CN110542736B - Method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves, which comprises the steps of sample pretreatment and standard curve quantitative analysis. The method comprises the steps of dissociating target alkaloid and aroma substances from a sample matrix through alkali liquor soaking, transferring the alkaloid and the aroma substances into a chloroform phase through adding chloroform and vortex oscillation, and performing centrifugal layering and then taking the chloroform phase for instrument analysis; compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: at present, no method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves is reported; compared with the existing method for analyzing the alkaloid and aroma components in the tobacco leaves, the method has simpler operation and higher stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analytical chemistry, and particularly relates to a method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves.
Background
Tobacco alkaloids are the most important secondary metabolites of tobacco. Common alkaloids in tobacco include nicotine (nicotine), nornicotine, neonicotine, dehydroneonicotine, diennicotin, 2,3' -bipyridine, myosamine, cotinine, and the like. The content of alkaloid represented by nicotine is an important aspect of tobacco quality and safety. The aroma components in tobacco leaves are another important chemical characteristic of tobacco quality. The aroma components in tobacco leaf mainly include aldoketone compounds, alcohol substances, olefin substances, etc. Based on the important influence of the tobacco alkaloid and the aroma component on the tobacco quality, the establishment of the method for simultaneously analyzing the tobacco alkaloid and the aroma component has very important significance for tobacco production and cigarette industry.
At present, different treatment methods are respectively adopted for analyzing alkaloid and aroma substances in tobacco leaves. Wherein, the alkaloid is generally directly subjected to chromatography or chromatography-mass spectrometry after solvent extraction and purification. The aroma substances are usually extracted by simultaneous distillation, concentrated and then analyzed by gas chromatography or gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Although a large amount of aroma substances can be extracted by adopting the simultaneous distillation and extraction method, the extracted aroma substances are mostly the result of mutual reaction (such as Maillard reaction) of a plurality of chemical components in the tobacco leaves instead of the original composition of the aroma substances in the tobacco leaves because the tobacco leaves are steamed and cooked in the aqueous solution for a long time (1-3 hours). This method has certain limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves.
The invention aims to realize that the method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves comprises the steps of sample pretreatment and standard curve quantitative analysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. sample pretreatment:
1) drying, crushing and sieving a tobacco leaf sample to obtain a material a;
2) accurately weighing a material a, placing the material a in a centrifuge tube, adding a sodium hydroxide solution of which the mass volume ratio of the material a is 4-6 times that of the material a, shaking up, standing for 10-20 min, adding an extract containing an internal standard of which the mass volume ratio of the material a is 3-5 times that of the material a, oscillating and centrifuging, and filtering to obtain a sample front liquid b;
B. quantitative analysis of standard curve:
1) accurately weighing 100.0mg of standard substances of 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma substances respectively, placing the standard substances into different 100ml volumetric flasks, metering the volume with trichloromethane, preparing a single-standard stock solution of 1mg/ml, diluting the single-standard stock solution into a working solution with gradient concentration, and drawing a quantitative standard curve;
2) analyzing the sample front liquid b and the standard working solution by using a gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer to obtain a chromatographic peak area and an internal standard peak area corresponding to each concentration gradient sample, dividing the obtained peak area by the internal standard peak area, performing linear fitting on the obtained peak area and the corresponding concentration gradient to obtain a calibration curve fitting equation and a linear correlation coefficient, dividing the obtained chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid in the actual sample by the corresponding internal standard peak area, inputting the obtained chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid into the calibration curve equation, calculating to obtain the corresponding substance concentration, and calculating the content of the alkaloid in the tobacco leaves according to the following formula:
wherein:
x-represents the content of alkaloid in the sample, and the unit is mg/g;
c-represents the concentration of the component to be measured in μ g/mL from the standard curve.
The method comprises the steps of dissociating target alkaloid and aroma substances from a sample matrix through alkali liquor soaking, transferring the alkaloid and the aroma substances into a chloroform phase through adding chloroform and vortex oscillation, and performing centrifugal layering and then taking the chloroform phase for instrument analysis; compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. at present, no method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves is reported.
2. Compared with the existing method for analyzing the alkaloid and aroma components in the tobacco leaves, the method has simpler operation and higher stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gas chromatographic separation chromatogram diagram of alkaloid and 11 kinds of aroma components in tobacco leaves.
Wherein: 1-26 in turn represent quinoline (internal standard), nicotine, nornicotine, mesmine, geranylacetone, 1-methylneonicotine, diennicotine, neonicotine, anatabine, 2,3' -bipyridine, dihydroactinidiole, megastigmatrienone 1, megastigmatrienone 2, 3-hydroxy beta damascenone, megastigmatrienone 3, megastigmatrienone 4, 3-oxo-alpha-ionol, 3-hydroxy-5, 6-epoxy-beta-ionol, cotinine, neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, farnesyl acetone, coniferyl alcohol, cematriene glycol 1, cematriene glycol 2, cematriene glycol 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teaching of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
The method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves comprises the steps of sample pretreatment and standard curve quantitative analysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. sample pretreatment:
1) drying, crushing and sieving a tobacco leaf sample to obtain a material a;
2) accurately weighing a material a, placing the material a in a centrifuge tube, adding a sodium hydroxide solution of which the mass volume ratio of the material a is 4-6 times that of the material a, shaking up, standing for 10-20 min, adding an extract containing an internal standard of which the mass volume ratio of the material a is 3-5 times that of the material a, oscillating and centrifuging, and filtering to obtain a sample front liquid b;
B. quantitative analysis of standard curve:
1) accurately weighing 100.0mg of standard substances of 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma substances respectively, placing the standard substances into different 100ml volumetric flasks, metering the volume with trichloromethane, preparing a single-standard stock solution of 1mg/ml, diluting the single-standard stock solution into a working solution with gradient concentration, and drawing a quantitative standard curve;
2) analyzing the sample front liquid b and the standard working solution by using a gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer to obtain a chromatographic peak area and an internal standard peak area corresponding to each concentration gradient sample, dividing the obtained peak area by the internal standard peak area, performing linear fitting on the obtained peak area and the corresponding concentration gradient to obtain a calibration curve fitting equation and a linear correlation coefficient, dividing the obtained chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid in the actual sample by the corresponding internal standard peak area, inputting the obtained chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid into the calibration curve equation, calculating to obtain the corresponding substance concentration, and calculating the content of the alkaloid in the tobacco leaves according to the following formula:
wherein:
x-represents the content of alkaloid in the sample, and the unit is mg/g;
c-represents the concentration of the component to be measured in μ g/mL from the standard curve.
The 9 alkaloids are nicotine, nornicotine, mesmine, 1-methylneonicotine, diennicotin, neonicotin, anatabine, 2,3' -bipyridine and cotinine.
The drying in the step 1) is drying.
The drying temperature is 40 ℃.
The crushing and sieving in the step 1) is crushing and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve.
The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step A2) is 10 percent.
The extraction liquid containing the internal standard is prepared by taking 2.5mL of internal standard stock solution to a 500mL volumetric flask, adding trichloromethane to a constant volume and preparing the extraction liquid of 5 mu g/mL quinoline.
The internal standard stock solution is prepared by weighing 100.0mg of quinoline in a 100ml volumetric flask and adding chloroform to a constant volume.
The chromatographic conditions in the gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer in the step B2) are as follows: column, DB-5MS (30 m × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm); sample size, 1 μ L; the split ratio is 40: 1; the injection port temperature is 250 ℃; flow rate of carrier gas (helium), 1.0 mL/min. Temperature-raising program conditions: starting at 110 deg.C, heating to 185 deg.C/min, heating to 250 deg.C/min at 6 deg.C/min, and holding for 10 min.
B, the mass spectrum conditions in the gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer in the step 2) are as follows: electron impact ion source (EI), ion source temperature, 230 ℃; the solvent is delayed for 3min, and the mass spectrum scanning range is 33-500 m/z.
The method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following specific operations:
1. instruments and reagents
Gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS, Agilent, usa), Millipore ultra-pure water machine (Millipore, usa), Talboys digital display multi-tube vortex mixer (Troemner, usa), Eppendorf 5804 high speed centrifuge (Eppendorf, germany).
2. Solution preparation
Internal standard stock solution: weighing 100.0mg quinoline in a 100mL volumetric flask, using trichloromethane to fix volume to prepare 1mg/mL internal standard stock solution, and storing at-20 ℃ in a dark place.
Preparing a standard solution: accurately weighing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma substances 100.0mg respectively, placing in different 100mL volumetric flasks, adding chloroform to constant volume, preparing into 1mg/mL single-standard stock solution, and storing at-20 deg.C in dark place. And diluting the sample into working solution with gradient concentration according to the actual condition of the sample, and drawing a quantitative standard curve. If no relevant standard substance exists, relative quantification is carried out by using an internal standard substance, and the step is omitted.
Preparing an extraction liquid: taking 2.5mL internal standard stock solution to a 500mL volumetric flask, adding trichloromethane to a constant volume to prepare an extract liquid of 5 mu g/mL (quinoline), and storing the extract liquid at minus 20 ℃ in a dark place.
3. Sample processing
And drying the tobacco leaf sample at 40 ℃, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to be detected. Accurately weighing 2.00g of smoke sample into a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding 10mL of 10% NaOH solution, shaking uniformly, standing for 15min, adding 7mL of extract containing an internal standard, carrying out vortex oscillation (frequency of 2500 Hz) for 5min, centrifuging (6000 r/min) for 5min, taking 2mL of lower-layer trichloromethane, passing the lower-layer trichloromethane through a filter (0.44 mu m) filled with 2g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and analyzing by a gas chromatography mass spectrometer.
4. Conditions of instrumental analysis
Chromatographic conditions are as follows: column, DB-5MS (30 m × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm); sample size, 1 μ L; the split ratio is 40: 1; the injection port temperature is 250 ℃; flow rate of carrier gas (helium), 1.0 mL/min. Temperature-raising program conditions: starting at 110 deg.C, heating to 185 deg.C/min, heating to 250 deg.C/min at 6 deg.C/min, and holding for 10 min.
Mass spectrum conditions: electron impact ion source (EI), ion source temperature, 230 ℃; the solvent is delayed for 3min, and the mass spectrum scanning range is 33-500 m/z.
Qualitative and quantitative parameters of alkaloid and aroma components in the tobacco leaf sample are shown in table 1; the chromatogram of the tobacco leaf sample is shown in FIG. 1.
TABLE 1 qualitative and quantitative parameters of alkaloid and aroma components in tobacco leaf samples
Note: retention index refers to the alkane linear retention index.
5. Quantification of standard curve
Accurately weighing 100.0mg standard substances of 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma substances respectively, placing in different 100mL volumetric flasks, adding chloroform to constant volume, preparing into 1mg/mL single-standard stock solution, and storing at-20 deg.C in dark place. And diluting the sample into working solution with gradient concentration according to the actual condition of the sample, and drawing a quantitative standard curve. And analyzing the prepared sample according to the methods of the sample pretreatment and the instrument analysis condition to obtain the peak area of the chromatographic mass spectrum and the internal standard peak area corresponding to each concentration gradient sample. And dividing the obtained peak area by the internal standard peak area, and performing linear fitting on the internal standard peak area and the corresponding concentration gradient to obtain a calibration curve fitting equation and a linear correlation coefficient. And dividing the chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid in the obtained actual sample by the corresponding internal standard peak area, inputting the obtained internal standard peak area into a calibration curve equation, and calculating to obtain the corresponding substance concentration (ug/mL). The content of alkaloid in the tobacco leaves is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula:Xrepresents the alkaloid content of the sample in milligrams per kilogram (mg/g); c represents the concentration of the component to be measured in micrograms per milliliter (. mu.g/mL) from the standard curve;
6. internal standard relative quantitation
When the experiment only needs to obtain the content difference of the target alkaloid and the aroma between different tobacco materials, a relative quantification method can be adopted to quantify the target alkaloid and the aroma components. In the relative quantification, the peak area of the target compound is divided by the area of the internal standard peak to obtain a relative quantification value. Since the response of different compounds on the mass spectrometer detector is different, the relative quantitative values are only used for comparison between sample groups, and do not have the meaning of absolute content.
Example 1
-comparative analysis of alkaloid and aroma component contents in mutant flue-cured tobacco and normal flue-cured tobacco
Experimental materials: mutant flue-cured tobacco leaf and ordinary flue-cured tobacco leaf after primary curing
The experimental method comprises the following steps: and (3) taking tobacco leaf samples of the primarily cured mutant flue-cured tobacco material and the common flue-cured tobacco, drying at 40 ℃, crushing, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to be detected. Accurately weighing 2.00g of tobacco powder into a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding 10mL of 10% NaOH solution, shaking uniformly, standing for 15min, adding 7mL of extract containing an internal standard, performing vortex oscillation (frequency of 2500 Hz) for 1min, centrifuging (6000 r/min) for 5min, taking 2mL of lower-layer trichloromethane liquid, passing the lower-layer trichloromethane liquid through a filter (0.44 mu m) filled with 2g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and performing gas chromatography.
The analysis conditions of the instrument are as follows: column, DB-5MS (30 m × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm); sample size, 1 μ L; the split ratio is 40: 1; the injection port temperature was 250 ℃. Temperature-raising program conditions: starting at 110 deg.C, heating to 180 deg.C at 10 deg.C/min, heating to 280 deg.C at 6 deg.C/min, and holding for 7 min. Mass spectrum conditions: electron impact ion source (EI), ion source temperature, 230 ℃; the solvent is delayed for 3min, and the mass spectrum scanning range is 33-500 m/z.
Internal standard relative quantification: in the embodiment, only the content difference of alkaloid and aroma between the flue-cured tobacco mutant material and the normal flue-cured tobacco is needed to be obtained, so a relative quantification method is adopted for quantification, and the peak area of the target compound is divided by the peak area of an internal standard (quinoline) to obtain a relative quantification value. The alkaloid and aroma contents of the mutant flue-cured tobacco and the common flue-cured tobacco are calculated and obtained as shown in the table 2. As can be seen from the table, the content of alkaloids such as nornicotine, mesmine, neonicotinoid, and anatabine and aroma components such as neophytadiene and cembrene diol 3 (3 rd isomer) in the mutant flue-cured tobacco is significantly increased, while the content of alkaloids such as nicotine, 1-methylneonicotinoid, dienicotine, 2,3' -bipyridine, and cotinine and aroma components such as geranylacetone, dihydroactinidiolin, 3-hydroxy β damascenone, 3-oxo- α -ionol, 3-hydroxy-5, 6-epoxy- β -ionol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, farnesyl acetone, coniferyl alcohol, and cembretriandiol 1 and cembretriadiol 2 are significantly decreased, compared to the normal flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the chemical composition of the mutant tobacco material is greatly changed relative to that of normal flue-cured tobacco.
Table 2 distribution of alkaloid and aroma components in the normal flue-cured tobacco mutant flue-cured tobacco material.
Note: the amounts in the table are relative (internal standard) amounts. The variation rate is the mean value of the content of the mutant flue-cured tobacco leaves divided by the mean value of the content of the normal flue-cured tobacco leaves
Example 2
And (4) comparing the methods:
Claims (5)
1. a method for simultaneously analyzing 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma components in tobacco leaves, wherein the 9 alkaloids are nicotine, nornicotine, meslamin, 1-methylneonicotine, diennicotin, neonicotin, anatabine, 2,3' -bipyridine and cotinine, and the 11 aroma components are geranylacetone, dihydroactinidiolin, megastigmatrienone, 3-hydroxy beta-damascenone, 3-oxo-alpha-ionol, 3-hydroxy-5, 6-epoxy-beta-ionol, neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, farnesyl acetone, coniferol and cembratriene diol, wherein the megastigmatrienone is megastigmatrienone 1, megastigmatrienone 2, megastigmatrienone 3, megastigmatrienone 4, and the cembratriene diol is cembratriene diol 1, cembratriene diol, Cembratriene diol 2, cembratriene diol 3; the method comprises the steps of sample pretreatment and standard curve quantitative analysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. sample pretreatment:
1) drying, crushing and sieving a tobacco leaf sample to obtain a material a;
2) accurately weighing 2.00g of material a in a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding 10mL of 10% NaOH solution, shaking uniformly, standing for 15min, adding 7mL of extract containing an internal standard, performing vortex oscillation at the frequency of 2500Hz for 1min, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 5min, taking 2mL of lower-layer trichloromethane liquid, passing the lower-layer trichloromethane liquid through a filter filled with 2g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and analyzing by using a gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer; taking 2.5mL of internal standard stock solution to a 500mL volumetric flask, adding trichloromethane to a constant volume, and preparing an extraction solution of 5 mug/mL of quinoline;
the chromatographic conditions in the gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer are as follows: the chromatographic column is DB-5MS with the size of 30m multiplied by 0.25mm multiplied by 0.25 mu m; sample size, 1 μ L; the split ratio is 40: 1; the injection port temperature is 250 ℃; the carrier gas is helium, and the flow rate is 1.0 mL/min; temperature-raising program conditions: starting at 110 ℃, heating to 185 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, heating to 250 ℃ at 6 ℃/min, and keeping for 10 min;
the mass spectrum conditions in the gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer are as follows: electron impact ion source EI, ion source temperature, 230 ℃; delaying the solvent for 3min, and scanning the mass spectrum within 33-500 m/z;
B. quantitative analysis of standard curve:
1) accurately weighing 100.0mg of standard substances of 9 alkaloids and 11 aroma substances respectively, placing the standard substances into different 100mL volumetric flasks, metering the volume with trichloromethane, preparing 1mg/mL single-standard stock solution, diluting the single-standard stock solution into working solution with gradient concentration, and drawing a quantitative standard curve;
2) analyzing the sample front liquid b and the standard working solution by using a gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometer to obtain a chromatographic peak area and an internal standard peak area corresponding to each concentration gradient sample, dividing the obtained peak area by the internal standard peak area, performing linear fitting on the obtained peak area and the corresponding concentration gradient to obtain a calibration curve fitting equation and a linear correlation coefficient, dividing the obtained chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid in the actual sample by the corresponding internal standard peak area, inputting the obtained chromatographic peak area of the alkaloid into the calibration curve equation, calculating to obtain the corresponding substance concentration, and calculating the content of the alkaloid in the tobacco leaves according to the following formula:
wherein:
x-represents the content of alkaloid in the sample, and the unit is mg/g;
c-represents the concentration of the component to be measured in μ g/mL from the standard curve.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying in step a 1) is oven drying.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drying temperature is 40 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said size-reduction screening in step a 1) is size-reduction screening through a 40 mesh screen.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the internal standard stock solution is prepared by weighing 100.0mg of quinoline in a 100mL volumetric flask, and adding chloroform to the volume to prepare 1mg/mL internal standard stock solution.
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| CN114034796A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-11 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Method for quantitatively analyzing 11 kinds of amide alkaloids in tobacco leaves by gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry |
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