CN110542326A - Direct air-cooling condensing system and control method for pumping out non-condensable gas - Google Patents
Direct air-cooling condensing system and control method for pumping out non-condensable gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110542326A CN110542326A CN201910911036.8A CN201910911036A CN110542326A CN 110542326 A CN110542326 A CN 110542326A CN 201910911036 A CN201910911036 A CN 201910911036A CN 110542326 A CN110542326 A CN 110542326A
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- air exhaust
- air
- valve
- temperature value
- condensing
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B7/00—Combinations of two or more condensers, e.g. provision of reserve condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/10—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a direct air-cooling condensing system, which consists of a steam exhaust pipeline, an air exhaust pipeline, a condensed water pipeline, a controller and a plurality of condensing units, wherein a temperature sensor is arranged on an air exhaust branch pipeline of each condensing unit, an air exhaust regulating valve is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline, or an air inlet regulating valve is arranged on the steam exhaust branch pipeline, and the air exhaust amount or the air inlet amount of each condensing unit is regulated according to the detected air exhaust temperature, so that the aim of regulating and balancing the non-condensable gas exhaust amount of each condensing unit is fulfilled. The invention improves the heat exchange efficiency of the condensing system, is beneficial to preventing freezing in winter and enhances the safety of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct air-cooling condensing system and a control method for pumping out non-condensable gas thereof, which are used for dead steam condensation of a steam turbine of a thermal power plant or similar steam driving equipment.
Background
in the thermal power generation process, exhaust steam (steam) exhausted from a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine needs to be condensed into water and then returned to a boiler for recycling. In order to save water resources, many power plants condense the exhaust steam by using a direct air-cooling condensing system.
At present, a direct air-cooling condensing system consists of a steam exhaust pipeline, an air exhaust pipeline, a condensing water pipeline, a controller and a condensing unit. The condensing unit comprises a steam exhaust branch pipeline, a downstream pipe bundle, a pipe bundle lower header, a reverse flow pipe bundle, a pipe bundle upper header, an air exhaust branch pipeline and the like. The exhaust steam exhausted from the steam turbine is distributed to each condensing unit through a steam exhaust pipeline, enters a downstream pipe bundle through a steam exhaust branch pipeline, is subjected to heat exchange with external cold air in the downstream pipe bundle, most of the exhaust steam is condensed into water, the rest exhaust steam enters a reverse flow pipe bundle to be continuously condensed, finally, non-condensable gas in the exhaust steam is gathered on a pipe bundle upper header, and then is converged into an air exhaust pipeline through an air exhaust branch pipeline to be exhausted. The air exhaust pipeline is connected with a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is used for maintaining the negative pressure (vacuum) state of the system. The condensed water formed in the forward flow tube bundle and the reverse flow tube bundle flows into the lower header of the tube bundle and is sent out of the system by the condensed water pipeline.
Common direct air-cooling condensing systems, such as systems used for thermal power generating units, have large heat loads and often require a plurality of condensing units.
The existing direct air-cooling condensing system has no control on the non-condensable gas pumping process, and has the following defects when the number of condensing units is large: 1) because the flow rate of the steam is high, the steam distributed to each condensing unit through the steam exhaust pipeline is not uniform, and the heat loads of the condensing units are inconsistent, so that the overall heat exchange efficiency is influenced; 2) when the steam pressure is low (the back pressure of the steam turbine), the air exhaust pressure of the air exhaust branch pipelines of each condensing unit is different, the air exhaust amount of some condensing units is small, non-condensable gas is accumulated in a countercurrent pipe bundle or even in a concurrent pipe bundle to form a dead zone for blocking the flow of the steam, the heat exchange efficiency is low, and freezing accidents are easy to happen in winter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a direct air-cooling condensing system and a control method for pumping out non-condensable gas, which are capable of uniformly distributing steam and more effectively pumping out non-condensable gas.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
A direct air-cooling condensing system comprises a steam exhaust pipeline, an air exhaust pipeline, a condensed water pipeline, a controller and a plurality of condensing units, wherein each condensing unit comprises a steam exhaust branch pipeline, a downstream pipe bundle, a pipe bundle lower header, a reverse pipe bundle, a pipe bundle upper header and an air exhaust branch pipeline, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline or the pipe bundle upper header of each condensing unit; an air exhaust regulating valve is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline, or an air inlet regulating valve is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline; the temperature sensor is connected with the controller through the data transmission channel, and the air exhaust adjusting valve or the steam inlet adjusting valve is also connected with the controller through the data transmission channel.
Preferably, the bleed adjustment valve is located after the temperature sensor.
Preferably, the data transmission channel is a wired transmission channel adopting a cable connection mode or a wireless transmission channel adopting an electromagnetic connection mode.
Preferably, the controller adopts a Distributed Control System (DCS) or the controller adopts a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
The control method for pumping out the non-condensable gas by adopting the direct air-cooling condensing system comprises the following steps of firstly, detecting and acquiring the pumping temperature at a pumping branch pipeline or a header on a tube bundle from a temperature sensor; calculating a valve closing temperature value and a valve opening temperature value of the air extraction regulating valve according to the air extraction temperature value, then sending an instruction for reducing the opening of the air extraction regulating valve and reducing the air extraction amount of the air extraction regulating valve to a condensing unit with the air extraction temperature higher than the valve closing temperature value, and simultaneously sending an instruction for increasing the opening of the air extraction valve and increasing the air extraction amount of the condensing unit with the air extraction temperature lower than the valve opening temperature value; or calculating a valve closing temperature value and a valve opening temperature value of the steam inlet adjusting valve according to the obtained air extraction temperature value, then sending an instruction for reducing the opening of the steam inlet adjusting valve and reducing the steam inlet amount of the steam inlet adjusting valve to the condensing unit with the air extraction temperature higher than the valve closing temperature value, and sending an instruction for increasing the opening of the steam inlet adjusting valve and increasing the steam inlet amount of the steam inlet adjusting valve to the condensing unit with the air extraction temperature lower than the valve opening temperature value.
Preferably, the valve opening temperature value is not less than the valve closing temperature value.
Preferably, when the ambient temperature is lower than zero degree, the valve closing temperature value is not less than the safety value of the air exhaust temperature required by the condensation unit due to freeze protection.
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The air extraction quantity of each condensing unit can be adjusted, the phenomenon of non-condensable gas accumulation of partial condensing units caused by uneven steam distribution and air extraction quantity is avoided, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved;
(2) In winter, the phenomenon of non-condensable gas accumulation of each condensing unit is avoided or reduced, freezing accidents of the concurrent tube bundle and the countercurrent tube bundle can be effectively prevented, and the operation safety of equipment is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of example 1 of the present invention (suction control valve control).
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of embodiment 2 of the present invention (intake throttle control).
In the figure: 1. a downstream tube bundle; 2. a tube bundle lower header; 3. a countercurrent tube bundle; 4. the tube bundle is connected with a header; 5. an air exhaust branch pipe; 6. a steam exhaust branch pipe; 7. a condensate pipeline; 8. an air extraction pipeline; 9. a steam exhaust duct; 10. a temperature sensor; 11. an admission regulating valve; 12. an air extraction regulating valve; 13. a controller; 14. and (4) a data transfer channel.
Detailed Description
example 1:
Referring to fig. 1, a direct air-cooling condensing system is composed of a steam exhaust pipeline 9, an air exhaust pipeline 8, a condensed water pipeline 7, a controller 13 and a plurality of condensing units, wherein each condensing unit comprises: the system comprises a steam exhaust branch pipeline 6, a downstream pipe bundle 1, a pipe bundle lower header 2, a counter-flow pipe bundle 3, a pipe bundle upper header 4 and an air exhaust branch pipeline 5; a temperature sensor 10 is additionally arranged on the exhaust branch pipe 5 of each condensing unit or the header 4 on the tube bundle (the temperature sensor 10 shown in the figure 1 is positioned on the exhaust branch pipe 5 and can also be arranged on the header 4 on the tube bundle); the air exhaust branch pipelines 5 of each condensing unit are additionally provided with air exhaust adjusting valves 12; the temperature sensor 10 is connected to the controller 13 via a data transmission channel 14, and the suction adjusting valve 12 is also connected to the controller 13 via the data transmission channel 14. The data transmission channel 14 transmits a temperature detection signal between the temperature sensor 10 and the controller 13 or a valve control signal between the suction adjusting valve 12 and the controller 13.
The bleed adjustment valve 12 is located preferably after the temperature sensor 10.
the controller 13 preferably employs a Distributed Control System (DCS) or a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
The data transmission channel 14 may be a wired transmission channel connected by a cable (e.g., a network cable or an optical cable), or a wireless transmission channel connected by an electromagnetic connection (e.g., WIFI, bluetooth, etc.).
The control method for pumping out the non-condensable gas by adopting the direct air-cooling condensing system in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: firstly, the temperature sensors 10 of each condensing unit are used for acquiring the air exhaust temperature at the position of an air exhaust branch pipeline 5 or the position of a header 4 on a pipe bundle, a controller 13 calculates the valve closing temperature value and the valve opening temperature value of the system according to the air exhaust temperature values, then an instruction for reducing the opening degree of an air exhaust adjusting valve 12 is sent to the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature higher than the valve closing temperature value, the air exhaust amount of the condensing unit is reduced after the opening degree of the air exhaust adjusting valve 12 is reduced, and the exhausting amount of non-condensable gas is correspondingly reduced; meanwhile, an instruction for increasing the opening degree of the extraction valve 12 is sent to the condensation unit with the extraction temperature lower than the valve opening temperature value, the extraction amount is increased after the valve opening degree is increased, and the extraction amount of non-condensable gas of the condensation unit is correspondingly increased. The valve closing temperature value and the valve opening temperature value are calculated according to the extraction temperatures of all the condensing units, the extraction temperature changes along with the change of the backpressure (steam pressure) of the steam turbine, the valve closing temperature value and the valve opening temperature value also change, but in order to enable the extraction temperature values of all the condensing units to be closer and closer (the extraction temperature tends to be uniform), the valve closing temperature value is not smaller than the valve opening temperature value. In cold areas in winter in the north, the operation backpressure of a steam turbine is low, the anti-freezing of the concurrent flow tube bundle 1 and the counter flow tube bundle 3 is very important, the air extraction temperature of the system has a specified safety value, and therefore the valve closing temperature value cannot be smaller than the air extraction temperature safety value.
In this embodiment 1, the exhaust adjustment valve 12 is disposed on the exhaust branch pipe 5, and the control of exhausting the non-condensable gas is realized by adjusting the amount of exhaust gas of the condensing unit.
Example 2:
Referring to fig. 2, a direct air-cooling condensing system is composed of a steam exhaust pipeline 9, an air exhaust pipeline 8, a condensed water pipeline 7, a controller 13 and a plurality of condensing units, wherein each condensing unit comprises: the system comprises a steam exhaust branch pipeline 6, a downstream pipe bundle 1, a pipe bundle lower header 2, a counter-flow pipe bundle 3, a pipe bundle upper header 4 and an air exhaust branch pipeline 5, wherein a temperature sensor 10 (the temperature sensor 10 is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline 5) is additionally arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline 5 or the pipe bundle upper header 4 of a condensation unit, a steam inlet adjusting valve 11 is additionally arranged on the steam exhaust branch pipeline 6 of the condensation unit, the temperature sensor 10 is connected with a controller 13 through a data transmission channel 14, and the steam inlet adjusting valve 11 is also connected with the controller 13 through the data transmission channel 14.
The embodiment 2 is a control method for pumping out non-condensable gas by a direct air-cooling condensing system: firstly, the temperature sensors 10 of each condensing unit detect and acquire the air exhaust temperature at the position of an air exhaust branch pipeline 5 or the position of a header 4 on a pipe bundle, the valve closing temperature value and the valve opening temperature value of an air intake adjusting valve 11 are calculated according to the air exhaust temperature values, then an instruction for reducing the opening degree of the air intake adjusting valve 11 is sent to the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature higher than the valve closing temperature value, and the steam flow entering the condensing unit can be reduced after the instruction for reducing the opening degree of the valve is executed; meanwhile, an instruction for increasing the opening of the steam inlet valve 11 is sent to the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature lower than the valve opening temperature value, and the steam flow entering the condensing unit is correspondingly increased after the instruction for increasing the opening of the valve is executed. After the opening of the steam inlet adjusting valve 11 is increased, the steam inlet flow is increased, the steam pressure of the condensing unit is also increased, the air exhaust pressure difference is also increased, and the air exhaust amount and the non-condensable gas exhaust amount are also increased; on the contrary, after the steam inlet adjusting valve is reduced, the steam pressure is lower, the air exhaust pressure difference is small, and the non-condensable gas pumping quantity is reduced.
The difference from example 1 is: an inlet steam regulating valve 11 is arranged on the exhaust branch pipeline 6, and the control mode of exhausting non-condensable gas adopts a mode of regulating the steam inlet quantity of the steam of the condensing unit; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 2 can realize control of the removal of non-condensable gas as in example 1. The direct air-cooling condensing system comprises a plurality of condensing units, the air extraction capacity of air extraction equipment (a water ring vacuum pump) is fixed, if the air extraction amount of some condensing units is large, the air extraction amount of other condensing units is small, and if the air extraction amount of some condensing units is large, the air extraction amount of a small part or individual condensing units is insufficient, non-condensable gas accumulates in the countercurrent pipe bundle 3 (even in the concurrent pipe bundle 1), so that the heat exchange efficiency is reduced, and the system is also influenced to prevent freezing when the environmental temperature is low in winter. If the air extraction amount of a certain condensing unit is too large, the extracted gas contains more water vapor besides non-condensable gas, and the air extraction temperature is high; on the contrary, if the extraction amount is too small, the non-condensable gas is accumulated in the header 4 on the tube bundle, the extracted gas has large non-condensable gas component and less water vapor component, and the extraction temperature is low; the invention judges whether the air extraction quantity of each condensing unit is too large or too small according to the air extraction temperature value, so that the air extraction regulating valve 12 or the steam inlet regulating valve 11 is automatically regulated by the controller 13, and finally, the balance of the air extraction quantity of each condensing unit and the effective extraction of non-condensable gas are realized; the overall heat exchange efficiency is optimized, and the freezing prevention in winter can be ensured.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a direct air cooling condensing system comprises exhaust pipe (9), air exhaust pipeline (8), condensate pipe (7), controller (13) and a plurality of condensing unit, and every condensing unit includes exhaust branch pipe (6), following current tube bank (1), tube bank lower header (2), countercurrent tube bank (3), tube bank upper header (4) and air exhaust branch pipe (5), its characterized in that: a temperature sensor (10) is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline (5) or the upper header (4) of the tube bundle; an air exhaust regulating valve (12) is arranged on the air exhaust branch pipeline (5) or an air inlet regulating valve (11) is arranged on the steam exhaust branch pipeline (6); the temperature sensor (10) is connected with the controller (13) through a data transmission channel (14), and the air exhaust regulating valve (12) or the steam inlet regulating valve (11) is connected with the controller (13) through the data transmission channel (14).
2. The direct air-cooling condensing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the suction regulating valve (12) is located behind the temperature sensor (10).
3. The direct air-cooling condensing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the data transmission channel (14) is a wired transmission channel adopting a cable connection mode or a wireless transmission channel adopting an electromagnetic connection mode.
4. The direct air-cooling condensing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the controller (13) adopts a distributed control system or a programmable logic controller.
5. A control method for pumping out non-condensable gas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is based on the direct air-cooling condensation system of any one of claims 1 to 4, and the extraction temperature is detected and obtained from the temperature sensor (10) of each condensation unit; calculating a valve closing temperature value and a valve opening temperature value of the air exhaust adjusting valve (12) according to the air exhaust temperature value, then sending an instruction for reducing the opening of the air exhaust adjusting valve (12) and reducing the air exhaust amount of the air exhaust adjusting valve to the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature higher than the valve closing temperature value, and sending an instruction for increasing the opening of the air exhaust valve (12) and increasing the air exhaust amount of the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature lower than the valve opening temperature value; or calculating a valve closing temperature value and a valve opening temperature value of the steam inlet regulating valve (11) according to the air exhaust temperature value, then sending an instruction for reducing the opening degree of the steam inlet regulating valve (11) and reducing the steam inlet quantity to the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature higher than the valve closing temperature value, and sending an instruction for increasing the valve opening degree of the steam inlet regulating valve (11) and increasing the steam inlet quantity to the condensing unit with the air exhaust temperature lower than the valve opening temperature value.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of exhausting the non-condensable gas comprises the steps of: the valve opening temperature value is not less than the valve closing temperature value.
7. the method according to claim 5, wherein the step of exhausting the non-condensable gas comprises the steps of: the valve closing temperature value is not less than the air extraction temperature safety value required by the condensation unit due to freeze protection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910911036.8A CN110542326A (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Direct air-cooling condensing system and control method for pumping out non-condensable gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910911036.8A CN110542326A (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Direct air-cooling condensing system and control method for pumping out non-condensable gas |
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| CN110542326A true CN110542326A (en) | 2019-12-06 |
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| CN201910911036.8A Pending CN110542326A (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Direct air-cooling condensing system and control method for pumping out non-condensable gas |
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Citations (6)
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| CN202582241U (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-12-05 | 深圳中兴新源环保股份有限公司 | WFE (Water Film Evaporation) peak condensing system connected with direct air cooling system in parallel |
| CN203259028U (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-10-30 | 浙江大唐乌沙山发电有限责任公司 | Double-backpressure-condenser vacuum pumping system |
| JP2019015255A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Steam power generation plant |
| CN109682227A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-26 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Air-Cooling Island system and its antifreeze method |
| CN109708487A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-03 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of Air-Cooling Island frozen state on-line monitoring method |
| CN210718714U (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-06-09 | 双良节能***股份有限公司 | Direct air cooling and condensing system |
-
2019
- 2019-09-25 CN CN201910911036.8A patent/CN110542326A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202582241U (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-12-05 | 深圳中兴新源环保股份有限公司 | WFE (Water Film Evaporation) peak condensing system connected with direct air cooling system in parallel |
| CN203259028U (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-10-30 | 浙江大唐乌沙山发电有限责任公司 | Double-backpressure-condenser vacuum pumping system |
| JP2019015255A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Steam power generation plant |
| CN109708487A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-03 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of Air-Cooling Island frozen state on-line monitoring method |
| CN109682227A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-26 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Air-Cooling Island system and its antifreeze method |
| CN210718714U (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-06-09 | 双良节能***股份有限公司 | Direct air cooling and condensing system |
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