CN110542634B - Method for measuring through hole rate of 3D-printed titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece - Google Patents
Method for measuring through hole rate of 3D-printed titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece Download PDFInfo
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the through hole rate of a 3D titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece, which is used for testing the performance of a 3D printed titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece and belongs to the technical field of design and manufacture of metal implants of medical instruments. The 3D printing titanium alloy metal trabecula test piece prepared by the invention adopts a cube, and the size of the test piece is integral multiple of the minimum unit of the trabecula bone. Firstly, obtaining theoretical morphological graphs of trabeculae at different cross-section positions by creating a theoretical model of the trabeculae; secondly, acquiring the trabecular bone patterns on the surface and inside of the trabecular bone of the test piece at different cross sections by using a digital image technology; then comparing the morphological graph of the trabecular bone specimen at the specified cross section position with the number of holes in the morphological graph of the trabecular bone specimen of the theoretical model, and calculating the trabecular bone through hole rate of the cross section; and finally, taking the minimum value of the through-hole rate of the bone trabecula with different cross sections on the surface and inside of the test piece as the through-hole rate of the titanium alloy test piece. The invention effectively solves the problem that the through hole rate of the existing 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece cannot be measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the through hole rate of a 3D titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece, belonging to the technical field of design and manufacture of metal implants of medical instruments.
Background
At present, some reports about the design and application of a 3D printing titanium alloy trabecular bone prosthesis exist at home and abroad, but no corresponding test method exists for verifying the through hole rate of a 3D printing titanium alloy trabecular bone prosthesis test piece, which is an important index parameter for verifying the printing performance of a 3D printer. Liu Yi et al have announced adopt the device of flat light detection ceramic carrier through-hole rate, 201120211275.1, Jiang Cheng has announced the method of adopting parallel light and wool glass to measure the automobile exhaust filter through-hole rate, 201410086862.0. The method for detecting the multilayer porous structure formed by the trabecula bone for the titanium alloy can cause detection errors due to mutual shielding of the multilayer porous materials. The positions and the number of the holes blocked inside the trabecula cannot be determined by measuring the through hole rate of the trabecula bone by adopting a dropping method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for detecting the surface and internal through hole rate of a 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece,
the problem that the through hole rate of a titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece cannot be measured in the prior 3D printing mode is solved. The invention aims to test the performance of a metal 3D printer for printing a trabecular bone product.
The invention aims to realize the purpose by the following technical scheme, and the measuring method for the through hole rate of the titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece by 3D printing comprises the following steps: 1. and (4) creating a trabecular bone theoretical model, and obtaining trabecular bone theoretical morphological graphs at different cross-section positions on the surface and inside of the test piece.
a. Preparing a cubic 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece, and taking the length, width and height of the test piece as the multiple of the minimum cell size of the bone trabecula.
b. And forming a theoretical model capable of containing the trabecular bone volume of the test piece through topological expansion according to the length-width-height ratio of the test piece and the minimum cell structure and size of the trabecular bone.
c. The theoretical model of the trabecula is cut according to 10 cross sections which are 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 times of the size of the minimum unit lattice of the trabecula, in addition, the theoretical model of the trabecula with the cut cross sections of the suitable size multiples can be selected according to the specific structural design of the minimum unit lattice of the trabecula test piece sample to be measured, and the trabecula structure shape graphs at different cut cross sections on the surface and inside of the trabecula theoretical model can be obtained.
2. And acquiring bone trabecula morphological graphs at different cross section positions on the surface and inside of the test piece by using a digital image correlation technique.
d. The high polymer material is used for filling the 3D printing titanium alloy metal bone trabecula test piece, and the inner hole is full of the high polymer material.
e. And (3) removing the high polymer material on the surface of the trabecular bone test piece by adopting a precision milling machine and a special fixture until the trabecular bone on the surface of the test piece sample is clearly displayed, polishing the test piece by adopting high-mesh water sand paper, and removing the processing trace on the surface of the test piece.
f. And acquiring a structural morphology diagram of the trabecula bone on the surface of the test piece by the digital image correlation technology.
g. And after the acquisition of the trabecular bone shape graph on the surface of the test piece is finished, continuously milling and polishing to respectively obtain the trabecular bone shape graphs at different cross sections in the test piece.
3. Comparing the morphological graph of the trabecular bone test piece at the surface and the designated cross-section position with the number of holes in the morphological graph of the trabecular bone of the theoretical model, and calculating the through hole rate of the trabecular bone test piece on the surface or in the inner part.
h. In a window area, comparing a trabecular bone shape graph of a trabecular bone test sample at a specified section with a trabecular bone shape graph of a theoretical trabecular bone model at a given section, and determining the through hole rate of the trabecular bone surface and the through hole rate of the trabecular bone test sample at the specified section, wherein if the trabecular bone shape graph of the test sample at the specified section is the same as the theoretical trabecular bone graph, the through hole rate of the test sample at the section is 100%; if the trabecular bone morphological diagram of the test piece sample at the appointed section is different from the trabecular bone theoretical diagram, the number of the holes blocked by the structural diagram of the trabecular bone test piece sample at the section position and the number of the holes in the structural diagram of the trabecular bone theoretical model at the same section position obtained by the experiment need to be read respectively.
i. And respectively calculating the through hole rate P of the trabecula at different sections on the surface or in the interior of the test piece.
P = ( ( mt – ms ) / mt) * 100%
In the formula: m issThe number of holes m blocked by trabecular bone morphology patterns on the surface or the designated section of the test piecetThe number of holes of the theoretical model trabecular bone shape figure at the corresponding position of the test piece is shown.
4. And taking the minimum value of the through-hole rate of the trabecula bone on the surface and inside of the test piece as the through-hole rate of the titanium alloy test piece.
j. And taking the minimum value of the bone trabecula through-hole rate of the surface and the internal different cross sections of the test piece sample as the through-hole rate of the bone trabecula of the whole test piece.
Further, the structural design of the trabecular bone minimum unit cell of the prepared 3D printing titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece can adopt a crystal structure or any trabecular bone structure beneficial to bone ingrowth.
Further, the prepared 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece is cubic, and the length, width and height of the test piece are multiples of the minimum unit grid size of the bone trabecula.
Furthermore, the polymer material filler used in the step D is a material formed by filling a titanium alloy metal bone trabecula test piece which is printed in a 3D mode after self-setting denture water and polymethyl methacrylate (denture powder) are mixed and stirred according to a certain proportion. After the trabecular bone test piece is filled with the denture powder, when trabecular bone materials are removed, cut trabecular bone wires can be prevented from being filled into holes of the trabecular bone, and further, morphological patterns of the trabecular bone structure of the titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece at any cross-section position can be accurately obtained.
Further, the precision milling machine used in the step e is based on the milling machine precision of 0.01-0.05mm, the clamp used by the milling machine for fixing the test piece is a special clamp, and the special clamp of the test piece has been additionally patented. And (4) polishing the cut test piece by using high-mesh water sand paper, and removing tool marks.
Further, the digital correlation technique device used for acquiring the structural shape of the section of the trabecular bone test piece in the step f comprises a high-power camera capable of adjusting the magnification, the magnification is 30-50 times, and the digital correlation technique test software and the computer processing system. The method solves the problem that the trabecular bone shape figures on the surface and the internal designated section of the trabecular bone test piece cannot be obtained by the conventional trabecular bone image acquisition method. The trabecular bone image obtained by the method is clear and superior to a MICRO CT image, and has the advantages of convenience in image acquisition and clear image.
Further, in the step 3 and the step 4, the surface and the internal through hole rate of the titanium alloy trabecular bone specimen sample are determined by adopting a comparison method, namely, the trabecular bone specimen sample obtained by the experiment of the specified cross section position is compared with the number of holes in the trabecular bone specimen pattern of the theoretical bone specimen pattern of the trabecular bone specimen, the through hole rate of the trabecular bone specimen at the specified cross section is calculated, and the minimum value of the surface and the internal trabecular bone specimen through hole rate is taken as the through hole rate of the titanium alloy specimen.
The technical scheme of the invention is accurate, simple, convenient and easy to use, and effectively solves the problem of measuring the through hole rate of the titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece by 3D printing. And a digitalized basis is provided for the evaluation of the performance of the metal 3D printing machine. The through hole measuring experiment practice of the 3D printed titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece shows that the measuring method of the through hole rate of the 3D printed titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece is feasible.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the attached drawings
Fig. 1 shows a device and a trabecular bone specimen sample for a digital correlation technique measurement method for measuring the porosity of a trabecular bone specimen. The following reference numerals are included in fig. 1: 1. a sample of a trabecular bone specimen; 2. a light source; 3. a CCD camera; 4. a control computer and an image board.
Figure 2 shows a theoretical morphology plot at the cross-section or surface of the trabecular bone trial 0.
Fig. 3 shows a theoretical morphology pattern at the 0.1 cross section of the trabecular bone specimen.
Fig. 4 shows a theoretical morphology plot at a 0.2 cross section of a trabecular bone specimen.
Fig. 5 shows a theoretical morphology plot at a 0.3 cross section of a trabecular bone specimen.
Fig. 6 shows a theoretical morphology plot at the 0.4 cross section of the trabecular bone specimen.
Fig. 7 shows a theoretical morphology pattern at the 0.5 cross section of the trabecular bone specimen.
Fig. 8 shows a theoretical morphology pattern at the 0.6 cross section of the trabecular bone specimen.
Figure 9 shows the theoretical morphology pattern at the 0.7 cross section of the trabecular bone trial.
Figure 10 shows the theoretical morphology pattern at the 0.8 cross section of the trabecular bone trial.
Figure 11 shows the theoretical morphology pattern at the 0.9 cross section of the trabecular bone trial.
Figure 12 shows a topographical pattern of the trabecular bone specimen sample surface.
Figure 13 shows a topographical pattern of the trabecular bone specimen sample surface.
Figure 14 shows the morphological pattern of the interior of the trabecular trial sample.
Detailed Description
The following examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The measuring method for the through hole rate of the titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece through 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) creating a trabecular bone theoretical model, and obtaining trabecular bone theoretical morphological graphs at different cross-section positions on the surface and inside of the test piece.
a. The titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece is prepared by adopting a 3D printing technology, the test piece comprises an entity part and a bone trabecula part of the titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece, the bone trabecula structure of the test piece can adopt a crystal structure or any bone trabecula structure beneficial to bone growth, the test piece adopts a cubic structure, and the size of the test piece adopts integral multiple of the minimum unit size of the bone trabecula.
b. The length-width-height ratio of the titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece prepared by the 3D printing technology and the minimum cell structure and size of the trabecular bone test piece are topologically expanded to form a theoretical model capable of containing the trabecular bone volume of the test piece.
c. As shown in fig. 2 to 11, the theoretical model of the trabecular bone specimen is cut according to 10 cross sections which are 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 times of the minimum cell size of the trabecular bone specimen, and in addition, the theoretical model of the trabecular bone specimen cut according to the size multiple cross sections can be selected according to the specific structural design of the minimum cell of the trabecular bone specimen to be detected, so as to finally obtain the trabecular bone structural morphology patterns on the surface of the trabecular bone theoretical model and on different cut cross sections in the trabecular bone specimen.
(2) And acquiring bone trabecula morphological graphs at different cross section positions on the surface and inside of the test piece by using a digital image correlation technique.
d. Taking self-setting denture fixing water and denture fixing powder in a certain proportion at a room temperature of 20 degrees, pouring the self-setting denture fixing water and the denture fixing powder into a container for mixing, uniformly coating the mixture on a 3D printed titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece sample after fully stirring to ensure that the surface and the interior are uniformly filled, and then placing the filled bone trabecula test piece at the room temperature for drying.
e. And (3) placing the dried sample of the trabecular bone specimen in a precision milling machine for processing, wherein the precision of the milling machine is 0.01-0.05mm, the sample of the trabecular bone specimen is fixed by adopting a special fixture, and the special fixture of the sample of the trabecular bone specimen is applied for patent of invention. Adjusting the feed size of the milling machine, gradually removing the high polymer material on the surface of the test piece sample until the trabecula bone on the surface of the test piece sample is clearly displayed, polishing the test piece by adopting high-mesh water sand paper, and removing the processing trace on the surface of the test piece.
f. As shown in fig. 1, a trabecular bone morphology pattern of the trabecular bone specimen surface was collected using digital correlation techniques. Firstly, carrying out amplification factor calibration, wherein a steel plate ruler is adopted for calibration, and the amplification factor is 30-50. Adjusting up and down, left and right and front and back knobs to ensure that the image acquisition area of the digital related equipment is positioned in the middle of the edge of the test piece, ensuring that the image is clear, and obtaining the trabecular bone morphology chart on the surface of the trabecular bone test piece as shown in figure 12 or figure 13. The method solves the problem that the trabecular bone shape graph of the designated section on the surface and inside of the trabecular bone test piece cannot be obtained by the conventional trabecular bone image acquisition method. The trabecular bone image obtained by the method is clear and superior to a MICRO CT image, and has the advantages of convenience in image acquisition and clear image.
g. After the acquisition of the trabecular bone morphology pattern on the surface of the test piece is completed, the milling and grinding are continued to the inside along the surface of the test piece, the trabecular bone and the polymer filler with certain thickness are removed until the flower shape which is the same as the theoretical morphology pattern shape of the trabecular bone at the cutting section of 0.6 time shown in the figure 8 is obtained, the milling is stopped, the cutting section inside the test piece is obtained, and the cutting mark is removed by adopting high-mesh water sand paper for grinding.
h. And (3) acquiring the trabecular bone morphology graph at the specified cutting section position in the trabecular bone test piece in the step g by adopting a digital correlation technique to obtain the trabecular bone morphology graph at the specified cutting section position in the trabecular bone test piece sample shown in the step 14. In the present embodiment, 10 theoretical cutting surfaces are provided, in the actual test process, the selection of the position and the number of the internal cross sections of the test piece is automatically selected according to the accuracy requirement of the actual detection, and only one cross section inside the test piece is arbitrarily selected in the present embodiment for description.
(3) Comparing the morphological graph of the trabecular bone test piece at the surface and the designated cross-section position with the number of holes in the morphological graph of the trabecular bone of the theoretical model, and calculating the through hole rate of the trabecular bone test piece on the surface or in the inner part.
i. In a window area, comparing the trabecular bone shape graph of the trabecular bone test sample at a given section with the trabecular bone shape graph of the trabecular bone theoretical model at the given section, and determining the through hole rate of the trabecular bone surface and the through hole rate of the trabecular bone test sample at the given section, wherein if the trabecular bone shape graph of the test sample at the given section is the same as the trabecular bone theoretical graph, the through hole rate of the test sample at the section is 100%; if the trabecular bone morphological diagram of the test piece sample at the given cross section is different from the theoretical trabecular bone diagram, the number of the holes blocked by the structural diagram of the trabecular bone specimen sample at the cross section position and the number of the holes in the structural diagram of the theoretical trabecular bone model at the same cross section position obtained by the experiment need to be read respectively.
j. Respectively calculating the through hole rate P of the trabecula at different cross sections on the surface or inside the test piece;
P = ( ( mt – ms ) / mt) * 100%
in the formula: m issThe number of holes, m, blocked by trabecular bone morphology patterns on the surface or on the designated section of the test piecetThe number of holes of the theoretical model trabecular bone shape figure at the corresponding position of the test piece is shown.
(4) And taking the minimum value of the through-hole rate of the trabecula bone on the surface and inside of the test piece as the through-hole rate of the titanium alloy test piece.
k. And taking the minimum value of the bone trabecula through-hole rate of 10 different cross sections on the surface and inside of the test piece as the through-hole rate of the bone trabecula of the whole test piece.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- The measuring method for the through hole rate of the titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece through 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:(1) creating a trabecular bone theoretical model, and obtaining trabecular bone theoretical morphological graphs at different cross-section positions;a. preparing a cubic 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece, and taking the length, width and height of the test piece as the multiple of the minimum cell size of the bone trabecula;b. forming a theoretical model capable of containing the trabecular bone volume of the test piece through topological expansion according to the length-width-height ratio of the test piece and the specific structural design and size of the minimum unit lattice of the trabecular bone;c. cutting a theoretical model of the trabecular bone test piece according to 10 sections which are 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 times of the minimum cell size of the trabecular bone, and obtaining morphological graphs of trabecular bone structures with 9 different cutting sections on the surface and in the inner part of the theoretical model of the trabecular bone;(2) acquiring images of a digital correlation technique to obtain trabecular bone patterns on the surface and inside of a trabecular bone test piece sample;d. filling a 3D printed titanium alloy metal bone trabecula test piece with a high polymer material to ensure that an inner hole is full;e. removing the material of the trabecular bone test piece filled with the high polymer material according to different cross-section positions by adopting a precision milling machine and a special fixture;f. acquiring structural morphology diagrams of trabeculae with different cross sections on the surface and in each part by image acquisition of a digital correlation technology;(3) comparing the number of holes in the morphological graph of the trabecular bone test piece at the given cross section position with the number of holes in the morphological graph of the trabecular bone of the theoretical model, and calculating the hole rate of the trabecular bone at the surface or the internal cross section of the test piece;g. in a window area, comparing and experimenting to obtain the number of holes in a bone trabecula test piece structure graph at a specified cross section and a structure graph of a bone trabecula theoretical model, if a bone trabecula morphological graph of a test piece sample at the given cross section is the same as the bone trabecula theoretical graph, the non-porous blockage through hole rate is 100%, and the number of the blocked holes in the bone trabecula test piece structure graph at the cross section and the number of the holes in the structure graph of the bone trabecula theoretical model are respectively read;h. calculating the through porosity P of the surface or internal trabecula:P = ( ( mt – ms ) / mt) * 100%in the formula: m issThe number of holes, m, of the blockage of the trabecular bone morphology pattern of the test piece sample with the specified cross sectiontThe number of holes is the bone trabecula morphological pattern of the theoretical model of the test piece;(4) taking the minimum value of the through-hole rate of the trabecula bone on the surface and inside of the test piece as the through-hole rate of the titanium alloy test piecei. And taking the minimum value of the through-hole rate of 10 cross sections on the surface and inside of the test piece as the through-hole rate of the trabecula bone of the test piece.
- 2. The method for measuring the porosity of the 3D printed titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece according to claim 1, wherein the structural design of the trabecular bone minimum unit cell of the prepared 3D printed titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece can adopt a crystal structure or any trabecular bone structure beneficial to bone ingrowth.
- 3. The method for measuring the porosity of the 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece according to claim 1, wherein the prepared 3D printing titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece is a cube, and the length, width and height of the test piece are multiples of the minimum cell size of the bone trabecula.
- 4. The method for measuring the porosity of the 3D-printed titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece is characterized in that the high polymer material filler used in the step D is a material formed by filling the 3D-printed titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece after mixing and stirring self-setting denture water and denture powder according to a certain proportion.
- 5. The method for measuring the through hole rate of the 3D printed titanium alloy bone trabecula test piece according to claim 1, wherein the precision milling machine used in the step e is based on the milling machine precision of 0.01-0.05mm, the clamp of the test piece is fixed by a special clamp, and the cut test piece is polished by high-mesh waterproof abrasive paper to remove tool marks.
- 6. The method for measuring the porosity of the 3D printed titanium alloy trabecular bone specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the digital correlation technique equipment used for acquiring the structural shape of the section of the trabecular bone specimen in the step f comprises a high power camera capable of adjusting the magnification, the magnification is 30-50 times, and the digital correlation technique test software and the computer processing system.
- 7. The method for measuring the through hole rate of the 3D printed titanium alloy trabecular bone specimen is characterized in that the through hole rate of the trabecular bone specimen at the appointed section of the specimen is calculated and determined by determining the through hole rate of the surface and the interior of the titanium alloy trabecular bone specimen sample by adopting a comparison method according to the step (3), namely comparing the trabecular bone shape pattern of the trabecular bone specimen sample obtained by the experiment at the preset section position with the number of holes in the trabecular bone shape pattern of the theoretical model of the trabecular bone.
- 8. The method for measuring the through-hole rate of the 3D printing titanium alloy trabecular bone test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that the through-hole rate of the surface of the trabecular bone test piece and the through-hole rate of the internal trabecular bone test piece of the 3D printing titanium alloy test piece are respectively measured according to the steps, and the minimum value of the through-hole rates in the cross section is selected as the through-hole rate of the whole trabecular bone test piece sample.
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