自动保护之前已任意频繁地激活或停用。换句话说,行驶准备就绪仍保持接通;这优选地也利用相应的显示(例如“READY”代替按照现有技术图3中的“OFF)来告知驾驶员。
而优选地,预定的进入条件与条件B5(即在内燃机开动并且识别出驾驶员离开时)相关联地仅是唯一的先前的自动保护“AUTO-P”(1x)。这也优选地利用相应的显示告知驾驶员。
图2基本上相应于图1,而具有如下区别,即,按照图2的本发明可以应用于电动车辆或具有电机和必要时内燃机的混合动力车辆。在这种车辆中,通知M1通过通知M2来代替,在通知M2中特别是指示驾驶员为了继续行驶而关闭车门或为了退出而操纵用于关断电机的起停按键并且挂入变速器位置P。此外按照图2(上面的虚线框)可以在内燃机不存在或内燃机关断的情况下能通过电动行驶准备就绪而实现电气的有限的调车运行RB_e。
图4和图5以表格的形式和要点的形式示出了可预定的从有限的调车运行RB或RB_e的不同退出条件AK。在此,按照本发明,退出条件AK特别重要,所述退出条件导致滚动保护“AUTO-P”重新激活。所述退出条件特别是:
-在松开制动踏板(BP)之后车辆进一步静止预定的时间(1s)
-在没有操纵加速踏板的情况下车辆出发(不强制地是退出条件)
-车辆出发并且超过速度阈值(>10km/h)。
Claims (8)
1.用于在机动车中自动地激活或停用滚动保护(AUTO-P)的控制***,所述控制***具有至少一个电子控制单元,所述电子控制单元构造为使得能实现在按照预定的进入条件和按照预定的退出条件(AK)的规定的边界条件之内的有限的调车运行(RB;RB_e),其中,在车辆先前进行自动保护(AUTO-P)之后,驾驶员的有意的调车愿望定义为预定的进入条件。
2.按照权利要求1所述的控制***,其特征在于,驾驶员的有意的调车愿望能够通过在首先操纵并随后又松开制动踏板(BP)的情况下重新挂入行驶速度级(D/R)来确认,其中,在预定的时窗(dt)之内所确认的有意的调车愿望预定为进入条件。
3.按照上述权利要求之一所述的控制***,其特征在于,一预定的进入条件(B1,B1’)此外是在发动机事先关断(“READY”)的情况下任意频繁的先前的自动保护(AUTO-P)。
4.按照上述权利要求之一所述的控制***,其特征在于,一预定的进入条件(B5,B5’)此外是在发动机开动时(1x)的情况下仅一次唯一的先前的自动保护“AUTO-P”。
5.按照上述权利要求之一所述的控制***,其特征在于,一预定的退出条件(AK)是在松开制动踏板(BP)之后车辆继续静止一预定的时间,此后跟随滚动保护(AUTO-P)的重新激活。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的控制***,其特征在于,一预定的退出条件(AK)是在没有操纵加速踏板的情况下车辆出发,此后跟随滚动保护(AUTO-P)的重新激活。
7.按照上述权利要求之一所述的控制***,其特征在于,一预定的退出条件(AK)是车辆出发并且超过速度阈值,此后跟随滚动保护(AUTO-P)在下一次静止时的重新激活。
8.用于按照上述权利要求之一的控制***的所述至少一个电子控制单元的软件功能模块。
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