CN110543145A - Adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method for odd-side regular polygon cylindrical cavity - Google Patents
Adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method for odd-side regular polygon cylindrical cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110543145A CN110543145A CN201810525382.8A CN201810525382A CN110543145A CN 110543145 A CN110543145 A CN 110543145A CN 201810525382 A CN201810525382 A CN 201810525382A CN 110543145 A CN110543145 A CN 110543145A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008672 reprogramming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/32—Operator till task planning
- G05B2219/32015—Optimize, process management, optimize production line
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
Abstract
the invention discloses a numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, which mainly comprises the following steps: initializing a spiral milling numerical control machining program of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, setting corresponding parameters, performing odd-side regular polygon column (cavity) side number assignment according to a workpiece to be machined, and calculating corresponding machining amount; and running an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control program according to the calculation result of the amount of the object to be machined. The method for controlling the spiral milling numerical control processing of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity thoroughly solves the problems of too long part processing program, unsmooth/interrupted data transmission and no adaptability of CAM software in the process of processing the spiral milling processing of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, improves the equipment utilization rate and processing efficiency and increases profits while solving the problem of spiral milling numerical control processing of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity for enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to a spiral milling numerical control machining control method for an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity.
Background
The odd-side regular polygon column/cavity is a common typical feature in field processing, and when processing the feature, a processing enterprise adopts a layered milling and layered milling numerical control processing method on the processing strategy, so that the processing is easy to realize on programming, but the processing efficiency is low due to more idle strokes. In contrast, the helical milling method has much higher efficiency because of no excessive idle stroke.
In a programming mode, programming of the programs of the numerical control machining method for the layered milling of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity can be realized no matter automatic programming or manual programming, but at present, the numerical control machining programs for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity obtained by the two programming means have no adaptability, namely the programs cannot adapt to the changes of the number of sides, the shape and the size, the process size, the size of a cutter, the machining area and the pose (position and posture) of a machining object, once the contents of the machining object change, the original programs fail, the programmers need to reprogram and input or transmit program codes again, so that on one hand, the labor amount of the programmers is increased, on the other hand, the labor members of enterprises are greatly consumed, and the labor cost is increased.
The spiral milling processing program for programming the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity by adopting automatic programming has good advantages, but the generated program code is too long, according to the processing precision and the size of the shape and the dimension of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, the program code can reach hundreds of lines, thousands of lines or even tens of thousands of lines, for numerical control machine tools with general performance of enterprises, the large amount of codes cannot be stored at all and can only be processed on line, but the transmission of the large amount of codes, it is a great challenge for numerical control systems, and the situation of transmission is often not smooth or interrupted, so that the processing process is greatly interfered, and the corresponding PC and data line are needed to be configured for on-line transmission, and the price of the automatic programming software is high, which is a capital investment hard to bear by common enterprises, and the configuration of the programmer also increases the labor cost for the enterprises.
However, manual programming, so far, no corresponding numerical control method for spiral machining of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity has been found, mainly because the spiral machining of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity is difficult to realize by manual programming.
In a word, for a very typical part of an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, a high-efficiency novel spiral milling numerical control machining control method with adaptability is developed, so that an enterprise can have adaptability to the number of sides, shape and size, process size, cutter size, machining area and pose of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity on the premise of not purchasing expensive automatic programming software, and the program is short, exquisite and capable of becoming a practical requirement of the machining enterprise.
The current automatic programming software (CAM software) is very powerful and can complete the processing and programming of very complex parts, but no matter how powerful the automatic programming software is, the programs obtained by the automatic programming software have many problems.
the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the side number change.
The existing numerical control machining program for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by CAM software is generated under the condition of giving a certain specific number of sides, and once the number of sides is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. As shown in fig. 3, the program generated by the CAM software is for processing octagonal pillars/cavities, and if the processing object is changed into 10-sided or 20-sided pillars/cavities, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.
secondly, the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the shape and size change.
The existing numerical control machining program for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by CAM software is generated under the condition of given shape and size (diameter and height of an inscribed circle), and once the shape and size are changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. For example, in the program obtained by automatically programming the 10-sided polygon with the inscribed circle diameter x height of phi 100mm x 50mm, when the inscribed circle diameter x height is changed to phi 90mm x 40mm, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.
And (III) the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the process size change.
The numerical control machining program for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given process size (such as a layer height), and if the process size is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. For example, when a certain odd-sided regular polygon post/cavity is originally machined, a program is generated according to a layer height of 5mm, and when the layer height is to be changed to 3mm, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.
(IV) the odd-side regular polygon post/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the size change of the cutter.
The numerical control machining program for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given cutter size, and if the cutter size is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. For example, when a program generated by a tool with a radius of R5mm is used to machine a certain odd-sided regular polygon post/cavity, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed when the tool radius becomes 8 mm.
(V) the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the change of the machining area.
The numerical control machining program for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given machining area, and if the machining area is changed, the original program fails. Requiring reprogramming. For example, if a certain odd-side regular polygon column/cavity is originally machined, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed according to the program programmed for the machining whole when the machining area becomes half the machining height.
Sixth, the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the position and posture change of the machined object.
the numerical control machining program for the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given pose, and if the pose of a machined object is changed, the original program fails. Requiring reprogramming. For example, if the pose of an odd-numbered regular polygon post/cavity is changed during the original machining process, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.
Manual programming is divided into constant manual programming and macroprogramming. The manual programming has not solved the problem of the spiral milling numerical control processing control of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity so far.
The constant hand-programmed procedure has the same disadvantages as the CAM software procedure, but for odd-sided regular polygonal post/cavity spiral milling, it is impossible for the programmer to obtain the procedure by constant hand-programming because the programmer cannot calculate the coordinates of such a large number of spatial points.
The macro program can theoretically solve the problem of numerical control machining control of the spiral milling of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, but no relevant documents and patents are found until now.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to solve the problems, develop a numerical control processing control method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, obtain a short and bold part processing program which can be stored in a numerical control machine tool, and enable the part processing program to have adaptability to the number of sides, shape and size, process size, cutter size, processing area and pose of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, so that the problems that the part processing program is too long, data transmission is not smooth/interrupted and the part processing program does not have adaptability in the process of processing spiral milling of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity by CAM software are solved completely.
In order to realize the angry land, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity mainly comprises the following steps:
a. initializing a numerical control machining control program for spiral milling of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, and setting corresponding parameters of a cutter, a machine tool and a workpiece to be machined;
b. Calculating corresponding machining amount according to the selected type of the cutter and corresponding parameters of the workpiece to be machined;
c. And running a numerical control machining process of the spiral milling of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity according to the calculation result of the corresponding machining amount, and recovering the corresponding parameters of the tool and the machine tool to a safe state after finishing machining the corresponding workpiece to be machined.
further, the operations of setting the respective parameters of the tool, the machine tool and the piece to be worked in step a collectively comprise:
selecting a cutter and setting the cutter to finish the positive compensation of the length of the cutter; here, the positive compensation of the tool length is a function of the numerical control system itself, and the programmer can realize the tool length compensation only by calling.
further, in step b, the calculating the corresponding machining amount according to the type of the tool and the corresponding parameter of the workpiece to be machined specifically includes:
1. And (5) processing the odd-side regular polygon column.
the tool path of the odd-side regular polygon adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method is shown in fig. 4, and in the machining process, the spiral height needs to be lowered by one circle in height, and the height difference between any two adjacent vertexes is equal.
The control of the tool path in the XY plane is shown in fig. 5. The cutter starts from A, runs to B point, cuts into the workpiece to C1 point, the C1 point is the starting point of a spiral pitch in height, and clockwise mills to C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C1 points in turn, and the height of each vertex relative to the last vertex is reduced by the following value: the helical pitch/number of sides, after one revolution, reaches point C1, the cutter is lowered in height by one helical pitch.
2. And (4) machining the odd-side regular polygon cavity.
The tool path of the odd-side regular polygon adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method is shown in fig. 6, and in the machining process, the spiral height needs to be lowered by one circle in height, and the height difference between any two adjacent vertexes is equal.
the control of the tool path in the XY plane is shown in fig. 7. The cutter starts from A, runs to B point, cuts into the workpiece to C point, the C1 point is a starting point of a spiral pitch in height, and clockwise mills to C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C1 points, and the height of each vertex relative to the previous vertex is reduced by the following value: the helical pitch/number of sides, after one revolution, reaches point C1, the cutter is lowered in height by one helical pitch.
In the programming mode, the polar coordinate mode is adopted for programming in the process of rounding from C1-C8, and the rectangular coordinate mode is adopted for programming straight line segments AB and AD and circular arc segments BC and CD.
The calculation of the correlation points is shown in fig. 8.
the polygon inscribed circle has a diameter of #2 and a center angle of #13, the OC connecting line has an angle #12 to #13/2 with the X axis, and the distance from the origin to each vertex Ci (i 1,2, …, #1+1) is #2/(2cos (# 12)).
OA＝#14＝OC-AE-EC＝#2/2-#11-#9
coordinates of point A:
B point coordinates are as follows:
C point coordinate:
D, point coordinates:
at that time:
At that time:
the coordinate points are programmed to obtain O1406. A. B, C, D points are determined by coordinate values of rectangular coordinate system, and the vertex
C(i＝1,2,…,#1+1)。
drawings
the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
in the drawings:
FIGS. 1a and 1b show odd-side regular polygon pillars/cavities
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an odd-sided regular polygon profile
3a1, 3a2, 3a3, 3b1, 3b2, 3b3, auto-programming process for odd-sided regular polygon pillars/cavities
FIGS. 4a-4d are illustrations of the spiral predicted tool path for an odd-sided regular polygonal cylinder (pentagonal as an example)
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the path control of an odd-side regular polygon column adaptive spiral milling finishing tool
FIGS. 6a-6d show the spiral predicted tool path of an odd-sided regular polygonal cavity (pentagonal as an example)
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the path control of an adaptive spiral milling finishing tool for an odd-side regular polygonal cavity
FIG. 8 is a calculation of correlation points
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a numerical control machining method for spiral milling of odd-side regular polygon cavities
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the implementation
FIGS. 12a-12c are the trajectories of the spiral milling finish machining tool for the general pose outer contour of the odd-side regular polygon prism
FIG. 13 is a general pose spiral milling finish machining tool path for odd-side regular polygon cavities
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 4 a-13, a numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity is provided.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a flow chart of a numerical control machining method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column, which mainly includes:
Step 1: initializing a program, returning to zero in a Z axis, and setting a base value and a coefficient of a feeding speed; selecting a cutter, starting to lower the cutter, completing the positive compensation of the length of the cutter, and executing the step 2;
step 2: performing odd-side regular polygon column edge number assignment, odd-side regular polygon column shape and size assignment, tool radius assignment, odd-side regular polygon column process size and machining area assignment, and executing step 3;
and step 3: assigning pose parameters of the odd-side regular polygon column, and executing the step 4;
And 4, step 4: establishing a local coordinate system, assigning a value to the local coordinate system, and executing the step 5;
And 5: positioning, cutting, linearly interpolating to a point B, linearly interpolating to a point C1, and executing the step 6;
Step 6: judging whether the height is processed in place, if so, canceling the processing in a polar coordinate mode, otherwise, effectively processing in the polar coordinate mode;
1) When the height is processed in place, the polar coordinate mode is cancelled;
and 7: processing and flattening the bottommost layer by rounding for one circle, and executing the step 8;
And 8: returning to the starting point at the bottom layer height, and executing the step 9;
and step 9: coordinate rotation is cancelled, a local coordinate system is cancelled, and the step 10 is executed;
step 10: lifting the cutter to a safe height, stopping the main shaft, closing the cooling liquid, returning the Z axis to zero, and ending the program;
2) The height processing is not in place, and the polar coordinate mode is effective;
And 7: setting a vertex counting variable to be 1, and executing the step 8;
and 8: setting #20 as the height difference of the adjacent vertex as the layer height/edge number, and executing step 9;
and step 9: judging whether the edge number counting variable is less than the edge number plus 1, if so, executing the step 10, otherwise, executing the step 13;
Step 10: calculating the polar angle and the polar diameter of the next vertex, and executing the step 11;
step 11: linearly feeding to the next vertex, and executing the step 12;
Step 12: the vertex count variable +1, execute step 9;
the equipment and tools required for the specific implementation are shown in table 1.
table 1 list of equipment/tools required for carrying out the invention
B-the machine tool is described in numerical control machine tool instruction, and the system, code and programming configured for the machine tool are described in B-63844CBEIJING-FANUC 0i-MB operating instruction.
Examples
1. an example of a numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of an odd-side regular polygon column.
1) the machine tool path is shown in fig. 12.
2) the adaptability of the numerical control machining method for the adaptive spiral milling of the odd-side regular polygonal column is improved.
The adaptive exposition, based on the assignment of the program O1404 above, is consistent with the duplication in O1404, with no parameters specifically identified.
(1) The adaptability of the numerical control machining method for the adaptive spiral milling of the regular polygonal column with the odd number of sides to the number of sides.
(2) the adaptability of the shape and the size of the odd-side regular polygonal column adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining method.
(3) The adaptability of the process size of the adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining method for the odd-side regular polygonal column is realized.
The issue of process dimension adaptability is illustrated by layer height, and the same method is used for other process dimensions such as #8, #10, etc.
(4) The adaptability of the processing area of the odd-side regular polygon column adaptive spiral milling numerical control processing method.
(5) the adaptability of the pose of the odd-side regular polygon column adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining method.
2. Example of numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of regular polygon cavity with odd sides
1) The tool path is shown in fig. 13.
2) The adaptability of the odd-side regular polygon cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining method is disclosed.
The adaptability of the odd-side regular polygon cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method to the number of sides, the shape and size, the process size, the machining area and the pose is similar to the odd-side regular polygon column adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method, and the details are not repeated here.
Claims (7)
1. The numerical control machining control method for the adaptive spiral milling of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
Initializing an adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining program of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity, and setting corresponding parameters of a cutter, a machine tool and a workpiece to be machined;
Calculating parameters of relevant points according to corresponding parameters of the regular polygon column/cavity to be processed with the odd number of sides;
and running an odd-side regular polygon column/cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining program according to the calculation result of the corresponding machining amount, and recovering the corresponding parameters of the cutter and the machine tool to a safe state after finishing machining the corresponding workpiece to be machined.
2. The odd-sided regular polygonal column/cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step a, the operation of setting the corresponding parameters of the tool, the machine tool and the workpiece to be machined specifically comprises:
Enabling the Z axis of the machine tool to return to zero, and setting a basic value and a coefficient of a feeding speed;
Selecting a cutter and setting the cutter to finish the positive compensation of the length of the cutter;
and (4) assigning the number of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity sides, and assigning the shape size, the process size and the processing area of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity.
3. The odd-sided regular polygonal column/cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step a, the operation of setting the respective parameters of the tool, the machine tool and the workpiece to be machined mainly comprises:
When the workpiece to be processed is an odd-side regular polygon column, carrying out pose parameter assignment on the odd-side regular polygon column;
And when the workpiece to be processed is the odd-side regular polygon cavity, calculating the coordinate value of the A, B, C, D key point of the odd-side regular polygon cavity, and then assigning the pose parameter of the odd-side regular polygon cavity.
4. The odd-side regular polygon column/cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating of the coordinate value of the key point of the odd-side regular polygon cavity A, B, C, D specifically includes:
When the workpiece to be processed is an odd-side regular polygonal cavity, the coordinate of the point A:
B point coordinates are as follows:
C point coordinate:
C＝－OC*sin(#12)
C＝OC*cos(#12)
d, point coordinates:
at that time:
At that time:
5. The method for controlling the adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the method can still adapt when the number of sides, the shape and the size, the process size, the machining area, the size and the pose of the odd-side regular polygon column/cavity part are changed.
6. The extended finishing numerical control machining control method according to claim 4, wherein in step c, the operation of restoring the corresponding parameters of the tool and the machine tool to the safe state after completing the machining of the corresponding workpiece to be machined specifically comprises:
And lifting the current cutter to a preset safety height, stopping the main shaft of the machine tool, closing the cooling liquid of the machine tool, and returning the Z axis of the machine tool to a preset reference point.
7. The extended finishing CNC machining control method according to claim 1, wherein the extended finishing CNC machining control method is applied to a vertical boring and milling machine equipped with a FANUC Oi-M system.
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