CN110540410B - Feed for alumina ceramic injection molding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN110540410B CN110540410B CN201810530418.1A CN201810530418A CN110540410B CN 110540410 B CN110540410 B CN 110540410B CN 201810530418 A CN201810530418 A CN 201810530418A CN 110540410 B CN110540410 B CN 110540410B
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for alumina ceramic injection molding and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed is prepared from Al2O3Powder and organic mixture, the Al2O3The powder accounts for 75-92 wt%, the organic mixture accounts for 8-25 wt%, and the organic mixture consists of an organic aluminum precursor, an organic binder and a dispersing agent. The alumina ceramic feed is optimized by creatively introducing the organic aluminum precursor, the organic aluminum precursor has good fluidity and brings 40 wt% of alumina yield after being fired, the problems of high organic matter content and multiple firing defects in the traditional alumina ceramic feed are solved, and the alumina ceramic feed with high solid content and good fluidity is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of precise ceramic preparation, in particular to a feed for alumina ceramic injection molding and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because of a series of advantages of high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, the alumina ceramic can play an important role in various extreme environments, is incomparable with organic polymer materials and metal materials, has been developed into various fields of industrial and agricultural production, national economy, science and technology, has been rapidly developed in recent decades, such as space technology, energy technology, biomedical technology and the like, is increasingly applied to the alumina ceramic, and has been continuously widened in application field. However, the aluminum oxide ceramic structural member has low production yield and poor controllability of dimensional accuracy, so that large-scale application of the aluminum oxide ceramic structural member is greatly limited, particularly, the aluminum oxide ceramic structural member with a complex shape is more difficult to produce in batches, the required accuracy of the aluminum oxide ceramic structural member is difficult to effectively control in the ceramic production process, the dimensional accuracy of the structural member can only be realized by means of machining, and the aluminum oxide ceramic has high hardness and high brittleness, and complex structures such as thin-wall and curved-surface structures are extremely difficult to machine, so that the aluminum oxide ceramic structural member is high in cost and severely limited in productivity. In the industry, the qualification rate of the alumina ceramic structural part with the complex shape is less than 20 percent, and the main reason is from the characteristic of poor controllability of ceramic forming and sintering processes.
The blank of the aluminum oxide ceramic structural member with a complex shape formed by the currently and generally adopted dry pressing and isostatic pressing processes has poor dimensional accuracy, and a large dimensional allowance needs to be reserved for machining; the existing injection molding process is also difficult to produce alumina ceramic structural parts in batches, and the main reasons are that the content of alumina feeding organic matters is high, and the organic matters are difficult to completely eliminate in the sintering process, so that the injection-molded alumina ceramic structural parts have many pore defects and low density, and the product performance cannot meet the requirements; the shrinkage and consistency of the ceramic structural member caused by large shrinkage of the sintering size are uncontrollable, and the difficulty which cannot be overcome by the existing alumina ceramic system is overcome. The defect is caused by a 'tire of an alumina ceramic system', the sintering shrinkage of the existing alumina ceramic system is up to 20%, the size change temperature zone is narrow, the size of the alumina ceramic structural part is not changed only in the sintering temperature zone of 10-20 ℃, the fluctuation of the sintering temperature obviously has great influence on the size shrinkage and deformation of the alumina ceramic structural part, and the industrialization process of the alumina ceramic structural part is also directly restricted. Therefore, the aluminum oxide ceramic system needs to be adjusted so that the dimensional accuracy is really controllable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a feed for alumina ceramic injection molding and a preparation method thereof, wherein an organic aluminum precursor is introduced to have high solid content and good flowing property, and the organic aluminum precursor is introduced with an alumina yield of 40% after being sintered at high temperature, so that paraffin components in a traditional alumina ceramic feed system can be completely replaced, and the problems of high organic matter content such as paraffin and the like and high defects after being sintered of the traditional alumina ceramic feed system are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a feed for injection moulding of alumina ceramics is prepared from Al2O3Powder and organic mixture, the Al2O3The powder accounts for 75-92 wt%, the organic mixture accounts for 8-25 wt%, and the organic mixture consists of an organic aluminum precursor, an organic binder and a dispersing agent.
Preferably: in the organic mixture, the organic aluminum precursor accounts for 40-94 wt%, the organic binder accounts for 3-40 wt%, and the dispersant accounts for 3-20 wt%.
Preferably: the Al is2O3The content of alumina in the powder accounts for 70 wt% -100 wt%.
Preferably: the organic aluminum precursor is more than one of trimethylamine aluminium alkyl (TMAA), dimethylethylamine aluminium alkyl (DMEAA), dimethylaluminum hydride (DMAH) and triethylamine aluminium alkyl.
Preferably: the organic binder is more than one of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), atactic polypropylene (APP) and polypropylene (PP).
Preferably: the dispersant is more than one of Stearic Acid (SA), Oleic Acid (OA) and carboxyl stearic acid (HSA).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed for the alumina ceramic injection molding, which adopts an original high-pressure injection ceramic molding process, and ceramic blanks are degreased under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity water vapor, so that the potential safety hazard of environmental protection caused by using environmental protection oil to degrease a traditional alumina ceramic feeding system is solved, the near-net-size molding of ceramic precision parts with large size, high performance and complex shape is realized, and the application range of alumina ceramic structural members is greatly expanded. The invention enables the alumina ceramic structural member to be compared with metal materials in the aspects of dimensional accuracy and cost, and has the potential of widely replacing metal, high polymer materials and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the feed for the alumina ceramic injection molding comprises the following steps:
(1) melting, stirring and mixing an organic aluminum precursor, an organic binder and a dispersing agent, and cooling for later use to obtain an organic mixture;
(2) ball milling the alumina powder, and then carrying out spray drying;
(3) and (3) adding the alumina powder obtained in the step (2) into the organic mixture prepared in the step (1) and mixing.
Preferably: the melting temperature of the step (1) is 160-250 ℃.
Preferably: and (3) in the step (2), a horizontal ceramic ball mill, a stirring mill and a sand mill are used for ball milling, and the ball milling time is 1-18 hours.
Preferably: the mixing temperature in the step (3) is 130-180 ℃.
A preparation method of an alumina ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the prepared feed, feeding the dried feed into a hopper of a high-pressure injection molding machine, applying high temperature and high pressure to inject the feed into a mold, and opening the mold to obtain a ceramic blank;
(2) degreasing the ceramic blank prepared in the step (1);
(3) and (3) drying the degreased ceramic blank in the step (2), carrying out glue removal treatment, and then heating for sintering to obtain the alumina ceramic material.
Preferably: the injection pressure in the step (1) is 20-50 MPa, and the injection temperature is 120-180 ℃.
Preferably: in the step (2), the degreasing temperature and the humidity of the ceramic blank are respectively 60-90 ℃ and 40-80% of humidity.
Preferably: the step (3) is specifically as follows: and (3) drying the ceramic blank degreased in the step (2), preserving heat at 650 ℃ for 2 hours for glue removal treatment, wherein the heating rate is 20 ℃/h, then heating to 1470-1620 ℃ for sintering, the heating rate is 120-180 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 2-16 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feeding for alumina ceramic injection molding claimed in this embodiment originally introduces the organic aluminum precursor to optimize the alumina ceramic feeding, solves the problems of high organic content (organic content is up to more than 15 wt%) and multiple firing defects (organic volatilization leaves many pore defects) in the traditional alumina ceramic feeding, and obtains the alumina ceramic feeding with high solid content (organic aluminum precursor introduces 40 wt% of alumina yield, reduces pore defects caused by organic volatilization) and good fluidity.
The alumina ceramic prepared by the feed for alumina ceramic injection molding claimed in the embodiment is prepared by adopting a high-pressure injection molding process, a ceramic blank is degreased under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity and water vapor, the environmental protection potential safety hazard caused by using environmental protection oil to degrease a traditional alumina ceramic feeding system is solved, the precision of the prepared product is high, the near-net-size molding of an alumina ceramic structural member is realized, the sintering shrinkage and consistency of the alumina ceramic structural member are controllable, and the size fluctuation values of the products sintered in the same batch and different batches are less than one percent. The alumina ceramic prepared by the feeding for alumina ceramic injection molding claimed in the embodiment realizes low-deformation sintering of the alumina ceramic three-dimensional precise structural member, and the product can meet the requirements of metal and high polymer materials on dimensional precision in batches without processing, thereby greatly expanding the application field of alumina ceramic and having the potential of widely replacing metal, high polymer materials and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further explain the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing materials according to mass percent, adding 85 wt% of trimethylamine aluminum alkyl TMAA, 10 wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and 5 wt% of stearic acid into a mixer, melting and stirring at 180 ℃, fully and uniformly mixing, cooling for later use to obtain an organic mixture, and preparing the low-deformation high-precision alumina ceramic material by the following steps:
(1) after 75 porcelain and 92 porcelain alumina powder components are mixed, putting the mixture into a 200KG horizontal ceramic ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, and carrying out spray drying after ball milling;
(2) putting the spray-dried alumina powder into a mixing roll, adding an organic mixture with the powder mass fraction of 12%, and uniformly mixing at 180 ℃;
(3) granulating the mixed raw materials in a granulator to obtain ceramic feed with the diameter of 3mm and the height of 5mm, feeding the ceramic feed into a hopper of a high-pressure injection molding machine through an automatic feeding machine, injecting the ceramic feed into a precision mold under the conditions that the injection pressure is 40MPa and the injection temperature is 150 ℃, and opening the mold to obtain a ceramic blank;
(4) degreasing the ceramic blank under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity of 70 ℃ and 60 percent of humidity;
(5) drying the degreased ceramic blank at the temperature of 100 ℃, putting the ceramic blank into a pushed slab kiln through a mechanical arm, carrying out heat preservation on the ceramic blank at the temperature of 650 ℃ for 2 hours for glue removal treatment at the heating rate of 20 ℃/h, then heating to the temperature of 1470-1550 ℃ for sintering, wherein the heating rate is 120-180 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 2-16 hours, so that the low-deformation high-precision alumina ceramic material can be prepared.
Table 1 dimensional shrinkage of example 1
Example 2
Preparing materials according to mass percent, adding 80 wt% of triethylamine alane TMAA, 10 wt% of high-density polyethylene HDPE, 5 wt% of polypropylene PP and 5 wt% of stearic acid into a mixer, melting and stirring at 180 ℃, fully mixing uniformly, cooling for later use to obtain an organic mixture, and preparing the low-deformation high-precision alumina ceramic material by the following steps:
(1) after the components of 95 porcelain and 99 porcelain alumina powder are proportioned, putting the mixture into a 200KG horizontal ceramic ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, and carrying out spray granulation after ball milling;
(2) putting the spray-dried alumina powder into a mixing roll, adding an organic mixture with the powder mass fraction of 12%, and uniformly mixing at 180 ℃;
(3) drying the mixed raw materials in a granulator to form ceramic feed with the diameter of 3mm and the height of 5mm, feeding the ceramic feed into a hopper of a high-pressure injection molding machine through an automatic feeding machine, injecting the ceramic feed into a precise mold under the conditions that the injection pressure is 40MPa and the injection temperature is 150 ℃, and opening the mold to obtain a ceramic blank;
(4) degreasing the ceramic blank under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity of 70 ℃ and 60 percent of humidity;
(5) drying the degreased ceramic blank at the temperature of 100 ℃, putting the ceramic blank into a pushed slab kiln through a mechanical arm, carrying out heat preservation on the ceramic blank at the temperature of 650 ℃ for 2 hours for glue removal treatment at the heating rate of 20 ℃/h, then heating to the temperature of 1560-1620 ℃ for sintering, wherein the heating rate is 120, the heat preservation time is 2-16 hours, and thus the low-deformation high-precision alumina ceramic material can be prepared.
Table 2 shrinkage of the dimensions of example 2
Example 3
The same features of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment from those of the above embodiments are: mixing 80 wt% of 95 porcelain alumina powder, 12.5 wt% of at least one of trimethylamine aluminium alkyl TMAA, dimethylethylamine aluminium alkyl DMEAA, dimethylaluminum hydride DMAH and triethylamine aluminium alkyl, 3.75 wt% of at least one of high density polyethylene HDPE, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP, polyvinyl butyral, random polypropylene APP and polypropylene PVB PP, and 3.75 wt% of at least one of stearic acid SA, oleic acid OA and carboxyl stearic acid HSA, and adding the mixture into a mixer to melt at 160 ℃.
(1) The ball milling time in (1) is 5 hours, and the mixing temperature is 130 ℃.
(2) Adding an organic mixture with the powder mass fraction of 12 wt%, and uniformly mixing at the temperature of 130 ℃.
(3) The injection pressure is 20MPa, and the injection temperature is 125 ℃.
(4) The medium ceramic blank is degreased under the conditions of a temperature of 60 ℃ and a humidity of 40 percent at a constant temperature and a constant humidity.
Example 4
The same features of this embodiment as those of any of embodiments 1 to 3 are not described again, and the features of this embodiment that are different from those of the above embodiments are: adding at least one of 90 wt% of 99 porcelain alumina powder, 6.4 wt% of trimethylamine aluminium alkyl TMAA, dimethyl ethylamine aluminium alkyl DMEAA, dimethyl aluminium hydride DMAH and triethylamine aluminium alkyl, at least one of 2.6 wt% of high density polyethylene HDPE, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP, polyvinyl butyral PVB, random polypropylene APP and polypropylene PP, and at least one of 1 wt% of stearic acid SA, oleic acid OA and carboxyl stearic acid HSA into a mixer for melting at 160 ℃.
(1) The ball milling time in (1) is 18 hours, and the mixing temperature is 180 ℃.
(2) Adding an organic mixture with the powder mass fraction of 28 wt%, and uniformly mixing at the temperature of 200 ℃.
(3) The injection pressure was 50MPa and the injection temperature was 175 ℃.
(4) The medium ceramic blank is degreased under the conditions of temperature of 90 ℃ and humidity of 70 percent at constant temperature and constant humidity.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A feed for alumina ceramic injection molding is characterized in that: from Al2O3Powder and organic mixture, the Al2O3The powder accounts for 75-92 wt%, the organic mixture accounts for 8-25 wt%, the organic mixture consists of an organic aluminum precursor, an organic binder and a dispersing agent, and the organic aluminum precursor is more than one of trimethylamine alane, dimethylethylamine alane, dimethylaluminum hydride and triethylamine alane.
2. The feed for alumina ceramic injection molding according to claim 1, wherein: in the organic mixture, the organic aluminum precursor accounts for 40-94 wt%, the organic binder accounts for 3-40 wt%, and the dispersant accounts for 3-20 wt%.
3. The feed for alumina ceramic injection molding according to claim 1, wherein: the Al is2O3The content of alumina in the powder accounts for 70-100 wt%; the organic binder is more than one of high-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral and polypropylene; the dispersant is more than one of stearic acid and oleic acid.
4. A method for preparing a feedstock for alumina ceramic injection molding as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting, stirring and mixing the organic aluminum precursor, the organic binder and the dispersing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and then cooling for later use to obtain an organic mixture;
(2) ball milling the alumina powder, and then carrying out spray drying;
(3) and (3) adding the alumina powder obtained in the step (2) into the organic mixture prepared in the step (1) and mixing.
5. The method for preparing a feedstock for alumina ceramic injection molding according to claim 4, wherein: the melting temperature of the step (1) is 160-250 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a feedstock for alumina ceramic injection molding according to claim 4, wherein: and (3) in the step (2), a horizontal ceramic ball mill, a stirring mill and a sand mill are used for ball milling, and the ball milling time is 1-18 hours.
7. The method for preparing a feedstock for alumina ceramic injection molding according to claim 4, wherein: the mixing temperature in the step (3) is 130-180 ℃.
8. A preparation method of an alumina ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the feed material of any one of claims 1 to 3, feeding the dried feed material into a hopper of a high-pressure injection molding machine, applying high temperature and high pressure to inject the dried feed material into a mold, and opening the mold to obtain a ceramic blank;
(2) degreasing the ceramic blank prepared in the step (1);
(3) and (3) drying the degreased ceramic blank in the step (2), carrying out glue removal treatment, and then heating for sintering to obtain the alumina ceramic material.
9. The method for preparing an alumina ceramic material as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the injection pressure in the step (1) is 20-50 MPa, and the injection temperature is 120-180 ℃; in the step (2), the degreasing temperature and the humidity of the ceramic blank are respectively 60-90 ℃ and 40-80% of humidity.
10. The method for preparing an alumina ceramic material as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the step (3) is specifically as follows: and (3) drying the ceramic blank degreased in the step (2), preserving heat at 650 ℃ for 2 hours for glue removal treatment, wherein the heating rate is 20 ℃/h, then heating to 1470-1620 ℃ for sintering, the heating rate is 120-180 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 2-16 hours.
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| JP2008512231A (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2008-04-24 | エイビービー ラマス グローバル インコーポレイテッド | Zeolite and hydrogenation catalyst with high mesoporosity |
| CN101005003A (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2007-07-25 | 深圳市爱尔创科技有限公司 | Semi-transparent ceramic arc tube and its producing method |
| CN101012124A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2007-08-08 | 林一民 | Ceramic heat emission material and its use and manufacturing method |
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